| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Carmine, G., et al.
(författare)
-
Who is the high seas fishing industry?
- 2020
-
Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 3:6, s. 730-738
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seafood companies rarely disclose what or where they are fishing. To provide a first overview of the fishing industry in the high seas-the area beyond national jurisdiction-we linked fishing activity in the high seas to vessel owners and corporate actors. We identified 1,120 corporate actors for 2,482 vessels (similar to 2/3 of high seas fishing vessels and effort in 2018) and found that the top 100 corporate actors account for 36% of all high seas fishing effort. As attribution for anthropogenic activities expands beyond a national framework, we demonstrate the feasibility of methods to identify the high seas fishing industry. These results provide a unique lens through which to view accountability for the use and protection of marine biodiversity.
|
|
| 3. |
- Falgas, N., et al.
(författare)
-
Contribution of CSF biomarkers to early-onset Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia neuroimaging signatures
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - : Wiley. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 41:8, s. 2004-2013
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prior studies have described distinct patterns of brain gray matter and white matter alterations in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), as well as differences in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers profiles. We aim to investigate the relationship between early‐onset AD (EOAD) and FTLD structural alterations and CSF biomarker levels. We included 138 subjects (64 EOAD, 26 FTLD, and 48 controls), all of them with a 3T MRI brain scan and CSF biomarkers available (the 42 amino acid‐long form of the amyloid‐beta protein [Aβ42], total‐tau protein [T‐tau], neurofilament light chain [NfL], neurogranin [Ng], and 14‐3‐3 levels). We used FreeSurfer and FSL to obtain cortical thickness (CTh) and fraction anisotropy (FA) maps. We studied group differences in CTh and FA and described the “AD signature” and “FTLD signature.” We tested multiple regression models to find which CSF‐biomarkers better explained each disease neuroimaging signature. CTh and FA maps corresponding to the AD and FTLD signatures were in accordance with previous literature. Multiple regression analyses showed that the biomarkers that better explained CTh values within the AD signature were Aβ and 14‐3‐3; whereas NfL and 14‐3‐3 levels explained CTh values within the FTLD signature. Similarly, NfL levels explained FA values in the FTLD signature. Ng levels were not predictive in any of the models. Biochemical markers contribute differently to structural (CTh and FA) changes typical of AD and FTLD.
|
|
| 4. |
- Sala, Simone, et al.
(författare)
-
Pulse-to-pulse wavefront sensing at free-electron lasers using ptychography
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of applied crystallography. - : INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. - 0021-8898 .- 1600-5767. ; 53, s. 949-956
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pressing need for knowledge of the detailed wavefront properties of ultra-bright and ultra-short pulses produced by free-electron lasers has spurred the development of several complementary characterization approaches. Here a method based on ptychography is presented that can retrieve high-resolution complex-valued wavefunctions of individual pulses without strong constraints on the illumination or sample object used. The technique is demonstrated within experimental conditions suited for diffraction experiments and exploiting Kirkpatrick-Baez focusing optics. This lensless technique, applicable to many other short-pulse instruments, can achieve diffraction-limited resolution.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Bjorn, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Review of life-cycle based methods for absolute environmental sustainability assessment and their applications
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 1748-9326 .- 1748-9318. ; 15:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many regions and at the planetary scale, human pressures on the environment exceed levels that natural systems can sustain. These pressures are caused by networks of human activities, which often extend across countries and continents due to global trade. This has led to an increasing requirement for methods that enable absolute environmental sustainability assessment (AESA) of anthropogenic systems and which have a basis in life cycle assessment (LCA). Such methods enable the comparison of environmental impacts of products, companies, nations, etc, with an assigned share of environmental carrying capacity for various impact categories. This study is the first systematic review of LCA-based AESA methods and their applications. After developing a framework for LCA-based AESA methods, we identified 45 relevant studies through an initial survey, database searches and citation analysis. We characterized these studies according to their intended application, impact categories, basis of carrying capacity estimates, spatial differentiation of environmental model and principles for assigning carrying capacity. We then characterized all method applications and synthesized their results. Based on this assessment, we present recommendations to practitioners on the selection and use of existing LCA-based AESA methods, as well as ways to perform assessments and communicate results to decision-makers. Furthermore, we identify future research priorities intended to extend coverage of all components of the proposed method framework, improve modeling and increase the applicability of methods. © 2020 The Author(s).
|
|
| 7. |
- Fumagalli, R., et al.
