| 1. |
- Hendrikx, Tijn, et al.
(författare)
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Intermittent short ECG recording is more effective than 24-hour Holter ECG in detection of arrhythmias
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2261 .- 1471-2261. ; 14, s. 41-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many patients report symptoms of palpitations or dizziness/presyncope. These patients are often referred for 24-hour Holter ECG, although the sensitivity for detecting relevant arrhythmias is comparatively low. Intermittent short ECG recording over a longer time period might be a convenient and more sensitive alternative. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of 24-hour Holter ECG with intermittent short ECG recording over four weeks to detect relevant arrhythmias in patients with palpitations or dizziness/presyncope.Methods:Design: prospective, observational, cross-sectional study. Setting: Clinical Physiology, University Hospital. Patients: 108 consecutive patients referred for ambiguous palpitations or dizziness/presyncope.Interventions: All individuals underwent a 24-hour Holter ECG and additionally registered 30-second handheld ECG (Zenicor EKG ((R)) thumb) recordings at home, twice daily and when having cardiac symptoms, during 28 days.Main outcome measures: Significant arrhythmias: atrial fibrillation (AF), paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), atrioventricular (AV) block II-III, sinus arrest (SA), wide complex tachycardia (WCT).Results: 95 patients, 42 men and 53 women with a mean age of 54.1 years, completed registrations. Analysis of Holter registrations showed atrial fibrillation (AF) in two patients and atrioventricular (AV) block II in one patient (= 3.2% relevant arrhythmias [95% CI 1.1-8.9]). Intermittent handheld ECG detected nine patients with AF, three with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) and one with AV-block-II (= 13.7% relevant arrhythmias [95% CI 8.2-22.0]). There was a significant difference between the two methods in favour of intermittent ECG with regard to the ability to detect relevant arrhythmias (P = 0.0094). With Holter ECG, no symptoms were registered during any of the detected arrhythmias. With intermittent ECG, symptoms were registered during half of the arrhythmia episodes.Conclusions: Intermittent short ECG recording during four weeks is more effective in detecting AF and PSVT in patients with ambiguous symptoms arousing suspicions of arrhythmia than 24-hour Holter ECG.
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| 2. |
- Hendrikx, Tijn, et al.
(författare)
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Screening for atrial fibrillation with baseline and intermittent ECG recording in an out-of-hospital population
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - London : BioMed Central. - 1471-2261 .- 1471-2261. ; 13, s. 41-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: the objective of this study is to investigate the detection rate of undiagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) with short intermittent ECG recordings during four weeks among out-of-hospital patients, having at least one additional risk factor (CHADS2) for stroke.METHOD: Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Eight family practice centres and two hospital-based out-patient clinics in Sweden. Subjects: 989 out-of-hospital patients, without known AF, having one or more risk factors associated with stroke (CHADS2). Interventions: All individuals were asked to perform 10-second handheld ECG recordings during 28 days, twice daily and when having palpitations. Main outcome measures: Episodes of AF on handheld ECG recordings were defined as irregular supraventricular extrasystoles in series with a duration of 10 seconds.RESULTS: 928 patients completed registration. AF was found in 35 of 928 patients; 3.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7--5.2). These 35 patients had a mean age of 70.7 years (SD +/- 7.7; range 53--85) and a median CHADS2 of 2 (range 1--4).CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent handheld ECG recording over a four week period had a detection rate of 3.8% newly diagnosed AF, in a population of 928 out-of-hospital patients having at least one additional risk factor for stroke. Intermittent handheld ECG registration is a feasible method to detect AF in patients with an increased risk of stroke in whom oral anticoagulation (OAC) treatment is indicated.
