| 1. |
- Ostaszewski, Marek, et al.
(författare)
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COVID19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of virus-host interaction mechanisms
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Systems Biology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1744-4292 .- 1744-4292. ; 17:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We need to effectively combine the knowledge from surging literature with complex datasets to propose mechanistic models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, improving data interpretation and predicting key targets of intervention. Here, we describe a large-scale community effort to build an open access, interoperable and computable repository of COVID-19 molecular mechanisms. The COVID-19 Disease Map (C19DMap) is a graphical, interactive representation of disease-relevant molecular mechanisms linking many knowledge sources. Notably, it is a computational resource for graph-based analyses and disease modelling. To this end, we established a framework of tools, platforms and guidelines necessary for a multifaceted community of biocurators, domain experts, bioinformaticians and computational biologists. The diagrams of the C19DMap, curated from the literature, are integrated with relevant interaction and text mining databases. We demonstrate the application of network analysis and modelling approaches by concrete examples to highlight new testable hypotheses. This framework helps to find signatures of SARS-CoV-2 predisposition, treatment response or prioritisation of drug candidates. Such an approach may help deal with new waves of COVID-19 or similar pandemics in the long-term perspective.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Fazey, Ioan, et al.
(författare)
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Transforming knowledge systems for life on Earth : Visions of future systems and how to get there
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.
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| 4. |
- Jansson, Märit, et al.
(författare)
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Rum för skolans utemiljö – Fördjupad analys kring yta för förskolegård och skolgård
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forskningen visar att skolgårdar och förskolegårdar fyller många viktiga funktioner, där tillräcklig yta är en grundförutsättning för att kunna skapa och bibehålla kvalitet. Den här rapporten undersöker vilken forskningslitteratur som finns om storlek på friytor kopplat till barns lek, lärande och hälsa, om måtten kan preciseras beroende på barns ålder, könstillhörighet eller funktionsvariation, samt placeringens och gestaltningens roll i säkerställandet av utemiljöers kvalitet. Mycket behöver rymmas för att dessa ytor ska kunna främja barns hälsosamma utveckling, samt bidra till skolverksamhet och lokalsamhälle. Men varje skolgårds kontext är också unik, där många olika faktorer spelar roll. Trots omfattande forskning om skolgårdar har studier ofta svårt att få med komplexiteten kring hur yta som grundförutsättning kan kopplas till olika funktioner. Forskning pekar ut ytstorlekens betydelse för fysisk aktivitet hos barn, ibland kopplat till andra funktioner eller kvaliteter, men sällan till barns möjlighet att interagera med och uppleva vegetation och gröna miljöer, här förstått som naturkontakt, eller till skolgårdslandskapet som helhet med dess gestaltning, innehåll och verksamhet.Det finns gott forskningsstöd för skolgårdens stora betydelse för barns hälsosamma utveckling, samt till stor del dess värde för skolverksamhet och lokalsamhälle, men inte tillräckligt mycket systematiska rön för att tydliga gränsvärden för ytstorlekar ska kunna sättas. En sammantagen bild av forskningen visar dock att ytstorlekar har stor betydelse, eftersom de krävs för att rymma en gestaltning med en mängd olika typer av platser och element som tillsammans skapar god funktion. Tre grundläggande kvaliteter i skolgårdens landskap är i det som främjar barns fysiska aktivitet (bland annat ytstorlek, lösa lekobjekt, fast lekutrustning, dynamik i gestaltningen, slingrande gångar, hårdgjorda ytor, sportytor, varierad topografi, vegetation), det som främjar naturkontakt kopplat till lärande, lek och återhämtning (bland annat träd, natur, vegetation, odling) samt det som stödjer socialt liv (bland annat gröna, varierade miljöer, lösa lekobjekt, fasta lekutrustning, inkluderande gestaltningsinslag).Skolgårdar på över 10 000 kvm och förskolegårdar på över 6 000 kvm tycks ha särskilt goda förutsättningar att rymma alla dessa funktioner. Alltför små ytor begränsar leken och aktiviteten och kan ge upphov till problem såsom aggressivt eller undvikande beteende hos barn, låg fysisk aktivitet och fetma. Trängsel gör det dessutom svårt att uppnå god social samvaro, med plats för barn med olika ålder, könstillhörighet och funktionsvariation. Små ytor riskerar dessutom att innebära slitage som försämrar utemiljöns kvalitet och minskar barns naturkontakt. Yngre barn, i förskola och skolans yngre årskurser, är särskilt beroende av både stora ytor och naturkontakt, medan äldre barn dessutom är beroende av att ytor för möten, fysisk aktivitet och naturkontakt bildar en välfungerande helhet genom en god gestaltning.