(författare)
-
Mobile orbitons in Ca2CuO3: Crucial role of Hund's exchange
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9969 .- 2469-9950. ; 101:20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the CuL3 edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra of a quasi-1D antiferromagnet Ca2CuO3. In addition to the magnetic excitations, which are well-described by the two-spinon continuum, we observe two dispersive orbital excitations, the 3d(xy) and the 3d(yz) orbitons. We carry out a quantitative comparison of the RIXS spectra, obtained with two distinct incident polarizations, with a theoretical model. We show that any realistic spin-orbital model needs to include a finite, but realistic, Hund's exchange J(H) approximate to 0.5 eV. Its main effect is an increase in orbiton velocities, so that their theoretically calculated values match those observed experimentally. Even though Hund's exchange also mediates some interaction between spinon and orbiton, the picture of spin-orbit separation remains intact and describes orbiton motion in this compound.
|
|
| 8. |
- Mila-Aloma, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Amyloid beta, tau, synaptic, neurodegeneration, and glial biomarkers in the preclinical stage of the Alzheimer's continuum
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Alzheimers & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 16:10, s. 1358-1371
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The biological pathways involved in the preclinical stage of the Alzheimer's continuum are not well understood. Methods: We used NeuroToolKit and Elecsys (R) immunoassays to measure cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-beta (A beta)42, A beta 40, phosphorylated tau (p-tau), total tau (t-tau), neurofilament light (NfL), neurogranin, sTREM2, YKL40, GFAP, IL6, S100, and alpha-synuclein in cognitively unimpaired participants of the ALFA+ study, many within the Alzheimer's continuum. Results: CSF t-tau, p-tau, and neurogranin increase throughout aging only in A beta-positive individuals, whereas NfL and glial biomarkers increase with aging regardless of A beta status. We modelled biomarker changes as a function of CSF A beta 42/40, p-tau and p-tau/A beta 42 as proxies of disease progression. The first change observed in the Alzheimer's continuum was a decrease in the CSF A4 beta 42/40 ratio. This is followed by a steep increase in CSF p-tau; t-tau; neurogranin; and, to a lesser extent, in NfL and glial biomarkers. Discussion: Multiple biological pathways are altered and could be targeted very early in the Alzheimer's continuum.
|
|
| 9. |
- Serhan, Charles N., et al.
(författare)
-
The Atlas of Inflammation Resolution (AIR)
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Molecular Aspects of Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0098-2997 .- 1872-9452. ; 74
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute inflammation is a protective reaction by the immune system in response to invading pathogens or tissue damage. Ideally, the response should be localized, self-limited, and returning to homeostasis. If not resolved, acute inflammation can result in organ pathologies leading to chronic inflammatory phenotypes. Acute inflammation and inflammation resolution are complex coordinated processes, involving a number of cell types, interacting in space and time. The biomolecular complexity and the fact that several biomedical fields are involved, make a multi- and interdisciplinary approach necessary. The Atlas of Inflammation Resolution (AIR) is a web-based resource capturing an essential part of the state-of-the-art in acute inflammation and inflammation resolution research. The AIR provides an interface for users to search thousands of interactions, arranged in inter-connected multi-layers of process diagrams, covering a wide range of clinically relevant phenotypes. By mapping experimental data onto the AIR, it can be used to elucidate drug action as well as molecular mechanisms underlying different disease phenotypes. For the visualization and exploration of information, the AIR uses the Minerva platform, which is a well-established tool for the presentation of disease maps. The molecular details of the AIR are encoded using international standards. The AIR was created as a freely accessible resource, supporting research and education in the fields of acute inflammation and inflammation resolution. The AIR connects research communities, facilitates clinical decision making, and supports research scientists in the formulation and validation of hypotheses. The AIR is accessible through https://air.bio.informatik.uni-rostock.de.
|
|
| 10. |
- Westwood, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
-
Validation of Plasma Proteomic Biomarkers Relating to Brain Amyloid Burden in the EMIF-Alzheimer's Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery Cohort
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 74:1, s. 213-225
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously investigated, discovered, and replicated plasma protein biomarkers for use to triage potential trials participants for PET or cerebrospinal fluid measures of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. This study sought to undertake validation of these candidate plasma biomarkers in a large, multi-center sample collection. Targeted plasma analyses of 34 proteins with prior evidence for prediction of in vivo pathology were conducted in up to 1,000 samples from cognitively healthy elderly individuals, people with mild cognitive impairment, and in patients with AD-type dementia, selected from the EMIF-AD catalogue. Proteins were measured using Luminex xMAP, ELISA, and Meso Scale Discovery assays. Seven proteins replicated in their ability to predict in vivo amyloid pathology. These proteins form a biomarker panel that, along with age, could significantly discriminate between individuals with high and low amyloid pathology with an area under the curve of 0.74. The performance of this biomarker panel remained consistent when tested in apolipoprotein E ɛ4 non-carrier individuals only. This blood-based panel is biologically relevant, measurable using practical immunocapture arrays, and could significantly reduce the cost incurred to clinical trials through screen failure.
|
|
