Differential Rates for District Heating and the Influence on the Optimal Retrofit Strategy for Multi-Family Buildings

• When renovating existing multi-family buildings it is very important to implement the best retrofit strategy possible in order to minimize the remaining life-cycle cost for the building. If the building is heated with district heating this strategy of course changes due to the energy rate used by the utility. It is also very important for the utility that the consumer is encouraged to save energy when there is a need for it, i.e. during peak load conditions. Our paper shows that an accurate cost differential rate provides all these facilities.

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