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| 5. |
- Jansson, Märit, et al.
(författare)
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Yta och kvalitet på skolgård och förskolegård
- 2021
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Ingår i: Movium Fakta. - 2001-2357.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Vad vet man idag om relationen mellan yta och kvalitet i förskolors och skolors utemiljö? Frågan har stått i fokus för en litteraturstudie initierad av Boverket. Här presenteras resultaten.
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| 6. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 7. |
- Kisgeropoulos, Effie C., et al.
(författare)
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Key Structural Motifs Balance Metal Binding and Oxidative Reactivity in a Heterobimetallic Mn/Fe Protein
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 142:11, s. 5338-5354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterobimetallic Mn/Fe proteins represent a new cofactor paradigm in bioinorganic chemistry and pose countless outstanding questions. The assembly of the active site defies common chemical convention by contradicting the Irving-Williams series, while the scope of reactivity remains unexplored. In this work, the assembly and C-H bond activation process in the Mn/Fe R2-like ligand-binding oxidase (R2lox) protein is investigated using a suite of biophysical techniques, including time-resolved optical spectroscopy, global kinetic modeling, X-ray crystallography, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, protein electrochemistry, and mass spectrometry. Selective metal binding is found to be under thermodynamic control, with the binding sites within the apoprotein exhibiting greater Mn-II affinity than Fe-II affinity. The comprehensive analysis of structure and reactivity of wild-type R2lox and targeted primary and secondary sphere mutants indicate that the efficiency of C-H bond activation directly correlates with the Mn/Fe cofactor reduction potentials and is inversely related to divalent metal binding affinity. These findings suggest the R2lox active site is precisely tuned for achieving both selective heterobimetallic binding and high levels of reactivity and offer a mechanism to examine the means by which proteins achieve appropriate metal incorporation.
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| 8. |
- Pilotto, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analysis of multidecadal biodiversity trends in Europe
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local biodiversity trends over time are likely to be decoupled from global trends, as local processes may compensate or counteract global change. We analyze 161 long-term biological time series (15-91 years) collected across Europe, using a comprehensive dataset comprising ~6,200 marine, freshwater and terrestrial taxa. We test whether (i) local long-term biodiversity trends are consistent among biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, and (ii) changes in biodiversity correlate with regional climate and local conditions. Our results reveal that local trends of abundance, richness and diversity differ among biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, demonstrating that biodiversity changes at local scale are often complex and cannot be easily generalized. However, we find increases in richness and abundance with increasing temperature and naturalness as well as a clear spatial pattern in changes in community composition (i.e. temporal taxonomic turnover) in most biogeoregions of Northern and Eastern Europe. The global biodiversity decline might conceal complex local and group-specific trends. Here the authors report a quantitative synthesis of longterm biodiversity trends across Europe, showing how, despite overall increase in biodiversity metric and stability in abundance, trends differ between regions, ecosystem types, and taxa.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Schneider, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Tillgänglighet och upplevelser vid blågröna dagvattenlösningar : metodutveckling och utvärdering av befintliga platser ur ett breddat tillgänglighetsperspektiv
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cities' stormwater management is an issue that increasingly concerns the use of land, which means that social values need to be taken into account in planning and design. Creating multifunctional and inclusive open stormwater solutions requires cross-sectoral collaboration and a strong user perspective, especially from marginalized groups. New methods are also required to understand a place from a broader perspective of accessibility, where the experience of a place from a cognitive, sensual and physical accessibility can be included. This pilot study was carried out within the innovation project TINK (Accessibility, Inclusion, Norm Criticism). The purpose is to learn from existing storm water solutions and to show a method to evaluate existing sites from a broader accessibility perspective. In the study, we have tested a more inclusive method for site analysis in urban, public or semi-public Scanian green areas with blue-green stormwater solutions, through observations and interviews. Conclusions include that context, needs and resources should be examined before a decision is made on a specific stormwater solution. Many improvements can be made regarding integrating the technology / function of stormwater solutions with outdoor environment design, especially in terms of accessibility and experiental aspects, where many of the obstacles are often easily remedied. When evaluating existing, or planning and design of new, blue-green stormwater solutions, a question of whether the stormwater system has contributed, or will contribute, with more values and functions than just effectively solving the flood problem, should be asked. Multifunctional stormwater solutions have the potential to contribute with many values that support increased social and ecological sustainability in the future city.
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