| 1. |
- Kobelt, G., et al.
(författare)
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The cost of feedback microwave thermotherapy compared with transurethral resection of the prostate for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia.
- 2004
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Ingår i: BJU International. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X. ; 93:4, s. 543-548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of a new microwave thermotherapy for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the ProstaLund Feedback Treatment (PLFT, ProstaLund Operations AB, Lund, Sweden) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in a clinical trial to their effectiveness in clinical practice over 1 year, to estimate their cost over 1 year, and to evaluate the cost of re-interventions over a longer period (2-3 years). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a large randomized international 1-year clinical trial PLFT was as effective as TURP in improving symptoms of BPH and urinary flow. Because PLFT is an outpatient procedure it was less costly than TURP. However, the cost-effectiveness of the new procedure depends on its long-term effectiveness in clinical practice. All 146 patients in the randomized clinical trial were included in the present analysis. The outcome was based on the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the bother score, and costs were estimated from treatment-related adverse events and hospitalization. To validate the estimates based on the clinical trial 1-year data on effectiveness and complete resource use in clinical practice were collected in a retrospective observational study from hospital charts and patient questionnaires of 88 patients who had undergone either TURP or PLFT. To assess the number of re-interventions after TURP after the first year information was obtained from hospital and surgical procedure data in the Swedish inpatient registry. The 3-year data for a total of 52,010 patients who had an index hospitalization for TURP between 1990 and 1995 were available for the analysis. The estimate of long-term consequences of PLFT was based on complication and re-intervention data for 87 patients who had undergone PLFT between 1997 and 1999. RESULTS: The mean 1-year costs in the clinical trial were estimated at [symbol: see text] 1763 for PLFT and [symbol: see text] 3209 for TURP. When all treatment-related resource use in clinical practice for 88 patients was included the costs were estimated at [symbol: see text] 1924 and [symbol: see text] 3264 for PLFT and TURP, respectively. The IPSS and bother scores were not significantly different between the groups in both datasets. Using the registry data the cost of TURP including re-interventions (TURP and bladder neck incisions) was estimated at [symbol: see text] 3159 over 2 years and [symbol: see text] 3185 over 3 years; the respective costs for PLFT were [symbol: see text] 2121 and at [symbol: see text] 2151. CONCLUSIONS: In the 1-year clinical trial PLFT was as effective but less costly than TURP, but long-term data are still lacking. However, the preliminary analysis over 3 years indicates that the average cost of the procedure remains lower than the total cost of TURP for the same period.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Folkestad, Bengt, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Timed micturition and maximum urinary flow rate in randomly selected symptom-free males
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 38:2, s. 136-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To establish normal ranges for timed micturition, i.e. the time to void the first 100 ml, study its dependency on voided volume and age and compare it to maximum flow rate. Material and Methods: Randomly selected men from the National Register without voiding symptoms were investigated. These 58 men (aged 30-75 years) registered 1286 voidings (median 21 per person) at home with the aid of a portable uroflowmeter. Timed micturition and maximum flow rate were obtained from the same voidings. Results: An increase in timed micturition with an increase in age was confirmed. When estimating normal ranges it was sufficient to use the age groups ≤55 years and ≥56 years. Maximum flow rate is shown in nomograms with voided volume. Timed micturition had less dependency on voided volume than maximum flow rate. The normal ranges of timed micturition are ≤9 s for men aged ≤55 years and ≤15 s for those aged ≥56 years. The true median of timed micturition for men aged ≥56 years may be 6 s lower or 2.5 s higher than the value of a single measurement. Corresponding figures for maximum flow rate are 5 and 6 ml/s. Conclusions: Timed micturition has a low dependency on volume and values of ≤9 s and ≤15 s are normal for men aged ≤55 years and ≥56 years, respectively.
