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| 2. |
- Forsström, David, et al.
(författare)
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Group versus Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for procrastination : Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: Abstracts from the 7th Swedish Congress on internet interventions (SWEsrii). - Linköping : Linköping University Press. ; , s. 20-20
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Procrastination can be defined as a voluntarily delay of an intended course of action despite expecting to be worse-off for the delay, and is considered a persistent behavior pattern that can result in major psychological suffering, which in turn can constitute a major problem for many individuals. There a not many studies available on treating procrastination. A previous Internet based RCT with guided and unguided treatment aimed to decrease procrastination yielded positive results for individuals who volunteered to receive treatment. This current study has the aim to further increase the knowledge regarding treatment for procrastination. It is a RCT comparing unguided and group treatment aimed to decrease procrastination in a student population. Demographic data from the included participants and preliminary outcome data is presented. These results are discussed and compared to the previous RCT and other studies evaluating the effect of treatment aimed to decrease procrastination.
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| 3. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Differentiating procrastinators from each other : A cluster analysis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1650-6073 .- 1651-2316. ; 44:6, s. 480-490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Procrastination refers to the tendency to postpone the initiation and completion of a given course of action. Approximately one-fifth of the adult population and half of the student population perceive themselves as being severe and chronic procrastinators. Albeit not a psychiatric diagnosis, procrastination has been shown to be associated with increased stress and anxiety, exacerbation of illness, and poorer performance in school and work. However, despite being severely debilitating, little is known about the population of procrastinators in terms of possible subgroups, and previous research has mainly investigated procrastination among university students. The current study examined data from a screening process recruiting participants to a randomized controlled trial of Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for procrastination (Rozental et al., in press). In total, 710 treatment-seeking individuals completed self-report measures of procrastination, depression, anxiety, and quality of life. The results suggest that there might exist five separate subgroups, or clusters, of procrastinators: “Mild procrastinators” (24.93%), “Average procrastinators” (27.89%), “Well-adjusted procrastinators” (13.94%), “Severe procrastinators” (21.69%), and “Primarily depressed” (11.55%). Hence, there seems to be marked differences among procrastinators in terms of levels of severity, as well as a possible subgroup for which procrastinatory problems are primarily related to depression. Tailoring the treatment interventions to the specific procrastination profile of the individual could thus become important, as well as screening for comorbid psychiatric diagnoses in order to target difficulties associated with, for instance, depression.
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| 4. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of undergoing Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for procrastination : A qualitative study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Internet Interventions. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-7829. ; 2:3, s. 314-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet interventions constitute a promising and cost-effective treatment alternative for a wide range of psychiatric disorders and somatic conditions. Several clinical trials have provided evidence for its efficacy and effectiveness, and recent research also indicate that it can be helpful in the treatment of conditions that are debilitating, but do not necessarily warrant more immediate care, for instance, procrastination, a self-regulatory failure that is associated with decreased well-being and mental health. However, providing treatment interventions for procrastination via the Internet is a novel approach, making it unclear how the participants themselves perceive their experiences. The current study thus investigated participants' own apprehension of undergoing Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for procrastination by distributing open-ended questions at the post-treatment assessment, for instance, “What did you think about the readability of the texts”, “How valuable do you believe that this treatment has been for you?”, and “The thing that I am most displeased with (and how it could be improved) is …”. In total, 75 participants (50%) responded, and the material was examined using thematic analysis. The results indicate that there exist both positive and negative aspects of the treatment program. Many participants increased their self-efficacy and were able to gain momentum on many tasks and assignments that had been deferred in their everyday life. Meanwhile, several participants lacked motivation to complete the exercises, had too many conflicting commitments, and were unable to keep up with the tight treatment schedule. Hence, the results suggest that Internet interventions for procrastination could profit from individual tailoring, shorter and more manageable modules, and that the content need to be adapted to the reading comprehension and motivational level of the participant.
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| 5. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for procrastination : A randomized controlled trial
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Procrastination is a common self-regulatory failure associated with personal distress, but research investigating different treatment interventions for the condition is scarce. In the current study, 150 participants were randomized into guided self help, unguided self-help, and wait-list control. Outcome measures were administered before and after the treatment, or weekly throughout the treatment period, and the intention-to-treat principle was used for all statistical analyses. Mixed effects models revealed moderate between-group effect sizes comparing guided and unguided self-help to wait-list control; the Pure Procrastination Scale (Cohen’s d = 0.70, 95% CI [0.29, 1.10], and d = 0.50, 95% CI [0.10, 0.90]), and the Irrational Procrastination Scale (d = 0.81 95% CI [0.40, 1.22], and d = 0.69 95% CI [0.29, 1.09]). Clinically significant change was achieved among 31.3-40.0% for guided self-help, compared to 24.0-36.0% for unguided self-help. Neither of the treatment conditions was found to be superior on any of the outcome measures.