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| 3. |
- Holman, Rury R., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Nateglinide on the Incidence of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Events
- 2010
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 362:16, s. 1463-1476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND The ability of short-acting insulin secretagogues to reduce the risk of diabetes or cardiovascular events in people with impaired glucose tolerance is unknown. METHODS In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, we assigned 9306 participants with impaired glucose tolerance and either cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors to receive nateglinide (up to 60 mg three times daily) or placebo, in a 2-by-2 factorial design with valsartan or placebo, in addition to participation in a lifestyle modification program. We followed the participants for a median of 5.0 years for incident diabetes (and a median of 6.5 years for vital status). We evaluated the effect of nateglinide on the occurrence of three coprimary outcomes: the development of diabetes; a core cardiovascular outcome that was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure; and an extended cardiovascular outcome that was a composite of the individual components of the core composite cardiovascular outcome, hospitalization for unstable angina, or arterial revascularization. RESULTS After adjustment for multiple testing, nateglinide, as compared with placebo, did not significantly reduce the cumulative incidence of diabetes (36% and 34%, respectively; hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00 to 1.15; P = 0.05), the core composite cardiovascular outcome (7.9% and 8.3%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.94, 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.09; P = 0.43), or the extended composite cardiovascular outcome (14.2% and 15.2%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.93, 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.03; P = 0.16). Nateglinide did, however, increase the risk of hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS Among persons with impaired glucose tolerance and established cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors, assignment to nateglinide for 5 years did not reduce the incidence of diabetes or the coprimary composite cardiovascular outcomes. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00097786.)
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| 4. |
- Jutterström, Lena, 1965-
(författare)
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Illness integration, self-management and patient-centred support in type 2 diabetes
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Type 2 diabetes is a serious disease that is increasing globally. The focus of diabetes care has been to prevent diabetes related complications and thereby reduce mortality. An older population, the disease progression and decreased ability to perform self-management activities increases the risk for complications. Group education and patient-centred care are recommended to improve self-management through increased patient empowerment. Despite these recommendations, professionals have been reluctant to adopt these methods referring to lack of knowledge, time and tools to deliver patient-centred care in diabetes. Focusing on the patient’s illness integration process has in the literature been suggested to improve self-management and metabolic balance.Aim: The overall aim of the thesis was to describe the experiences of illness integration, self-management and support in type 2 diabetes and to evaluate the metabolic effects of a nurse-led patient-centred model for self-management support.Methods: The study setting was primary health care in Västerbotten County, Sweden. In total, 21 diabetes nurses (Study I) and 257 patients (Studies II-IV) participated in the four studies (Study II, n=44; Study III, n= 18; Study IV, n= 195). Data consisted of focus group interviews (Study I), individual semi-structured interviews (Studies II-III) and laboratory measurements (Study IV). Methods for analyses were qualitative content analysis (Studies I-III) and statistics (Study IV).Results: Study I revealed that diabetes nurses found the ideal diabetes care complex to achieve. Conflicting paradigms, power relations and departmentalisation of work were described. Study II describes a process whereby illness integration and self-management in type 2 diabetes develop simultaneously. When a turning-point occurs, people view self-management as both necessary and feasible. In study III, turning points in self-management are illuminated. Turning-point transitions include existential and emotional aspects that increase inner motivation and power for lifestyle change. Study IV evaluates the effects of a nurse-led intervention in which haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was significantly decreased at 12 months’ follow-up. Group intervention and individual intervention were both effective compared to traditional diabetes care.Conclusions: There is a potential for improvement of type 2 diabetes care. Increased patient-centredness is important to support patients towards illness integration and self-management. Focusing on the patients’ illness experiences, including the existential and emotional aspects of having and managing type 2 diabetes, in counselling can lead to improved self-management and glycaemic control. Patients’ experiences of illness are central to their inner motives for change, and patient-centred self-management support and patient education preferably emanate from this perspective.
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| 5. |
- Jutterström, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Turning points in self-management of type 2 diabetes
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Diabetes Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1551-7853 .- 1551-7861. ; 9:2, s. 46-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A turning point is described in the literature as a powerful emotional experience or insight leading to a fundamental change in a person’s life, and requires a new way of managing the illness. However, turning points are not sufficiently described in the literature, particularly not with respect to diabetes.The aim of this study was to throw light on turning points in self-management asdescribed by people with type 2 diabetes.Eighteen participants diagnosed with type 2 diabetes within the previous two years, and who received treatment in primary health care, were invited to participate. Semi-structured interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.The findings demonstrated that the turning point in self-management among individuals living with type 2 diabetes included four themes: being in a life and death struggle, being at a crossroads with no return, being the one who decides, and being the one who can change the outcome.Turning point transitions include existential and emotional aspects that can increase inner motivation and power for changed behaviour. Turning points are possible to identify, and self-management could be facilitated if more attention is paid to the emotional and existential aspects of having an illness.