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| 4. |
- Folkestad, Bengt, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of timed micturition : A comparison of flow rates measured at home manually and electronically
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 38:5, s. 385-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare and evaluate manually performed timed micturition in a domestic setting with registrations made using a home flowmeter. Material and Methods: Forty-six randomly selected men without voiding symptoms performed timed micturition at home both by hand and with a Da CapoTM home flowmeter. Statistical comparison using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and regression analysis of the differences was performed to evaluate whether the two methods were comparable. Results: In two cases, there was a large discrepancy between the two methods. For the remaining 44 men, there were no statistically significant differences between the two methods. The median (range) timed micturition was 7 s (3-35 s) for manual measurements and 6.5 s (3.5-28 s) for electronic measurements. For each individual, the difference between the manually and electronically obtained medians was calculated. The average individual difference was 0.06 s (SD 1.6 s). Conclusion: Approximately 95% of men are able to measure timed micturition at home manually without statistically or clinically significant differences from electronically obtained measurements. One has to be aware that in a small proportion of cases timed micturition measured at home may be falsely long.
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| 5. |
- Holmberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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A randomized trial comparing radical prostatectomy with watchful waiting in early prostate cancer
- 2002
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 347:11, s. 781-789
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Radical prostatectomy is widely used in the treatment of early prostate cancer. The possible survival benefit of this treatment, however, is unclear. We conducted a randomized trial to address this question. METHODS: From October 1989 through February 1999, 695 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer in International Union against Cancer clinical stage T1b, T1c, or T2 were randomly assigned to watchful waiting or radical prostatectomy. We achieved complete follow-up through the year 2000 with blinded evaluation of causes of death. The primary end point was death due to prostate cancer, and the secondary end points were overall mortality, metastasis-free survival, and local progression. RESULTS: During a median of 6.2 years of follow-up, 62 men in the watchful-waiting group and 53 in the radical-prostatectomy group died (P=0.31). Death due to prostate cancer occurred in 31 of 348 of those assigned to watchful waiting (8.9 percent) and in 16 of 347 of those assigned to radical prostatectomy (4.6 percent) (relative hazard, 0.50; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.27 to 0.91; P=0.02). Death due to other causes occurred in 31 of 348 men in the watchful-waiting group (8.9 percent) and in 37 of 347 men in the radical-prostatectomy group (10.6 percent). The men assigned to surgery had a lower relative risk of distant metastases than the men assigned to watchful waiting (relative hazard, 0.63; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.41 to 0.96). CONCLUSIONS: In this randomized trial, radical prostatectomy significantly reduced disease-specific mortality, but there was no significant difference between surgery and watchful waiting in terms of overall survival.
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| 6. |
- Spetz, Anna-Clara, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Prospective evaluation of hot flashes during treatment with parenteral estrogen or complete androgen ablation for metastatic carcinoma of the prostate
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 166:2, s. 517-520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeWe evaluated the incidence and frequency of, and distress due to hot flashes after castration therapy with polyestradiol phosphate and complete androgen ablation.Materials and MethodsA total of 915 men with metastatic prostate carcinoma enrolled in the Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group-5 trial study were randomized to intramuscular injections of 240 mg. Polyestradiol phosphate every 2 weeks for 8 weeks followed by monthly subcutaneous injections or complete androgen ablation, that is bilateral orchiectomy or 3.75 mg. of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog triptorelin monthly combined with 250 mg. of the antiandrogen flutamide 3 times daily. The incidence and frequency of, and distress due to hot flashes were recorded at regular intervals using a questionnaire.ResultsOf the 915 men 901 were evaluated at a median followup of 18.5 months. The incidence of hot flashes was 30.1% and 74.3% in the polyestradiol phosphate and complete androgen ablation groups, respectively (p <0.001). In the polyestradiol phosphate group the frequency of and distress due to hot flashes were significantly lower than in the androgen ablation group. There was complete relief from hot flashes in 50% of the men on polyestradiol phosphate during followup compared with none on androgen ablation. The incidence of hot flashes did not differ in men with and without tumor progression.ConclusionsEndocrine treatment with polyestradiol phosphate induced fewer and less distressing hot flashes than complete androgen ablation. Flashes also disappeared to a greater extent during polyestradiol phosphate than during androgen ablation. The data in this study enable us to provide thorough individual information to patients on the risk and grade of expected distress and duration of hot flashes during polyestradiol phosphate or complete androgen ablation treatment.
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