| 11. |
- Liu, Xiaoxiong, et al.
(författare)
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Subjective evaluation of three helmets in cold laboratory and warm field conditions
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 23:3, s. 223-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Helmets are widely used in industries as a primary protection means for workers. Helmets can provide efficient protection against occupational hazards to the head, they also cause thermal discomfort to the wearers at work. To develop a reliable heat transfer testing method for helmets any objective testing method must be validated with subjective testing of the same helmets. Subjective evaluation of helmet heat transfer properties was conducted in both cold and hot conditions using three commonly used and commercially available helmets. Twenty-five subjects participated in a laboratory investigation in a simulated cold environment( + 3 degrees C and 30% RH); forty-three steel-making workers participated in a held survey in the hot environment (31 degrees C and 32% RH). Subjects were either asked to conduct certain tasks (in the laboratory investigation) or performed their regular production duties (in the filed survey) while wearing a helmet; they were then asked to answer questions in a questionnaire at the end of the surveys. The results of the subjective assessment which were compared with the objective measurements taken on a sweating manikin head using the same helmets, were found consistent.
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| 12. |
- Lönnroth, Emma-Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Adverse health reactions in skin, eyes, and respiratory tract among dental personnel in Sweden
- 1998
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 22:1-2, s. 33-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dental personnel manually handle products that contain monomers. Several studies have documented adverse health effects after exposure to such products. Gloves made of vinyl or latex are easily penetrated by monomers. Ordinary glasses, or visors, do not protect against vapour from polymer products. Dental face masks filter out about 40% of respirable particles. To survey the prevalence of asthma, atopic dermatitis, conjunctivitis, hay fever/rhinitis, and hand eczema among dental personnel, a questionnaire was distributed to all dental teams in Northern Sweden. Referents were researchers, teachers, and secretaries from the same geographical area. The response rate was 76% for dental teams, and 66% for referents. The results show a significantly higher prevalence of conjunctivitis, and atopic dermatitis among dentists, both male and female. Hypersensitivity to dental materials was reported by significantly more dental personnel than by referents.
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| 13. |
- Lönnroth, Emma-Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Amalgam in dentistry : A survey of methods used at dental clinics in Norrbotten to decrease exposure to mercury vapour
- 1995
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 19:1-2, s. 55-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A survey was conducted on the possible factors influencing exposure to mercury vapour during the handling of amalgam and amalgam contaminated products at dental clinics in Norrbotten, the northern part of Sweden, as well as the current methods being used to minimise, if not prevent such exposures. Increased room temperature, a serious problem when working with amalgam, was the most common complaint from the dental personnel reflecting the observation that ventilation in most clinics was far from being satisfactory. However, methods of treating amalgam-contaminated waste products as well as the classification of products as high- or low-risk wastes also differed a lot. The results further showed that although majority of the dental personnel showed concern on the possible hazards of mercury vapour exposure and were interested in having the level of mercury vapour measured in their clinics, very few had access to any protective equipment against it. And among the few who had some forms of protective wear, most found the equipment disturbing and disruptive of work performance.
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| 14. |
- Lönnroth, Emma-Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Amalgam in Dentistry. A Health Hazard for Dental Personnel?
- 1997
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Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 3:3-4, s. 151-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a cross sectional study done in 1993 among dental personnel in Norrbotten, self-reported prevalence of muscular pain, headache, tremor, insomnia, irritation, impaired memory, and depression, as well as information regarding different mercury exposures were collected. Mercury exposures were determined as "number of amalgam fillings in teeth", "years in practice", "insufficient ventilation at work", "total number of amalgam removed, produced and polished per day", and "working in dental clinics." As controls, physicians and nurses from the same geographical area were selected. The correlation between symptoms and different mercury exposures was calculated using logistic regression. The results suggested a higher prevalence of muscular fatigue and tremor for female dental personnel compared to controls. Controls reported a lower prevalence of symptoms with increasing number of amalgam fillings in teeth. There was no correlation between the number of amalgam fillings handled per day and symptoms for dental personnel. Male dental personnel associated muscular fatigue, headache, impaired memory, and depression with increased handling of amalgam in the clinic, whereas the female dental personnel associate the same symptoms with the number of amalgam fillings in teeth. The strongest correlation was found between symptoms and insufficient ventilation at dental clinics for dental personnel.
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| 15. |
- Lönnroth, Emma-Christin, et al.