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| 6. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for procrastination : A randomized controlled trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0022-006X .- 1939-2117. ; 83:4, s. 808-824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Procrastination can be a persistent behavior pattern associated with personal distress. However, research investigating different treatment interventions is scarce, and no randomized controlled trial has examined the efficacy of cognitive−behavior therapy (CBT). Meanwhile, Internet-based CBT has been found promising for several conditions, but has not yet been used for procrastination. Method: Participants (N = 150) were randomized to guided self-help, unguided self-help, and wait-list control. Outcome measures were administered before and after treatment, or weekly throughout the treatment period. They included the Pure Procrastination Scale, the Irrational Procrastination Scale, the Susceptibility to Temptation Scale, the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale−Self-report version, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment, and the Quality of Life Inventory. The intention-to-treat principle was used for all statistical analyses. Results: Mixed-effects models revealed moderate between-groups effect sizes comparing guided and unguided self-help with wait-list control; the Pure Procrastination Scale, Cohen’s d = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.29, 1.10], and d = 0.50, 95% CI [0.10, 0.90], and the Irrational Procrastination Scale, d = 0.81 95% CI [0.40, 1.22], and d = 0.69 95% CI [0.29, 1.09]. Clinically significant change was achieved among 31.3–40.0% for guided self-help, compared with 24.0–36.0% for unguided self-help. Neither of the treatment conditions was found to be superior on any of the outcome measures, Fs(98, 65.17−72.55)< 1.70, p >.19. Conclusion: Internet-based CBT could be useful for managing self-reported difficulties due to procrastination, both with and without the guidance of a therapist.
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| 7. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the impact of negative effects during a smartphone-based treatment for social anxiety disorder : A correlational study
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Negative effects of treatments delivered online constitute an important but unexplored area of research. In the current study, data collected from a smartphone-based treatment for social anxiety disorder (total N =189) was assessed in order to determine the influence of negative effects on treatment outcome. A new self-report measure for reporting negative effects was developed, and the scores were correlated with the change from pre- to post-treatment assessment on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. The results indicate that the number of incidents, r = .175, and the degree to which the patient was affected by the negative effects, r = .192, were related to less change in symptom severity. In terms of the most recurring types of negative effects, patients reported that they had a bad conscience about not conducting their assignments (Item 16), being stressed by the treatment schedule (Item 2), and feeling left out during treatment (Item 55).
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| 8. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the impact of negative effects during a smartphone-based treatment for social anxiety disorder : A correlational study
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Negative effects of psychological treatments constitute an important but largely unexplored area of research. Prior investigations have indicated that approximately 5-10% of all patients receiving face-to-face treatments deteriorate. In addition, other types of negative effects could exist as well, for instance, novel symptoms, social stigma, and interpersonal difficulties, but have been studied to a lesser extent. Meanwhile, negative effects are also assumed to occur in psychological treatments delivered online, but their incidence and impact is still unknown. In the current study, data collected from a smartphone-based treatment for social anxiety disorder (total N =189) was assessed in order to determine the influence of negative effects on treatment outcome. A new self-report measure for reporting negative effects was developed through a comprehensive literature search and a review of similar instruments for face-to-face treatments, consisting of sixty items scored on a five-point Likert-scale. Change from pre- to post-treatment assessment on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale was correlated with the frequency and impact of negative effects, indicating that the number of incidents, r = .175, and the degree to which the patient was affected by the negative effects, r = .192, were related to less change in symptom severity. However, no sociodemographic variables or degree of social anxiety at baseline had a relationship with negative effects during treatment. In terms of the most recurring types of negative effects, patients reported that they had a bad conscience about not conducting their assignments (Item 16), being stressed by the treatment schedule (Item 2), and feeling left out during treatment (Item 55).
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| 9. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Negative effects of Internet interventions : A qualitative content analysis of patients' experiences with treatments delivered online
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1650-6073 .- 1651-2316. ; 44:3, s. 223-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet interventions are defined as the delivery of health care-related treatments via an online or a smartphone interface, and have been shown to be a viable alternative to face-to-face treatments. However, not all patients benefit from such treatments, and it is possible that some may experience negative effects. Investigations of face-to-face treatments indicate that deterioration occurs in 5-10% of all patients. The nature and scope of other negative effects of Internet interventions is, however, largely unknown. Hence, the current study explored patients' reported negative experiences while undergoing treatments delivered via the Internet. Data from four large clinical trials (total N=558) revealed that 9.3% of patients reported some type of negative effects. Qualitative content analysis was used to explore the patients' responses to open-ended questions regarding their negative experiences. Results yielded two broad categories and four subcategories of negative effects: patient-related negative effects (insight and symptom) and treatment-related negative effects (implementation and format). Results emphasize the importance of always considering negative effects in Internet-based interventions, and point to several ways of preventing such experiences, including regular assessment of negative events, increasing the flexibility of treatment schedules and therapist contact, as well as prolonging the treatment duration.
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| 10. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Negative effects of Internet interventions : A qualitative content analysis of patients’ experiences with treatments delivered online
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet interventions have been shown to be a viable alternative to face-to-face treatments. However, not all patients benefit from such treatments, and it is possible that some may experience negative effects. The current study explored patients’ reported negative experiences while undergoing treatments delivered via the Internet. Data from four large clinical trials (total N = 558) revealed that 9.3% of patients encountered some type of negative effects. Qualitative content analysis was used to explore the patients’ responses to open-ended questions regarding their negative experiences. Results yielded two broad categories and four subcategories of negative effects: patient-related negative effects (insight and symptom) and treatment-related negative effects (implementation and format). Results emphasize the importance of always considering negative effects in Internet-based interventions, and point to several ways of preventing such experiences, including regular assessment of negative events, increasing the flexibility of treatment schedules and therapist contact, and prolonging the treatment duration.
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