| 11. |
- Liu, Na, et al.
(författare)
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The Critical Role of Dysregulated RhoB Signaling Pathway in Radioresistance of Colorectal Cancer
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. - : Elsevier. - 0360-3016 .- 1879-355X. ; 104:5, s. 1153-1164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeTo explore whether the Rho protein is involved in the radioresistance of colorectal cancer and investigate the underlying mechanisms.Methods and MaterialsRho GTPase expression was measured after radiation treatment in colon cancer cells. RhoB knockout cell lines were established using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. In vitro assays and zebrafish embryos were used for analyzing radiosensitivity and invasive ability. Mass cytometry was used to detect RhoB downstream signaling factors. RhoB and Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) expression were detected by immunohistochemistry in rectal cancer patients who participated in a radiation therapy trial.ResultsRhoB expression was related to radiation resistance. Complete depletion of the RhoB protein increased radiosensitivity and impaired radiation-enhanced metastatic potential in vitro and in zebrafish models. Probing signaling using mass cytometry–based single-cell analysis showed that the Akt phosphorylation level was inhibited by RhoB depletion after radiation. FOXM1 was downregulated in RhoB knockout cells, and the inhibition of FOXM1 led to lower survival rates and attenuated migration and invasion abilities of the cells after radiation. In the patients who underwent radiation therapy, RhoB overexpression was related to high FOXM1, late Tumor, Node, Metastasis stage, high distant recurrence, and poor survival independent of other clinical factors.ConclusionsRhoB plays a critical role in radioresistance of colorectal cancer through Akt and FOXM1 pathways.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Luo, B., et al.
(författare)
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Intratumoral polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta-87 T > C in colorectal cancer
- 2019
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Ingår i: Neoplasma (Bratislava). - : AEPRESS SRO. - 0028-2685 .- 1338-4317. ; 66:4, s. 609-618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor whose single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), especially PPARD -87 Tamp;gt;C (rs2016520), may play an important role in regulation of PPARD expression. However its expression patterns as well as contribution to colorectal cancer (CRC) are still controversial. In this study, the presence of the intratumoral heterogeneity of PPARD -87 Tamp;gt;C (rs2016520) polymorphism and its influence in CRC were investigated. Tumor masses from primary CRC patients were collected during the tumorectomy, specimens from different sites of the same tumor mass were sampled and stored individually. The SNP of PPARD -87 Tamp;gt;C was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and the expression of PPARD in vivo was observed by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of PPARD -87 Tamp;gt;C intra-tumoral polymorphism and the clinicopathological parameters of patients was analyzed statistically. Tumor samples were collected from 106 CRC patients (70 males and 36 females) with an average age of 61.04 +/- 13.67 years. A total number of 808 samples (7.60 +/- 1.60 per patient) were mainly harvested at peripheral superficial (n=376), central superficial (n=163), invasive front (n=112) and mesenteric cancer foci (n=42) of tumor tissues as well as cancerous adjacent mucosa (n=104). PCR-RFLP analysis showed that T/T (n=460, 56.9%) and T/C (n=334, 41.3%) were the main genotypes of -87 Tamp;gt;C among these samples. Furthermore, intratumoral genotype of -87 Tamp;gt;C was homogeneous in 90 patients and heterogeneous in other 16 patients. The intratumoral heterogeneity was related to patient age (p=0.016), tumor location (p=0.011) and the grade of differentiation (p=0.022). For patients with intratumoral heterogeneity, immunochemistry showed that the expressions of PPARD were not influenced by T/T or T/C genotypes. Intratumoral heterogeneity of PPARD -87 Tamp;gt;C widely existed in CRC, and associated with patient age, tumor location and differentiation. However, the immunochemistry assay revealed that there is no significant link between heterogeneity and expression of PPARD.
