| 1. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
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| 2. |
- Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Global Chemicals Outlook II. From Legacies to Innovative Solutions: Implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- 1. The size of the global chemical industry exceeded United States dollars 5 trillion in 2017. It is projected to double by 2030. Consumption and production are rapidly increasing in emerging economies. Global supply chains, and the trade of chemicals and products, are becoming increasingly complex. 2. Driven by global megatrends, growth in chemical-intensive industry sectors (e.g. construction, agriculture, electronics) creates risks, but also opportunities to advance sustainable consumption, production and product innovation. 3. Hazardous chemicals and other pollutants (e.g. plastic waste and pharmaceutical pollutants) continue to be released in large quantities. They are ubiquitous in humans and the environment and are accumulating in material stocks and products, highlighting the need to avoid future legacies through sustainable materials management and circular business models. 4. The benefits of action to minimize adverse impacts have been estimated in the high tens of billions of United States dollars annually. The World Health Organization estimated the burden of disease from selected chemicals at 1.6 million lives in 2016 (this is likely to be an underestimate). Chemical pollution also threatens a range of ecosystem services. 5. International treaties and voluntary instruments have reduced the risks of some chemicals and wastes, but progress has been uneven and implementation gaps remain. As of 2018, more than 120 countries had not implemented the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals. 6. Addressing legislation and capacity gaps in developing countries and emerging economies remains a priority. Also, resources have not matched needs. There are opportunities for new and innovative financing (e.g. through cost recovery and engagement of the financial sector). 7. Significant resources can be saved by sharing knowledge on chemical management instruments more widely, and by enhancing mutual acceptance of approaches in areas ranging from chemical hazard assessment to alternatives assessment. 8. Frontrunner companies – from chemical producers to retailers – are introducing sustainable supply chain management, full material disclosure, risk reduction beyond compliance, and human rights-based policies. However, widespread implementation of these initiatives has not yet been achieved. 9. Consumer demand, as well as green and sustainable chemistry education and innovation (e.g. though start-ups), are among the important drivers of change. They can be scaled up through enabling policies, reaping the potential benefits of chemistry innovations for sustainable development. 10. Global knowledge gaps can be filled. This can be achieved, for example, by taking steps to harmonize research protocols, considering health or environmental impact information and harm caused to set and address priorities (e.g. emerging issues), and strengthening the science-policy interface through enhanced collaboration of scientists and decision-makers.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Coria, Jessica, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Kemikalieskatter bidrar till en giftfri miljö
- 2015
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet - Debatt. - 1101-2412. ; :2015-07-01
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Förslagen om att beskatta kemikalier är ett steg i rätt riktning. Den lagstiftning som finns idag är alltför svag, särskilt när det gäller så kallade blandningar av olika kemikalier. Det skriver en grupp forskare på Göteborgs universitet som arbetar med styrning av miljöeffekterna från kemikalier. Olika slags kemikalier hamnar i avloppsvattnet, och skribenterna varnar för just blandningen av olika ämnen, en så kallad cocktaileffekt.
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| 5. |
- Groh, Ksenia J, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of known plastic packaging-associated chemicals and their hazards.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 651:Pt 2, s. 3253-3268
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global plastics production has reached 380 million metric tons in 2015, with around 40% used for packaging. Plastic packaging is diverse and made of multiple polymers and numerous additives, along with other components, such as adhesives or coatings. Further, packaging can contain residues from substances used during manufacturing, such as solvents, along with non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), such as impurities, oligomers, or degradation products. To characterize risks from chemicals potentially released during manufacturing, use, disposal, and/or recycling of packaging, comprehensive information on all chemicals involved is needed. Here, we present a database of Chemicals associated with Plastic Packaging (CPPdb), which includes chemicals used during manufacturing and/or present in final packaging articles. The CPPdb lists 906 chemicals likely associated with plastic packaging and 3377 substances that are possibly associated. Of the 906 chemicals likely associated with plastic packaging, 63 rank highest for human health hazards and 68 for environmental hazards according to the harmonized hazard classifications assigned by the European Chemicals Agency within the Classification, Labeling and Packaging (CLP) regulation implementing the United Nations' Globally Harmonized System (GHS). Further, 7 of the 906 substances are classified in the European Union as persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT), or very persistent, very bioaccumulative (vPvB), and 15 as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC). Thirty-four of the 906 chemicals are also recognized as EDC or potential EDC in the recent EDC report by the United Nations Environment Programme. The identified hazardous chemicals are used in plastics as monomers, intermediates, solvents, surfactants, plasticizers, stabilizers, biocides, flame retardants, accelerators, and colorants, among other functions. Our work was challenged by a lack of transparency and incompleteness of publicly available information on both the use and toxicity of numerous substances. The most hazardous chemicals identified here should be assessed in detail as potential candidates for substitution.
