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- Loden, M, et al.
(författare)
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A double-blind study comparing the effect of glycerin and urea on dry, eczematous skin in atopic patients
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 82:1, s. 45-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Moisturizing creams have beneficial effects in the treatment of dry, scaly skin, but they may induce adverse skin reactions. In a randomized double-blind study, 197 patients with atopic dermatitis were treated with one of the following: a new moisturizing cream with 20% glycerin, its cream base without glycerin as placebo, or a cream with 4% urea and 4% sodium chloride. The patients were asked to apply the cream at least once daily for 30 days. Adverse skin reactions and changes in skin dryness were assessed by the patient and a dermatologist. Adverse skin reactions such as smarting (a sharp local superficial sensation) were felt significantly less among patients using the 20% glycerin cream compared with the urea-saline cream, because 10% of the patients judged the smarting as severe or moderate when using glycerin cream, whereas 24% did so using urea-saline cream (p
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- Andersson, T, et al.
(författare)
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Degradation of low density polyethylene during extrusion. I. Volatile compounds in smoke from extruded films
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science. - : Wiley. - 1097-4628 .- 0021-8995. ; 86:7, s. 1580-1586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many problems with odor and taste in food packaging can be traced to degradation of the packaging materials during processing. From this starting point, the degradation of polyethylene in a commercial extrusion coating process was studied by analyzing degradation products present in smoke sampled at the extruder die orifice. Two low-density polyethylenes, A and B, with similar melt flow indexes and densities and obtained from different producers, were investigated. A third polymer, C, consisting of recycled material B, was also investigated. More than 40 aliphatic aldehydes and ketones, together with 14 different carboxylic acids, were identified in the smoke. The highest concentration was found for acetaldehyde, regardless of polymer and processing conditions. Increasing the extrusion temperatures in the range 280-325 degreesC increased the amounts of the oxidized products in the smoke. The extruded film thickness, 12 and 25 mum, influenced the concentrations of degradation products, With the thicker film giving higher amounts of product. The recycled polymer C generally gave lower concentrations of degradation products compared with the virgin polymer B. Difference ill the product spectrum between the two virgin polymers may be related to differences in the manufacturing process, Many of the identified compounds have very characteristic taste and smell and are consequently of interest fron on odor and taste point of view in food packaging applications. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 10. |
- Sandstrom, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Highly selective iNOS inhibition and sphincter of Oddi motility in the Australian possum
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 181:3, s. 321-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays a major role in acute pancreatitis. Selective inhibitors of iNOS are being developed as therapeutic agents. Sphincter of Oddi (SO) dysfunction may cause pancreatitis and nitric oxide is necessary for SO relaxation. A new highly selective iNOS inhibitor, AR-C102222AA (AR-C), is evaluated together with the established iNOS inhibitor, l-N6-(1-iminoethyl)lysine (l-NIL), and the selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) blocker S-methyl-l-thiocitrulline (SMTC).Methods: In anaesthetized Australian Brush-tailed possums, the effect of topical, i.v. or i.a. administration of these drugs was evaluated on spontaneous SO motility, blood pressure (BP) and pancreatic vascular perfusion. SO motility was recorded by manometry and pancreatic vascular perfusion by laser Doppler fluxmetry. Also, the effect of SMTC and AR-C on electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced non-cholinergic non-adrenergic (NANC) SO relaxation in vitro was evaluated.Results: Infusion of AR-C (0.1–30 μmol kg−1) increased SO contraction frequency (P = 0.026) only at the two highest doses. l-NIL infusion (0.15 to 14.7 μmol kg−1) also increased SO contraction frequency at 8.8 μmol kg−1 (P < 0.05) and reduced SO contraction amplitude at the two highest doses (P < 0.05). SMTC injections (0.5 nmol–2.4 μmol) produced a dose-dependent increase in SO contraction frequency (P = 0.009), but no effect was seen on the other parameters. In vitro SMTC (40–400 μm) inhibited EFS-induced NANC relaxation in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.0005). In contrast AR-C (10–500 μm) had no effect on EFS-induced NANC relaxation (P > 0.05).Conclusions: At low doses, AR-C does not effect SO motility or EFS-induced NO mediated relaxation. However, high doses of AR-C and L-NIL in vivo influenced SO motility by inhibiting nNOS activity and these effects need be considered in relation to therapeutic doses of this agent.
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