(författare)
-
Atopic dermatitis, conjunctivitis, and hand dermatitis among Swedish dental personnel, including use of personal protective devices
- 1998
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 22:3, s. 105-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A previous study on dental personnel in northern Sweden show that dentists had a significantly higher prevalence of self-reported and physician-diagnosed atopic dermatitis and conjunctivitis, compared to chair assistants and referents (Lonnroth & Shahnavaz 1998). Further, significantly more male dentists reported experience of hand dermatitis compared to male referents. To compare the prevalence among dental personnel working in other geographical areas of Sweden, and survey the use of personal protective equipment, a questionnaire study was conducted during 1997, which included all dentists and his/her chair assistants, working in general private and public dental care in Sweden. A total of 7384 dental personnel were included in the study, 4293 dentists (54.7% male and 45.3% female), and 3090 chair assistants. Logistic regression was used for analysing data. Results show that significantly more dentists reported symptoms of atopic dermatitis, conjunctivitis, and hand dermatitis, and had been diagnosed by a physician, compared to chair assistants. However, they did not report more sick-leave due to symptoms, compared to chair assistants. More female used protective devices, than male, and more chair assistants than dentists. Significantly more dental personnel in public dental care used protective devices, than in private dental care. Use of gloves, and face mask, decreased with increasing age but, use of eye protection, mainly in form of prescription spectacles, increased. The prevalence of hand dermatitis decreased significantly with increasing age but, more for female (p < 0.0001), than for male (p = 0.01).
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| 16. |
- Lönnroth, Emma-Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Conjunctivitis among swedish dentists
- 1997
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Ingår i: From experience to innovation. - : Taylor and Francis Group. - 9518021937 ; , s. 228-30
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 17. |
- Lönnroth, Emma-Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Dental clinics : a burden to environment?
- 1996
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 20:5, s. 173-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To estimate environmental burden of mercury from dental clinics, a survey was conducted in 1993 at dental clinics in northern part of Sweden. Factors regarding amalgam separators, maintenance and disposal of collected sludge, age of clinics, cleaning of waste pipes, and sorting and handling of amalgam contaminated products were investigated. The result showed that many were not familiar with maintenance of the amalgam separator. A majority, 68%, were working in clinics older than 10 years, but only 9% reported that waste pipes had been cleaned or changed. Classification of amalgam contaminated products as high-risk and low-risk waste differed a lot, as well as handling of waste products. The result shows that there is need for more information and attention to all individuals working in Dental Care on how to reduce environmental burden of mercury from dental clinics
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| 18. |
- Lönnroth, Emma-Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the Potential Occupational Hazard of Handling Dental Polymer Products Using the HET-CAM Technique
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 5:1, s. 43-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The irritation potencies of 8 dental polymer products, used as dental restorative materials, adhesives, or temporary constructions, were tested using the HET-CAM (hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane) technique. Liquid and powder components, and extracts of cured and freshly mixed non-cured materials of 5 glass ionomers, 1 bonding, 1 composite, and 1 cold-cured acrylate were examined. Results showed that the liquid component of all products had a strong irritation capacity but powder suspensions and extracts from cured, and freshly mixed non-cured materials had no effect on the CAM. Thus, dental personnel who handle liquid and powder manually are exposed to components with a high irritation potential, in contrast to patients who are exposed to the cured and mixed non-cured materials, with low irritation potential. This illustrates the importance of safe handling procedures and practices for dental personnel who handle non-cured polymers manually.
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| 19. |
- Lönnroth, Emma-Christin, et al.
(författare)
-
Hand dermatitis and symptoms from the fingers among Swedish dental personnel
- 1998
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 22:1-2, s. 23-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hand dermatitis among dental personnel has been an issue in recent years. Dental personnel manually handle polymer materials which are known to irritate skin, and also cause allergy. In addition, dental personnel wash their hands frequently, and use latex gloves, and are therefore at risk to develop hand dermatitis. To survey the occurrence of hand dermatitis among dental personnel, questionnaires were sent to all dental teams (dentist + chair assistant) working in the two northern Swedish counties. Referents were; researchers, teachers, and secretaries from a university and high schools, from the same geographical area. The response rate was 76% for dental teams, and 66% for referents. The results show that male dentists reported a significantly higher prevalence of hand dermatitis than male reference. In contrast to chair assistants and referents, dentists (both male and female) reported a higher extent of hand dermatitis on the left than on the right hand. There was an association between hand dermatitis among dental personnel and; age, eczema in childhood, and hay fever but, not with; sex, asthma, frequent washing of the hands, and glove use. Whitening of the fingers increased with increasing age among dental personnel. Pricking was also associated with frequent glove use. Pricking of the fingers was associated with sex, and 3.5 times more common among female dental personnel than male dentists. Numbness of the fingers, and finger pain was reported by more dentists than chair assistants and referents.
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| 20. |
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