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| 14. |
- Pan, Wei-Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Direct Measurement of a Nonlocal Entangled Quantum State
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 123:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Entanglement and the wave function description are two of the core concepts that make quantum mechanics such a unique theory. A method to directly measure the wave function, using weak values, was demonstrated by Lundeen et al. [Nature 474, 188 (2011)]. However, it is not applicable to a scenario of two disjoint systems, where nonlocal entanglement can be a crucial element, since that requires obtaining weak values of nonlocal observables. Here, for the first time, we propose a method to directly measure a nonlocal wave function of a bipartite system, using modular values. The method is experimentally implemented for a photon pair in a hyperentangled state, i.e., entangled both in polarization and momentum degrees of freedom.
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| 15. |
- Pham, Tuan, et al.
(författare)
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Deep Learning of P73 Biomarker Expression in Rectal Cancer Patients
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). - : IEEE. - 9781728119854 - 9781728119861
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- By applying deep learning, we were able to compare p73 protein expression patterns of different tissue types including normal mucosa, primary tumor and lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer patients using immunohistochemical slides. The pair-wise pattern comparisons were automatedly carried out by considering color, edge, blobs, and other morphological information in the images. We discovered that when the pattern dissimilarity between primary tumor and lymph node metastasis is relatively low among other tissue pairs (primary tumor and distant normal, biopsy and distant normal, biopsy and primary tumor, biopsy and primary tumor, lymph node metastasis and distant normal, lymph node metastasis and biopsy), there was an implication of short-time survival. This original result suggests a novel application of advanced artificial intelligence in machine learning for clinical finding in rectal cancer and encourages relevant study of multiple biomarker expressions in cancer patients.
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| 16. |
- Subramaniam, Vimala Devi, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative study on anti-proliferative potentials of zinc oxide and aluminium oxide nanoparticles in colon cancer cells
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis. - : Mattioli 1885. - 0392-4203. ; 90:2, s. 241-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Use of commercial products containing nanoparticles formulated from zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminium oxide (Al2O-3) has increased significantly. These nanoparticles are widely used as ingredient in cosmetics, and also in food packaging industry although their toxicity status is yet to be studied. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and aluminium oxide nanoparticles (ANPs) in human HT29 colon cancer cell line.
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| 17. |
- Subramaniam, Vimala Devi, et al.
(författare)
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Health hazards of nanoparticles: understanding the toxicity mechanism of nanosized ZnO in cosmetic products
- 2019
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Ingår i: Drug and chemical toxicology (New York, N.Y. 1978). - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0148-0545 .- 1525-6014. ; 42:1, s. 84-93
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, nanoparticles are being used extensively in personal healthcare products such as cosmetics, sunscreens, soaps, and shampoos. Particularly, metal oxide nanoparticles are gaining competence as key industrial constituents, progressing toward a remarkable rise in their applications. Zinc oxide and titanium oxide nanoparticles are the most commonly employed metal oxide nanoparticles in sunscreens, ointments, foot care, and over the counter topical products. Dermal exposure to these metal oxides predominantly occurs through explicit use of cosmetic products and airway exposure to nanoparticle dusts is primarily mediated via occupational exposure. There is a compelling need to understand the toxicity effects of nanoparticles which can easily enter the cells and induce oxidative stress. Consequently, these products have become a direct source of pollution in the environment and thereby greatly impact our ecosystem. A complete understanding of the toxicity mechanism of nano-ZnO is intended to resolve whether and to what extent such nanoparticles may pose a threat to the environment and to human beings. In this review article, we have discussed the characteristics of metal oxide nanoparticles and its applications in the cosmetic industry. We have also highlighted about their toxicity effects and their impact on human health.
