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- Faskunger, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of obesity in immigrants compared with Swedes in two deprived neighbourhoods
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite a strong social gradient in the prevalence of obesity, there is little scientific understanding of obesity in people settled in deprived neighbourhoods. Few studies are actually based on objectively measured data using random sampling of residents in deprived neighbourhoods. In addition, most studies use a crude measure, the body mass index, to estimate obesity. This is of concern because it may cause inaccurate estimations of the true prevalence and give the wrong picture of the factors associated with obesity. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of, and analyse the sociodemographic factors associated with, three indices of obesity in different ethnic groups settled in two deprived neighbourhoods in Sweden. Methods: Height and weight, waist circumference and body fat percentage were objectively measured in a random sample (n = 289). Sociodemographic data were obtained through a survey. Established cut-offs were used to determine obesity. Country of birth was categorized as Swedish, Other European, and Middle Eastern. Odds ratios were estimated by unconditional logistic regression. Results: One third of the sample was classified as obese overall, with 39.0% of women being abdominally obese. After adjusting for age, we found higher odds of obesity in Middle Eastern women than in Swedish women regardless of outcome with odds ratios ranging between 2.74 and 5.53. Men of other European origin had higher odds of BMI obesity than Swedish men. Most associations between country of birth and obesity remained in the full model. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the magnitude of the obesity problem and the need for prevention programmes targeting native and immigrant adults in deprived neighbourhoods in Sweden. The initiatives should also focus on particular groups, e. g. immigrant women and those experiencing economic difficulties. Further studies are needed on behavioural and environmental factors influencing the risk of obesity in residents settled in deprived neighbourhoods.
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| 2. |
- Hemminki, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Familial risks for hospitalized Graves' disease and goiter
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - 1479-683X. ; 161:4, s. 623-629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Familial Clustering of a disease is an indicator of a possible heritable Cause. provided that environmental sharing can be excluded. Thus. data on familial risks are important For genetic Studies and for clinical genetic counseling. Design: We carried Out a nationwide family study on nontoxic and toxic nodular goiters, and Graves' disease in order to search for familial clustering of these diseases at the population level. Methods: The Swedish Multigeneration Register on 0-75 year old Subjects was linked to the Hospital Discharge Register from years 1987 to 2007. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for offspring of affected parents and for siblings by comparing to those whose relatives had no hospitalization for thyroid disease. Results: The number of hospitalized patients in the offspring generations was 11 659 for nontoxic goiter, 9514 for Graves' disease, and 1728 For toxic nodular goiter. Familial Cases accounted for 8.2, 5.2, and 2.1% of all patients respectively The highest familial risk for offspring of affected parents was noted for Graves' disease (SIR 3.87), followed by toxic nodular goiter (3.37) and nontoxic goiter (3.15). Familial risks were higher for affected siblings: toxic nodular goiter (11.66). Graves' disease (5.51). and nontoxic goiter (5.40). Weaker familial associations were observed between the three diseases. Conclusions: To Our knowledge this is it first population-based family study On these thyroid diseases. The observed high familial aggregation for defined thyroid diseases cannot be explained by the known genetic basis, calling for further Studies into genetic and environmental etiology of thyroid diseases.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ji, J., et al.
(författare)
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Cancer risk in hospitalized sarcoidosis patients: a follow-up study in Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-8041 .- 0923-7534. ; 20:6, s. 1121-1126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sarcoidosis patients show dysregulated immune function, which may be related to subsequent cancer. We examined here the overall and specific cancer risks among Swedish subjects who had been hospitalized for sarcoidosis. Methods: A sarcoidosis research database was created by identifying hospitalized sarcoidosis patients from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register and by linking them with the Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for cancers in sarcoidosis patients compared with subjects without sarcoidosis. Results: A total of 10 037 patients were hospitalized for sarcoidosis during years 1964-2004. Among them 1045 patients developed subsequent cancer, giving an overall SIR of 1.40 and 1.18 for cancer diagnosed later than 1 year of follow-up. A significant excess was noted for skin (squamous cell), kidney and nonthyroid endocrine tumors and additionally for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and leukemia. Patients with multiple hospitalizations showed high risks. Conclusions: A 40% overall excess incidence of cancer was noted among sarcoidosis patients, but the increase was confined mainly to the first year after hospitalization. However, the increased risks of skin cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and leukemia, especially for those with multiple hospitalizations or hospitalized at old age, call for clinical attention.
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| 5. |
- Li, Xinjun, et al.
