| 1. |
- Ahmadzadegan, M. Hossein, et al.
(författare)
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Security-Centric Investigation of Social Networks and Preventative Behavioral Analysis of Online Activity by the Kuleshov effect
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 IEE 9th International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies. - : IEEE. ; , s. 271-276
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Internet beside providing many advantages has some disadvantages. The full unfamiliarity with cyberspace can bring harms and inconvenience to families. This study attempted to introduce the disadvantages and threats on the Internet and present some countermeasures to decrease such threats and harms. Social networks are currently so epidemic that even many companies and organizations formally supply the internal communication system among their members and employees through this social networks and the number of the users of such networks is increasing daily. The term “information security” covers a broad spectrum of activities in an organization. Information security means preventing the unauthorized access to information and products or apply some changes or delete such information using a series of processes. Such actions can be considered as a protection package against current resources in different situations (e.g., a hacker attacks which occurs a lot) by those in charge of information security. One of the most important issues which is considered as a security challenge in these networks is the security and retention of the data and information shared by users from unauthorized access and unwanted disclosure. In this article the Kuleshov effect from cinema has been deployed to explain and launch a behavioral analysis of online activities.
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| 3. |
- Habibipour, Abdolrasoul, 1979-
(författare)
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User engagement in Living Labs : Issues and concerns
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- User engagement and the participatory design approach are well-established in information systems research for many years, and several studies have investigated the challenges of user engagement in the innovation processes. The majority of these studies have discussed participatory design activities – specifically user engagement –in an organizational context. From this perspective, user engagement within an organization employs (relatively) mature technology, but the users are exclusively employees with certain levels of expertise and commitment. Therefore, the full spectrum of users’ perspectives is widely neglected. Accordingly, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate and discuss how the process of voluntary user engagement in real-life contexts (in this study, living labs) is shaped when the innovations are not yet mature. The objective is to propose a framework that addresses issues of sustainable user engagement and commitment by including the users’ perspectives. To this end, the following research questions are further explored:RQ1: What aspects of innovation have an impact on the process of user engagement?RQ2: What aspects of the engagement context have an impact on the process of user engagement?RQ3: What aspects related to the users themselves have an impact on the process of user engagement?In order to meet the purpose of this study, the living lab was used as the context of participatory design activities in three different studied cases. The first living lab case was called “USEMP” and concerned testing and evaluation of a digital innovation with voluntary users. The second living lab case, “UNaLab”, incorporated ten European cities, aiming to develop nature-based solutions to problems in these cities following a living lab approach. The third living lab case, “U4IoT”, was designed to facilitate the engagement of five European Large-Scale Pilots with (current and future) users throughout the use and adoption of the Internet of things (IoT).This thesis is based on a qualitative interpretive case study approach. Beyond conducting two rounds of literature review, this research used multiple data collection methods within the context of the studied living lab cases. These included two rounds of semi-structured interviews with the living lab and innovation experts (24 interviews), four international workshops with 62 participants, and two rounds of open-ended questionnaires with 41 participants. A high-level analysis of the results from the three cases was also conducted through qualitative data coding, in which the results of all appended papers were reinterpreted, reorganized, synthesized and presented.This study contributes to the research on participatory design in the information systems research field by focusing on voluntary user engagement in living labs when the innovation is not yet mature. In so doing, this dissertation provides the Plan–Act–Reflect user engagement framework, which investigates the issues of user engagement and incorporates the perspectives of both users and innovation and living lab experts. The analysis of the results illustrated that user engagement in the living lab context is not a linear process with pre-determined entry and exit points. Instead, it is an iterative process characterized by complex interplay between different engagement phases, including cognitive engagement (plan), realize engagement (act), and engagement commitment (reflect). The results of this study could help participatory design practitioners, living lab organizers, project planners and decision makers on a larger scale – such as that of urban living labs – to understand not only how to engage users in the innovation processes but also how to keep them engaged. This may be accomplished through every part of the process, from user preparation to implementation to testing and adoption of innovations.