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| 18. |
- Wang, Chao-Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic value of nuclear FBI-1 in patients with rectal cancer with or without preoperative radiotherapy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Oncology Letters. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1792-1074 .- 1792-1082. ; 18:5, s. 5301-5309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Factor that binds to the inducer of short transcripts of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (FBI-1) represents as a crucial gene regulator in colorectal cancer; however, the correlation between FBI-1 and preoperative radiotherapy (RT) in rectal cancer (RC) has not yet been reported. The aim was to detect FBI-1 expression in patients with RC with or without RT, by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and to analyze its association with clinicopathological features and response to RT. The results from immunohistochemistry analysis (n=139) and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (n=55) demonstrated that FBI-1 was overexpressed in patients with RC, whether they had received preoperative RT or not. Subsequently, the association between FBI-1 expression, and the clinicopathological features and response to RT in patients with RC was analyzed. Cytoplasmic FBI-1 was upregulated in non-RT (n=77) and RT (n=62) groups (17.7 vs. 74.0%, P<0.001; 41.1 vs. 69.4%, P=0.002, respectively) of patients with RC compared with normal mucosa. However, nuclear FBI-1 was downregulated (75.8 vs. 22.1%, P<0.001; 83.9 vs. 35.5%, P<0.001, respectively) in both groups. RT had no significant effect on FBI-1 expression in RC tissues. Furthermore, nuclear FBI-1 was positively associated with tumor-node-metastasis stage and distant recurrence (P=0.003 and P=0.010, respectively). In patients with stage I, II or III RC, higher nuclear FBI-1 expression was associated with poorer disease-free survival [hazard ratio (HR)=1.934, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.055-3.579, P=0.033] and overall survival (HR=2.174, 95% CI: 1.102-4.290, P=0.025), independently of sex, age, growth pattern, differentiation and RT. In addition, FBI-1 was positively correlated with numerous biological factors, including p73 [Spearman's correlation coefficient (rs)=0.332, P=0.007], lysyl oxidase (rs=0.234, P=0.043), Wrap53 (rs=-0.425, P=0.0002) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (rs=-0.294, P=0.026). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that nuclear FBI-1 was an independent prognostic factor in patients with RC and correlated with numerous biological factors, which indicated that it may have multiple roles in RC.
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| 19. |
- Xu, Chao-Qun, et al.
(författare)
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Genome sequence of Malania oleifera, a tree with great value for nervonic acid production
- 2019
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Ingår i: GigaScience. - : Oxford University Press. - 2047-217X. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Malania oleifera, a member of the Olacaceae family, is an IUCN red listed tree, endemic and restricted to the Karst region of southwest China. This tree's seed is valued for its high content of precious fatty acids (especially nervonic acid). However, studies on its genetic makeup and fatty acid biogenesis are severely hampered by a lack of molecular and genetic tools. Findings We generated 51 Gb and 135Gb of raw DNA sequences, using Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) single-molecule real-time and 10x Genomics sequencing, respectively. A final genome assembly, with a scaffold N50 size of 4.65 Mb and a total length of 1.51Gb, was obtained by primary assembly based on PacBio long reads plus scaffolding with 10x Genomics reads. Identified repeats constituted approximate to 82% of the genome, and 24,064 protein-coding genes were predicted with high support. The genome has low heterozygosity and shows no evidence for recent whole genome duplication. Metabolic pathway genes relating to the accumulation of long-chain fatty acid were identified and studied in detail. Conclusions Here, we provide the first genome assembly and gene annotation for M. oleifera. The availability of these resources will be of great importance for conservation biology and for the functional genomics of nervonic acid biosynthesis.
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| 20. |
- Xu, Xiao-Ye, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of Nonlocal Variables and Demonstration of the Failure of the Product Rule for a Pre- and Postselected Pair of Photons
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 122:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the first implementation of the von Neumann instantaneous measurements of nonlocal variables, which becomes possible due to technological achievements in creating hyperentangled photons. Tests of reliability and of the nondemolition property of the measurements have been performed with high precision, showing the suitability of the scheme as a basic ingredient of numerous quantum information protocols. The method allows us to demonstrate for the first time with strong measurements a special feature of pre- and postselected quantum systems: the failure of the product rule. It has been verified experimentally that for a particular pre- and postselected pair of particles, a single measurement on particle A yields with certainty sigma(A)(x) = -1, a single measurement on particle B yields with certainty sigma(B)(y) = -1, and a single nonlocal measurement on particles A and B yields with certainty sigma(A)(x) sigma(B)(y) = -1.
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