| 12. |
- Wirfält, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Food sources of fat and sex hormone receptor status of invasive breast tumors in women of the malmö diet and cancer cohort.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nutrition and Cancer. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1532-7914 .- 0163-5581. ; 63:5, s. 722-733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined associations between food intakes and incident breast cancer, defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort (17,000 women aged 45-73 yr). The hazard ratios (HRs) of ER+PR+ (n = 270), ER+PR- (n = 87), and ER-PR- (n = 61) tumors and all cancer (n = 544) were estimated after 10 yr of follow-up. In multivariate analysis of ER+PR+ tumors, a protective linear risk trend, indicating change between adjoining food categories, was seen with yogurt (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80-0.99), but increased risks with eggs (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.01-1.20) and dried soups/sauces (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.00-1.22). In ER-PR- tumors, vegetable-oil-based margarine (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.09-1.59) and dried soups/sauces (HR = 1.31 95% CI = 1.05-1.64) showed increased risks. Heterogeneity was observed between ER+PR+ and ER-PR- tumors for vegetable-oil-based margarine (P < 0.01). Regular milk showed decreased, and dried soups/sauces increased, risk with all breast cancer. The study suggests that fat-containing food may contribute both to hormonal and nonhormonal mechanisms in breast tumor development and supports observations of positive associations between characteristics of Westernized diets and postmenopausal breast cancer.
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| 13. |
- Zamora-Ros, Raul, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of the intake of anthocyanidins and their food sources in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - London : Cambridge U. P.. - 1475-2662 .- 0007-1145. ; 106:7, s. 1090-1099
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anthocyanidins are bioactive flavonoids with potential health-promoting effects. These may vary among single anthocyanidins considering differences in their bioavailability and some of the mechanisms involved. The aim of the present study was to estimate the dietary intake of anthocyanidins, their food sources and the lifestyle factors (sex, age, BMI, smoking status, educational level and physisical activity) involved among twenty-seven centres in ten European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Anthocyanidin intake and their food sources for 36 037 subjects, aged between 35 and 74 years, in twenty-seven redefined centres were obtained using standardised 24 h dietary recall software (EPIC-SOFT). An ad hoc food composition database on anthocyanidins (cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin) was compiled using data from the US Department of Agriculture and Phenol-Explorer databases and was expanded by adding recipes, estimated values and cooking factors. For men, the total anthocyanidin mean intake ranged from 19.83 (SE 1.53) mg/d (Bilthoven, The Netherlands) to 64.88 (SE 1.86) mg/d (Turin, Italy), whereas for women the range was 18.73 (SE 2.80) mg/d (Granada, Spain) to 44.08 (SE 2.45) mg/d (Turin, Italy). A clear south to north gradient intake was observed. Cyanidins and malvidins were the main anthocynidin contributors depending on the region and sex. Anthocyanidin intake was higher in non-obese older females, non-smokers, and increased with educational level and physical activity. The major food sources were fruits, wine, non-alcoholic beverages and some vegetables. The present study shows differences in both total and individual anthocyanidin intakes and various lifestyle factors throughout Europe, with some geographical variability in their food sources.
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