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| 4. |
- Murmann, Patrick
(författare)
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Information at Your Fingertips : Facilitating Usable Transparency via Privacy Notifications
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The General Data Protection Regulation stipulates legal rights of transparency and intervenability. Transparency provides data subjects with insight into how their personal data have been processed, clarifying what consequences will or may arise due to the processing of their data, whereas intervenability enables them to intervene in the process. Technological artefacts, transparency-enhancing tools (TETs) serve the purpose of conveying respective information precisely and intelligibily. However, despite being a prerequisite for transparency, many TETs available today lack usability in that they do not stringently reflect the needs of their users, which raises the question as to whether individual TETs fulfil their designated purpose.The objective of this dissertation is to systematically apply principles pertaining to human-centred design to ascertain the qualities necessary to design TETs that facilitate transparency and advise means of intervenability with regard to the needs of their target audience. We classify the state of the art of usable TETs published in the literature and discuss the gaps therein. Contextualising our research in the domain of personal health tracking, we investigate to what extent customisation can help accommodate the needs of users of TETs. We introduce privacy notifications as a conceptual means to inform data subjects about facts worthy of their attention, and examine the immanent properties required to accomplish actual usability. We categorise the characteristics of privacy notifications in terms of what insight they convey, and how respective facts need to be presented to facilitate informed decision-making on the recipient's part. Based on findings obtained via quantitative and qualitative user studies, we elicit concomitant factors related to the parameterisation of privacy notifications. We present the prototypical implementation of TETs whose iterative evaluation provides us with a catalogue of design requirements that demonstrably reflect the needs of their users.
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| 5. |
- Ofe, Hosea A., 1984-
(författare)
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Orchestrating emerging digital ecosystems : investigating the establishment of an open data platform in the Swedish public transport industry
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digital platforms are affecting most contemporary organizations as they mediate an increasing range and number of interactions in their ecosystems. While the discourse on digital platform ecosystems has gained in interest over the years, it often revolves around dominant global firms and how they utilize their control over governance and architecture configurations to exercise power in shaping trajectories. This dissertation seeks to provide insights into the processes through which new digital platforms ecosystems are established by identifying challenges in orchestrating emerging digital ecosystems and approaches through which these can be navigated. To this end, my research focused on the establishment of an open data platform in the public transport industry in Sweden.My theoretical and empirical investigation provides three contributions to our understanding of orchestration of emerging digital ecosystems. The first contribution is the identification of key challenges in orchestrating an emerging ecosystem through a review of extant literature. The review suggests that challenges in orchestrating emerging ecosystems revolve around three goals: (1) attracting and generating network effects; (2) control and coordination; and (3) creating and capturing value. Thus, whether ecosystem establishment is successful or not depends in large part on how providers are able to address these challenges. The identification of challenges and remedies could be helpful for practitioners and scholars when assessing and diagnosing emerging ecosystems. However, I suggest that the different challenges and proposed solutions should not be treated as fixed and isolated guidelines in assessing ecosystems. Instead, providers should consider the challenges holistically in their ecosystem since there are interplays and interactions between their underlying socio-technical aspects. The second contribution is a conceptualization of the nature of orchestration in emerging digital ecosystems. I demonstrate that orchestration in an emerging ecosystem is inherently embroiled in a web of fragile power relationships among actors, unbounded participation, unbounded control, emergent outcomes, and persistent competing concerns. The third contribution of my thesis is the practical implications for how providers can approach orchestration and address challenges in emerging digital ecosystems. The fragile nature of emerging ecosystems suggests that orchestration is not limited to arm´s length measures but also stands to benefit from social interactions and relationship-building among actors with distinctive interests and understanding of their own rights.
