| 1. |
- Adcox, K, et al.
(författare)
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PHENIX detector overview
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 499:2-3, s. 469-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PHENIX detector is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A, and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions. A wide variety of probes, sensitive to all timescales, are used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon. Designing for the needs of the heavy-ion and polarized-proton programs has produced a detector with unparalleled capabilities. PHENIX measures electron and muon pairs, photons, and hadrons with excellent energy and momentum resolution. The detector consists of a large number of subsystems that are discussed in other papers in this volume. The overall design parameters of the detector are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Alcorn, J, et al.
(författare)
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Basic instrumentation for Hall A at Jefferson Lab
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 522:3, s. 294-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The instrumentation in Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility was designed to study electro-and photo-induced reactions at very high luminosity and good momentum and angular resolution for at least one of the reaction products. The central components of Hall A are two identical high resolution spectrometers, which allow the vertical drift chambers in the focal plane to provide a momentum resolution of better than 2 x 10(-4). A variety of Cherenkov counters, scintillators and lead-glass calorimeters provide excellent particle identification. The facility has been operated successfully at a luminosity well in excess of 10(38) CM-2 s(-1). The research program is aimed at a variety of subjects, including nucleon structure functions, nucleon form factors and properties of the nuclear medium. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Kanter, Theo G., et al.
(författare)
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Rethinking Wireless Internet with Smart Media
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Nordic Radio Symposium 2001 (NRS'01).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Third-generation mobile networks (3G) will support the end-to-end delivery of IP to wireless end-devices. The cost of this infrastructure and the moderate data-rates that can be expected have lead to proposals for a mixed 3G and wireless LAN (WLAN) approach. WLAN delivers much higher data-rates, currently up to 11 Mbps (IEEE 802.11b). Field trials with public WLAN extensions to Gigabit Ethernet networks show outdoor coverage of several hundred meters. Our previous work demonstrated smart delivery of multimedia involving agents running in the mobile, the access point, and the content provider. This allowed us to dynamically adapt both the application and network behavior (to each other) in order to meet the criteria for specific applications. In this paper, we extend this approach by adding service knowledge meta-data to the multimedia content (creating so-called Smart Media) to take advantage of the fact that for non real-time media content, which needs ample bandwidth to deliver, there does not need to be a coupling between transfer rate and playout rate. This approach enables the agent to further free resources for the delivery of streaming media to mobile users. In light of this approach, we propose novel network topologies with WLAN access using Smart Media Packets, for which we examine the minimal requirements for delivering the services.
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| 6. |
- Louis, M, et al.
(författare)
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Creatine supplementation has no effect on human muscle protein turnover at rest in the postabsorptive or fed states
- 2003
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Ingår i: American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 284:4, s. E764-E770
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dietary creatine supplementation is associated with increases in muscle mass, but the mechanism is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that creatine supplementation enhanced myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) and diminished muscle protein breakdown (MPB) in the fed state. Six healthy men (26 ± 7 yr, body mass index 22 ± 4 kg/m2) were studied twice, 2–4 wk apart, before and after ingestion of creatine (21 g/day, 5 days). We carried out two sets of measurements within 5.5 h of both MPS (by incorporation of [1-13C]leucine in quadriceps muscle) and MPB (as dilution of [1-13C]leucine or [2H5]phenylalanine across the forearm); for the first 3 h, the subjects were postabsorptive but thereafter were fed orally (0.3 g maltodextrin and 0.083 g protein · kg body wt−1 · h−1). Creatine supplementation increased muscle total creatine by ∼30% ( P < 0.01). Feeding had significant effects, doubling MPS ( P < 0.001) and depressing MPB by ∼40% ( P < 0.026), but creatine had no effect on turnover in the postabsorptive or fed states. Thus any increase in muscle mass accompanying creatine supplementation must be associated with increased physical activity.
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| 7. |
- Smith, Mark T., et al.
(författare)
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Receiver and correlator used to determine position of wireless device
- 2001
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- A system for identifying the position of a wireless device and transmitting that position back to the wireless device, the system comprising a plurality of receiver/correlators, each receiver/correlator being positioned at a fixed location in the network for receiving position request packets from the wireless cellular device, thereby generating a trigger signal each time a position request packet is received, the trigger signal used to record a local time, as indicated by an internal clock, at which the position request packet is received, and generating timing packets which include information about received position request packet, including time received. The system further including a central server for receiving the timing packets from the plurality of receiver/correlators and determining the position of the wireless device using the information in various timing packets.
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| 8. |
- Smith, R, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of protease-activated receptor-2 leads to inhibition of osteoclast differentiation.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 19:3, s. 507-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PAR-2 is expressed by osteoblasts and activated by proteases present during inflammation. PAR-2 activation inhibited osteoclast differentiation induced by hormones and cytokines in mouse bone marrow cultures and may protect bone from uncontrolled resorption. INTRODUCTION: Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), which is expressed by osteoblasts, is activated specifically by a small number of proteases, including mast cell tryptase and factor Xa. PAR-2 is also activated by a peptide (RAP) that corresponds to the "tethered ligand" created by cleavage of the receptor's extracellular domain. The effect of activating PAR-2 on osteoclast differentiation was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mouse bone marrow cultures have been used to investigate the effect of PAR-2 activation on osteoclast differentiation induced by parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], and interleukin-11 (IL-11). Expression of PAR-2 by mouse bone marrow, mouse bone marrow stromal cell-enriched cultures, and the RAW264.7 osteoclastogenic cell line was demonstrated by RT-PCR. RESULTS: RAP was shown to inhibit osteoclast differentiation induced by PTH, 1,25(OH)2D3, or IL-11. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to investigate expression of mediators of osteoclast differentiation induced by PTH, 1,25(OH)2D3, or IL-11 in mouse bone marrow cultures and primary calvarial osteoblast cultures treated simultaneously with RAP. In bone marrow and osteoblast cultures treated with PTH, 1,25(OH)2D3, or IL-11, RAP inhibited expression of RANKL and significantly suppressed the ratio of RANKL:osteoprotegerin expression. Activation of PAR-2 led to reduced expression of prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 in bone marrow cultures treated with PTH, 1,25(OH)2D3, or IL-11. RAP inhibited PTH- or 1,25(OH)2D3-induced expression of IL-6 in bone marrow cultures. RAP had no effect on osteoclast differentiation in RANKL-treated RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSION: These observations indicate that PAR-2 activation inhibits osteoclast differentiation by acting on cells of the osteoblast lineage to modulate multiple mediators of the effects of PTH, 1,25(OH)2D3, and IL-11. Therefore, the role of PAR-2 in bone may be to protect it from uncontrolled resorption by limiting levels of osteoclast differentiation.
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