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| 6. |
- Jepsen, M. T., et al.
(författare)
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Protective practices against tick bites in Denmark, Norway and Sweden: a questionnaire-based study
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Tick-borne infections are of emerging and increasing concern in the Scandinavian countries Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Only few studies have investigated protective practices against tick bites in the general population. The aim of this multi-country study was to assess the use of protective practices and the perception of the efficacy of them. Methods We surveyed the extent of using protective practices against tick bites, using the same questionnaire in three local languages. In addition, we surveyed perceptions of how good a protection the different practices provide. Altogether 783 individuals from Denmark, 789 from Norway and 1096 from Sweden participated in the study by completing an extensive online questionnaire in October 2016. Results Altogether 1011 respondents (37.9%) reported using at least three different protective practices either often or always when in areas where there are ticks, while 522 (19.6%) reported using none. Female gender was among the factors identified as positively associated with using several of the specific practices often or always when in areas where there are ticks. The gender-difference in extent of using protective practices against tick bites was particularly pronounced in Sweden. Based on a multivariable logistic regression model, being female, being from Sweden, and having experienced one or more tick bites were positively associated with using at least three different protective practices against tick bites either often or always when in areas where there are ticks (odds ratios 1.90, 1.87 and 1.88, respectively). Conclusions The results of our study, especially the observed differences by country and by gender, can be useful in targeting future information to the public. In particular, our results suggest that men across all ages should be considered a specific target group for this information.
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| 7. |
- Knaggård, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Researchers’ approaches to stakeholders: Interaction or transfer of knowledge?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1462-9011 .- 1873-6416. ; 97, s. 25-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stakeholder interaction is important for enabling environmental research to support the societal transition to sustainability. We argue that it is crucial to take researchers’ approaches to and perceptions of stakeholder interaction into account, to enable more clarity in discussions about interaction, as well as more systematic interaction approaches. Through a survey and focus group interviews with environmental researchers at three Swedish universities, we investigate the effects of two models of stakeholder interaction, as well as high and low levels within each. The ‘transfer model’ implies that interaction is understood as communication and should be separated from research. The ‘interaction model’ implies that interaction happens throughout the research process. Our study shows some significant differences between researchers in the two models, but also between high and low levels of stakeholder interaction regardless of model. The result indicates that the transfer model needs to be considered in studies and practice of stakeholder interaction, but also that the low levels of the interaction model consists of a number of different types of approaches. The major difference between the two models was about how large researchers understood the benefits and risks with stakeholder interaction to be. Transfer researchers saw interaction as a threat to the integrity of research, whereas interaction researchers saw it as enabling research. © 2019 The Authors
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| 8. |
- Rudén, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Framtidens kemikaliekontroll - Hantering av kombinationseffekter och gruppvis bedömning av ämnen : SOU 2019:45
