| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Erosa, Gilda, et al.
(författare)
-
Secondary Metabolites from Heliotropium angiospermum
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society. - 1870-249X. ; 53:2, s. 44-47
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blumenol A (1), blumenol B (2) and loliolide (3), together with the ubiquitous beta-sitosterol, alpha-amyrin and beta-amyrin, were isolated from the organic extract of the leaves of Heliotropium angiospermum. Structural elucidation of the metabolites was carried out by analysis of their spectroscopic data and/or by comparison with those reported in the literature.
|
|
| 5. |
- García Rodríguez, Luis A, et al.
(författare)
-
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in UK primary care : incidence and risk factors
- 2009
-
Ingår i: COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1541-2555 .- 1541-2563. ; 6:5, s. 369-379
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated the association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with modifiable risk factors such as smoking and prescription medications, and investigated possible risk factors unique to patients who had never smoked. The UK General Practice Research Database was used to identify a cohort of patients with a first diagnosis of COPD (n = 1927) along with age- and sex-matched controls without COPD (n = 16 546). The incidence of COPD diagnoses and the risks associated with medication use, co-morbidities, and demographic factors, were estimated. The incidence of COPD was 2.6 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5-2.7) among 40-89 year-olds. The risk significantly increased in current and former smokers (OR: 6.15 [95% CI: 5.41-7.00] and 3.45 [95% CI: 2.96-4.02]), respectively. The risk was significantly lower in former smokers than current smokers (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.52-0.71). Current statin use was significantly associated with a reduced risk (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.25-0.80). In never smokers, risk factors included advanced age and obesity. The risk in never smokers was more strongly related to paracetamol use (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.33-2.49) than in current and former smokers (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.18-1.86). In summary, COPD is associated with a range of cardiovascular and respiratory conditions and the risk is influenced by current and past medications. While the risk factors are similar in smokers and never smokers, some were unique to never smokers. Moreover, subjects who stopped smoking had a substantially lower COPD risk than those who continued smoking.
|
|
| 6. |
- García Rodríguez, Luis A, et al.
(författare)
-
Relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and COPD in UK primary care
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Chest. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-3692 .- 1931-3543. ; 134:6, s. 1223-1230
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms may be more common in patients with COPD than in control subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between diagnoses of COPD and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in primary care. METHODS: We used the UK General Practice Research Database to identify a cohort of patients with a first diagnosis of GERD (n = 4,391) and another cohort of patients with a first diagnosis of COPD (n = 1,628) during 1996, which we compared with age-matched and sex-matched comparison cohorts without either diagnosis. We calculated the incidence of a GERD diagnosis among the patients with COPD and control subjects, and of a COPD diagnosis among the patients with GERD and control subjects. We also calculated the relative risk (RR) estimates of these diagnoses using the Mantel-Haenszel test. Risks associated with medication use, comorbidities, and demographic and lifestyle factors were examined using a nested case-control analysis. RESULTS: During the 5-year follow-up, the RR of an incident COPD diagnosis in patients with a diagnosis of GERD was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91 to 1.49), while the RR of an incident GERD diagnosis among patients with a diagnosis of COPD was 1.46 (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.78). A COPD diagnosis was associated with current or former smoking, prior diagnosis of asthma, or the use of asthma medication. A GERD diagnosis was associated with a prior diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a diagnosis of COPD are at a significantly increased risk of a diagnosis of GERD compared with individuals with no COPD diagnosis.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Huerta, Consuelo, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk of myocardial infarction and overall mortality in survivors of venous thromboembolism.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Thrombosis Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-9560. ; 6, s. 10-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUNDVenous thromboembolism (VTE) and thromboembolic arterial diseases are usually considered to be distinct entities, but there is evidence to suggest that these disorders may be linked. The aim of this study was to determine whether a diagnosis of VTE increases the long-term risk of myocardial infarction (MI).METHODSThe incidence rate (IR) and relative risk (RR) of MI in a cohort of patients with a diagnosis of VTE (n = 4890) compared with that of a control cohort without prior VTE (n = 43 382) were evaluated in the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD). Death during follow-up was also determined. Patients were followed for up to 8 years (mean of 3 years).RESULTSThe IR of MI per 1000 person-years was 4.1 (95% CI: 3.1-5.3) for the VTE cohort and 3.5 (95% CI: 3.2-3.8) for the control cohort. The IR of MI was highest in the first year after the VTE episode, but overall differences between the two cohorts were not significant (RR of MI associated with VTE: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.9-1.6). The risk of death was higher in the VTE cohort than the control cohort, even after adjustment for cancer, heart failure and ischaemic heart disease (RR: 2.4; 95% CI: 2.2-2.6), particularly during the first year after VTE (RR: 3.8; 95% CI: 3.4-4.3).CONCLUSIONA VTE episode does not significantly increase the risk of MI, but does increase the risk of death, particularly in the first year following VTE diagnosis.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Ma, Li-Jun, et al.
(författare)
-
Genomic analysis of the basal lineage fungus Rhizopus oryzae reveals a whole-genome duplication.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 5:7, s. e1000549-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rhizopus oryzae is the primary cause of mucormycosis, an emerging, life-threatening infection characterized by rapid angioinvasive growth with an overall mortality rate that exceeds 50%. As a representative of the paraphyletic basal group of the fungal kingdom called "zygomycetes," R. oryzae is also used as a model to study fungal evolution. Here we report the genome sequence of R. oryzae strain 99-880, isolated from a fatal case of mucormycosis. The highly repetitive 45.3 Mb genome assembly contains abundant transposable elements (TEs), comprising approximately 20% of the genome. We predicted 13,895 protein-coding genes not overlapping TEs, many of which are paralogous gene pairs. The order and genomic arrangement of the duplicated gene pairs and their common phylogenetic origin provide evidence for an ancestral whole-genome duplication (WGD) event. The WGD resulted in the duplication of nearly all subunits of the protein complexes associated with respiratory electron transport chains, the V-ATPase, and the ubiquitin-proteasome systems. The WGD, together with recent gene duplications, resulted in the expansion of multiple gene families related to cell growth and signal transduction, as well as secreted aspartic protease and subtilase protein families, which are known fungal virulence factors. The duplication of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway, especially the major azole target, lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (ERG11), could contribute to the variable responses of R. oryzae to different azole drugs, including voriconazole and posaconazole. Expanded families of cell-wall synthesis enzymes, essential for fungal cell integrity but absent in mammalian hosts, reveal potential targets for novel and R. oryzae-specific diagnostic and therapeutic treatments.
|
|