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| 6. |
- Liljeholm, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type III (CDA III) is caused by a mutation in kinesin family member, KIF23
- 2013
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Ingår i: Blood. - Washington : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 121:23, s. 4791-4799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Haplotype analysis and targeted next-generation resequencing allowed us to identify a mutation in the KIF23 gene and to show its association with an autosomal dominant form of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type III (CDA III). The region at 15q23 where CDA III was mapped in a large Swedish family was targeted by array-based sequence capture in a female diagnosed with CDA III and her healthy sister. Prioritization of all detected sequence changes revealed 10 variants unique for the CDA III patient. Among those variants, a novel mutation c.2747C>G (p.P916R) was found in KIF23, which encodes mitotic kinesin-like protein 1 (MKLP1). This variant segregates with CDA III in the Swedish and American families but was not found in 356 control individuals. RNA expression of the 2 known splice isoforms of KIF23 as well as a novel one lacking the exons 17 and 18 was detected in a broad range of human tissues. RNA interference-based knock-down and rescue experiments demonstrated that the p.P916R mutation causes cytokinesis failure in HeLa cells, consistent with appearance of large multinucleated erythroblasts in CDA III patients. We conclude that CDA III is caused by a mutation in KIF23/MKLP1, a conserved mitotic kinesin crucial for cytokinesis.
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| 7. |
- Liljeholm, Maria, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Erythrocyte Flow Cytometric Analysis in Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Type III-Evaluation of Eosin-5´-Maleimide, CD55, and CD59
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Blood Disorders & Transfusion. - : OMICS International. - 2155-9864. ; 121:23, s. 4791-4799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Flow cytometry with eosin-5´-maleimide (EMA), anti-CD55 and anti-CD59 is commonly used when investigating non-autoimmune hemolytic anemias. Reduced fluorescence of EMA, typically detected in hereditary spherocytosis is also seen in congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (CDA II). Reduction of CD55 and CD59 characterizes paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). We studied the flow cytometric profile of EMA, CD55 and CD59 on erythrocytes in congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type III (CDA III). Methods: Erythrocytes from 16 CDA III positive individuals, 14 CDA III negative relatives and three normal controls per assay were studied with flow cytometry after EMA staining. Flow cytometry after anti-CD55 and anti- CD59 was performed on erythrocytes from 12 CDA III positive and 7 CDA III negative relatives with one normal control per assay. Results: CDA III - erythrocytes exhibited marginally stronger fluorescence after EMA-staining than normal controls. Correlation between EMA fluorescence and erythrocyte volume was confirmed. CDA III subjects did not differ from normal controls concerning CD55 and CD59. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate no abnormality of the erythrocyte membrane in CDA III and show that standard flow cytometry cannot be used to discriminate between CDA III and normal controls.