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| 6. |
- Padyab, Ali Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Adoption Barriers of IoT in Large Scale Pilots
- 2020
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Ingår i: Information. - : MDPI. - 2078-2489. ; 11:23, s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pervasive connectivity of devices enabled by Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is leading the way in various innovative services and applications. This increasing connectivity comes with its own complexity. Thus, large scale pilots (LSPs) are designed to develop, test and use IoT innovations in various domains in conditions very similar to their operational scalable setting. One of the key challenges facing the diffusion of such innovations within the course of an LSP is understanding the conditions in which their respective users decide to adopt them (or not). Accordingly, in this study we explore IoT adoption barriers in four LSPs in Europe from the following domains: smart cities, autonomous driving, wearables and smart agriculture and farming. By applying Roger’s Diffusion of Innovation as a theoretical lens and using empirical data from workshops and expert interviews, we identify a set of common and domain specific adoption barriers. Our results reveal that trust, cost, perceived value, privacy and security are common concerns, yet shape differently across domains. In order to overcome various barriers, the relative advantage or value of using the innovation needs to be clearly communicated and related to the users’ situational use; while this value can be economic in some domains, it is more hedonic in others. LSPs were particularly challenged in applying established strategies to overcome some of those barriers (e.g., co-creation with end-users) due to the immaturity of the technology as well as the scale of pilots. Accordingly, we reflect on the theoretical choice in the discussion as well as the implications of this study on research and practice. We conclude with providing practical recommendations to LSPs and avenues for future research
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| 7. |
- Rizk, Aya, 1988-
(författare)
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Data-driven Innovation : An exploration of outcomes and processes within federated networks
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The emergence and pervasiveness of digital technologies are changing many aspects of our lives, including what and how we innovate. Industries and societies are competing to embrace this wave of digitalization by developing the right infrastructures and ecosystems for innovation. Similarly, innovation managers and entrepreneurs are using digital technologies to develop novel products, services, processes, business models, etc. One of the major consequences of digitalization is the massive amounts of machine-readable data generated through digital interactions. But this is not only a consequence, it is also a driver for other innovations to emerge. Employing analytical techniques on data to extract useful patterns and insights enables different aspects of innovation. During the last decade, scholars within digital innovation have started to explore this relationship between analytics and innovation, a phenomenon referred to as data-driven innovation (DDI). Most theories to date view analytics as variable that affects innovation in performative terms and treats it as a black-box. However, if the innovation managers and entrepreneurs are to manage and navigate DDI, and for the investors, funders and policymakers to take informed decisions, they need a better understanding of how DDI outcomes (i.e. market offerings such as products and services) are shaped and how they emerge from a process perspective.This dissertation explores this research gap by addressing two research questions: “What characterizes data-driven innovation outcomes?” and “How do data-driven innovations emerge in federated networks?” A federated network is a type of – increasingly common – contemporary innovation structure that is also enabled by digital technology. The dissertation is based on a compilation of five articles addressing these questions. The overall research approach follows a multiple case study design and the empirical investigation takes place in two case sites corresponding to two EU-funded projects.As a result, a classification taxonomy is developed for data-driven digital services. This taxonomy contributes to the conceptualization of DDI outcomes grounded on static and dynamic characteristics. In addition, a DDI process framework is proposed that highlights the importance of exploration, the temporal relationship between data acquisition and innovation development, and the various factors that influence the process along with examples of their contextual manifestations. Finally, social and cognitive interactions within federated networks of DDI are explored to reveal that the innovation teams rely on data-driven representations to facilitate various stakeholders’ engagement and contribution throughout the process. These representations eventually stabilize into boundary objects that retain the factual integrity of the data and analytical models but are also flexible for contextual interpretation and use. These findings contribute to the current discourse within digital innovation by introducing the lens of data analytics to conceptualize a specific type of digital artifacts, and well as providing a rich descriptive account of an extended digital innovation process. They also contribute to the discourse on data-driven innovation by providing an empirical account of DDI from a process viewpoint.
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| 8. |
- Runardotter, Mari, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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A Digital Society for All : A complicated endeavour
- 2020
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Ingår i: NordiCHI '20: Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores digital participation for citizens in rural areas and presents the views from people that in some way are working with digital transformation. It build on data gathered during a workshop, together with an interview with an employee working with digital support to citizens. We apply a critical approach, arguing that if the digital society should embrace all, there are efforts needed. Our informants’ witness of many shortcomings and challenges for digital participation for all to come true, but also provide ideas and ways forward.
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