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det är mer än 50 år sedan den första kemikalielagstiftningen på EUnivå infördes; 1967 trädde direktivet om farliga ämnen i kraft. Direktivet fastlade regler för klassificering och märkning av kemikalier baserade på deras inneboende farlighet. Under de följande decennierna tillkom fler riskbaserade regler, som också blev föregångarna till REACH-förordningen. Införandet, tillämpningen och utvecklingen av dessa nya regelverk har över tid bidragit till att minska koncentrationerna av många klassiska gifter i människor och ekosystem i Europa, vilket måste ses som en betydande framgång, och som också bekräftar nyttan av att ha en adekvat kemikalielagstiftning för att långsiktigt skydda människors hälsa och ekosystemen. Men parallellt med lagstiftningens tillkomst och utveckling har även kemikalieindustrins och samhällets användande av kemikalier utvecklats och växt i snabb takt. Enligt Eurostat används i dag mer än 200 miljoner ton farliga kemikalier per år i Europa, och fler än 22 000 olika kemikalier är registrerade bara i REACH. Föga överraskande hittar miljöövervakningen fortfarande en blandning av kemikalier i så gott som alla prover som tas från människor eller miljön. Det beror på att det typiska exponeringsscenariot har ändrats under de senaste decennierna – från lokala punktkällor med utsläpp av höga koncentrationer av ett fåtal ämnen, till en diffus exponering för en mängd komplexa och variabla blandningar av olika miljögifter. Var och en ofta i relativt låga koncentrationer. I denna rapport presenteras elva rekommendationer om hur europeisk kemikaliekontroll kan utvecklas för att bättre hantera denna komplexitet. Förslagen fokuserar på två centrala områden: 1. Riskbedömning och hantering av kemiska blandningar, i syfte att göra kemisk riskbedömning och riskhantering mer relevant för målet att skydda människors hälsa och ekosystemen. 2. Gruppvis utvärdering av kemikalier, för att underlätta identifiering av problematiska ämnen och stödja processen att byta ut farliga kemikalier mot säkrare alternativ. Kapitel 1 sammanfattar utredningens uppdrag och hur vi arbetat. Kapitel 2 innehåller en bred överblick av frågeställningarna samt förklaringar till centrala begrepp och definitioner. I kapitel 3 sammanfattas relevanta delar av svensk och europeisk kemikalielagstiftning och internationella konventioner. Den vetenskapliga bakgrunden till våra förslag beskrivs därefter i kapitlen 4 och 5. Kapitel 6 innehåller våra elva rekommendationer. Varje rekommendation inleds med en introducerande problembeskrivning. Syftet med detta är att kapitlet ska kunna läsas separat. Kapitel 7 innehåller en konsekvensanalys, och i kapitel 8 ges en översikt över våra interaktioner med avnämare. Sist i rapporten finns referenser och först en lista som förklarar de akronymer och förkortningar som förekommer i texten. Sammanfattningsvis visar vår analys att det behövs betydande förändringar och förbättringar av det nuvarande systemet för kemikaliekontroll om det ska hålla jämna steg med innovationer i kemikalieanvändningen och utvecklingen inom vetenskapen. Att regelverket utvecklas parallellt med dessa är en förutsättning för att uppnå det övergripande målet med EU:s kemikalielagstiftning att säkerställa en hög skyddsnivå för hälsa och miljö, och det svenska miljömålet att den totala exponeringen för kemiska ämnen via alla exponeringskällor inte ska vara skadlig för människor eller biologisk mångfald.
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| 9. |
- Slunge, Daniel, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of safeguarding systems for the use of pesticides within Swedish financed programmes in Tanzania
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Increasing the agricultural productivity among small-holder farmers is an important objective of several programmes in Asia and Africa supported by Swedish development cooperation. In several of these programmes, increasing farmers’ access to agricultural inputs, including pesticides, play an important role. This study departs from a concern that paraquat and other hazardous pesticides were used by farmers participating in Swedish supported programmes in Tanzania. Based on a desk review and interviews in Tanzania and Sweden, the purpose of the present study has been to review safeguard mechanisms for the use of pesticides in three Swedish supported programmes in Tanzania and to provide input to methodological development on how Sida can contribute to responsible use of pesticides in supported programmes.
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| 10. |
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