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| 8. |
- Lundberg, Thorbjörn, 1965-
(författare)
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Assessment of tympanic membrane : a study of children with otitis media in general practice
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common disease in children and is causing great discomfort and disability worldwide but many areas are underserved regarding skilled professional. Tele-otology offers a promising technique to provide ear health globally. Diagnostic accuracy of AOM has regardless of method been found to be low. Grading the severity of AOM my offer a guide in decision on antibiotic treatment, however grading systems need improvement.Aim To describe and evaluate imaging of the tympanic membrane (TM), develop an image based grading scale for AOM and to study the characteristics and the course of acute otitis media (AOM) episodes in children with the use of telemedicine techniques.Method This thesis is based on two study populations, 63 children attending with othalgia at four primary health care centers in rural Sweden (papers I, II, IV) and 140 children attending a health clinic from a township in Johannesburg, South Africa, (paper III).Paper I: Image quality of endoscopic imaging of TM´s, from the Swedish study was assessed by an otologist and two general practitioners together with an evaluation of important characteristics of assessing TM appearance.Paper II: In development and validation of an image-based grading scale of AOM two expert panels of otologist’s evaluated the proposed grading scale stepwise and in a test and retest validation process.Paper III: A test of the scale in a clinical situation was set up, an otologist oto-microscopically examined children and used the grading scale, and his diagnoses were set as gold standard. A specially trained ear and hearing facilitator then recorded videos of the TM using video-otoscopy. Videos were remotely assessed by the same otologist and by a general practitioner twice; 4 and 8 weeks after the otologist’s on-site grading.Paper IV: Children with othalgia were followed with assessments of their symptoms and signs over a period of 3 months. An assessment group of two general practitioners and one otologist evaluated TM images, tympanograms and recorded symptoms and make a diagnose.Results The results from paper I show that image quality was good and the position and transparency of the TM was found to be the most important characteristics when assessing TM. In paper II the new grading scale (OMGRADE) was developed and validated. The image-based scale focuses on the position and transparency of the TM. The results from paper III showed that the OMGRADE scale could discriminate the normal ear as well as ears with otitis media with effusion (OME) in an unselected pediatric population. Paper IV showed that the bilateral AOM had more severe symptoms. The children with chagrinated TM’s took the longest time to resolve regarding TM appearance and tympanograms. Furthermore, symptoms resolved quicker than TM changes and tympanograms during the first week.Conclusions TM images or video recordings taken by a trained nurse or facilitator are sufficient for remote evaluation. The new grading scale of TM appearance is valid and reliable and may function as a diagnostic guide together with evaluation of middle ear effusion. TM appearance may be of importance in grading the severity of an AOM episode.
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| 9. |
- Lundberg, Thorbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Development and Validation of a New Grading Scale for Otitis Media
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. - 0891-3668 .- 1532-0987. ; 32:4, s. 341-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Grading of acute otitis media (AOM) is important in clinical situations as well as in research. Current grading scales for AOM have used a 6 to 9 point scoring system primarily based on variation of redness and bulging of the tympanic membrane (TM). This study aimed to develop and validate a new scale for grading AOM. Method: The scale was developed in 3 stages based on 32 patients with images taken of the TM when a child attended healthcare centre with othalgia and at follow-up visits. Content validity was used as the method for the first 2 stages. An expert panel reviewed the scale and repeated the process on a revised scale. Reliability was tested with a different expert panel that used the final scale on a sample of TM images in a test-retest and inter-rater and intra-rater agreements were calculated. Results: The scale was developed in 3 steps using expert committees. During the process the description of vascularization was judged to be of insufficient importance for our scale. Inter-rater agreement was moderate (kappa = 0.52) and intra-rater agreement was good (kappa = 0.66 to 0.89) in the test-retest of the final scale. Conclusions: The developed AOM image-based grading scale demonstrates substantial inter- and intra-rater reliability with potential use in clinical research and telemedicine applications. Furthermore, the parameter "redness of TM" is of less importance in our scale as compared with other available grading systems.
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| 10. |
- Lundberg, Thorbjörn, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Remote evaluation of video-otoscopy recordings in an unselected pediatric population with an otitis media scale
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 78:9, s. 1489-1495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A recently validated image-based grading scale for acute otitis media (OMGRADE) can be used to assess tympanic membrane (TM) status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of this scale for remote assessments of TM status using video-otoscopy recordings in an unselected pediatric population.Method: Children 2-16 years attending a South African primary health clinic were offered an ear examination by an otologist using otomicroscopy. An ear and hearing telehealth facilitator then made video-otoscopy recordings (9 – 33 seconds) of the ears and uptakes were uploaded to a secure server for remote assessments in Sweden by an otologist and general practitioner at four- and eight-weeks post onsite assessment. TM appearance was judged according to the OMGRADE scale. Concordance between onsite otomicroscopy and asynchronous assessments of video-otoscopy recordings was calculated together with intra- and inter-rater agreements.Results: One hundred and eighty ears were included. Concordance of TM classifications using the OMGRADE scale was found to be substantial (weighted kappa range 0,66-0,79). Intra- and inter-rater agreement (test-retest) was found to be substantial to almost perfect (weighted kappa range 0,85-0,88 and 0,69-0,72, respectively).Conclusion: The OMGRADE scale can be used to accurately assess the normal TM and secretory otitis media (SOM) remotely using video-otoscopy recordings in an unselected pediatric population.
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