(författare)
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Parental occupation and risk of hospitalization for asthma in children and adolescents.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Asthma. - 1532-4303. ; 46:8, s. 815-821
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our aim was to analyze risk of first hospital diagnosis of asthma in children (< 10 years) and adolescents (10 through 19 years) in Sweden between 1970 and 2004 by parental occupation, controlling for potential confounders. Data from the Multigeneration Register, in which all children born in Sweden from 1932 onward are registered with their parents, were linked to nationwide Hospital Register data. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. A total of 47,019 first hospital diagnoses of asthma were recorded in children and 9,032 in adolescents. After accounting for age at diagnosis, sex, socioeconomic status, geographic region, parental history of a first hospital diagnosis of asthma, and period of diagnosis, 17 parental occupational groups were associated with increased risk of first hospital diagnosis of asthma in children and 9 with increased risk in adolescents. Seven parental occupational groups were associated with significantly increased risks in both children and adolescents: "nurses," "assistant nurses," "drivers," "chemical process workers," "cooks and stewards," "home helpers," and "building caretakers and cleaners." Significantly decreased SIRs were observed for those whose parents had higher socioeconomic status. We conclude that parental occupation affects risk of first hospital diagnoses of asthma in children and adolescents.
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| 6. |
- Li, Xinjun, et al.
(författare)
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Risks of Rheumatic Diseases in First- and Second-Generation Immigrants in Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : Wiley. - 1529-0131 .- 0004-3591. ; 60:6, s. 1588-1596
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To examine whether there is an association between country of birth in first-generation immigrants and first hospitalization for a rheumatic disease, and to study whether any such association remains in second-generation immigrants. Methods. In this followup study, the Swedish MigMed database at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm was used to identify all primary hospital diagnoses of rheumatic diseases in first- and second-generation immigrants in Sweden between January 1, 1964 and December 31, 2004. Incidence ratios, standardized with regard to age, geographic region, and socioeconomic status, were estimated by sex in first- and second-generation immigrants. Results. First-generation immigrants from Iraq had a higher risk of rheumatoid arthritis than did subjects in the native-born Swede reference group, and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus was increased in immigrants from Iraq and Africa; these raised risks persisted in the second generation. The lower risk of rheumatoid arthritis in some first-generation immigrants disappeared in the second generation. In groups of second-generation immigrants, the risk of ankylosing spondylitis was similar to the risk in the corresponding parental groups. Polish-born immigrants and second-generation Yugoslavs and Russians showed a significantly increased risk of systemic sclerosis. The raised risk of systemic sclerosis did not persist in the second generation, but was clustered in groups involved in certain blue collar occupations. Conclusion. Country of birth affected the risk of rheumatic disease. These findings indicate that both genetic and environmental factors are involved in the etiology of specific rheumatic diseases.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal cardiovascular disease risk in relation to the number of offspring born small for gestational age: national, multi-generational study of 2.7 million births.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 98, s. 985-989
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Aim: To investigate the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) births in relation to maternal history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) across two generations and additionally to analyse maternal CVD risk based on number of SGA offspring. Methods: We used register data from 1.4 million women and 2.7 million offspring. The outcome measures were risk of being SGA in relation to maternal total CVD (n = 10 436) across two generations, as well as risk of CVD in mothers in relation to the number of their SGA offspring, stratified by educational level. Results: Compared to no family history of CVD (reference) the hazard ratio (HR) for being SGA in female offspring was 1.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.13) for a positive maternal history of CVD. The highest risk was shown in daughters when both the mother and the grandmother had a history of CVD (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.24-1.39). There was a stepwise increased risk of CVD events in mothers in relation to the number of their SGA offspring (HR 1.41-1.86) when 'no SGA offspring' was used as reference. The risk of CVD in relation to SGA status was increased in the least educated group (HR 2.7-5.0) compared to the group with the highest level of education with no SGA offspring. Conclusion: The risk of SGA offspring and the risk of maternal CVD are mutually interdependent and both conditions increased in women with a low level of education.
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| 10. |
- Johnell, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Anxiolytic-hypnotic drug use associated with trust, social participation, and the miniaturization of community: A multilevel analysis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5347 .- 0277-9536. ; 62:5, s. 1205-1214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of social capital has gained wide interest in public health research in recent years. However, we suggest a concept that was introduced and developed by Fukuyama, named "miniaturization of community".. as an alternative to that of social capital. The concept of miniaturization of community emphasizes that a high level of social participation can be accompanied by a low level of trust, both at the individual and at the community level, which may in turn result in social disorder and lack of social cohesion. When society becomes more disordered, people may tend to feel more insecure and anxious. Use of anxiolytic-hypnotic drugs (AHDs) could under such circumstances be a coping strategy. In this study, we first wanted to investigate whether the contextual component of the miniaturization of community concept (i.e. area high social participation and low trust) is associated with individual AHD use, over and above individual characteristics. Secondly, we aimed to study whether people living in the same municipality share a similar probability of AHD use, after adjusting for individual characteristics, and if so, how large this contextual phenomenon is. We used data on 20,319 women and 17,850 men aged 18-79 years from 58 municipalities in six regions in central Sweden, who participated in the Life & Health year 2000 postal survey. We applied multilevel logistic regression analysis with individuals at the first level and areas at the second level. Our results suggest that living in an area with a high level of miniaturization of community seems to be associated with individual AHD use, beyond people's individual characteristics including their own level of social participation and trust. The concept of miniaturization of community may be an extension of the classic concept of social capital and may increase our understanding of contextual effects on health. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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