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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Svensson Daniel) srt2:(2020)"

Sökning: WFRF:(Svensson Daniel) > (2020)

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1.
  • Bataille, Christopher, et al. (författare)
  • Net-zero deep decarbonization pathways in Latin America : Challenges and opportunities
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 30
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This synthesis paper presents the objectives, approach and cross-cutting results of the Latin American Deep Decarbonization Pathways project (DDP-LAC). It synthesizes and compares detailed national and sectoral deep decarbonization pathways (DDPs) to 2050 compatible with the Paris Agreement objectives and domestic development priorities in Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru. The first five countries analysed in detail the energy system and agriculture, forestry and land use (AFOLU) at a high level, while Peru focussed on a detailed analysis of AFOLU given its predominance in its GHG emissions. While economy-wide results were produced, this paper focuses on the electricity, passenger transport, and AFOLU results because of their current emissions, potential to grow, and identification of successful strategies for decarbonization (e.g. switching to clean electricity and other net-zero emissions fuels across the economy; urban planning, mode shifting, and electrification in passenger transport; and intensive sustainable agriculture, assignment of land use rights and their enforcement and afforestation in AFOLU). It also highlights where significant emissions remain in 2050, notably in industry, AFOLU, freight, and oil and gas production, all areas for future research. It derives insights for the design of domestic policy packages and identifies priorities for international cooperation. This analysis provides critical information for Long-Term Strategies, Nationally Determined Contributions and Global Stocktaking in the context of the Paris Agreement.
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2.
  • Aidoukovitch, Alexandra, et al. (författare)
  • Antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and its pro-form, hCAP18, in desquamated epithelial cells of human whole saliva
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 128:1, s. 1-6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 is active against oral bacteria and has been demonstrated to be present in human saliva, but its distribution in different fractions of saliva is not known. LL-37 is formed from its intracellular pro-form, hCAP18, in an extracellular enzymatic reaction catalyzed by proteinase 3 and kallikrein 5. Here, we prepared cell-containing and cell-free fractions of unstimulated human whole saliva by centrifugation after depolymerization of mucins with dithiothreitol, and measured the levels of hCAP18/LL-37 in these fractions using ELISA. Cellular expression of hCAP18/LL-37 was determined by western blotting and immunocytochemistry. The ELISA analyses demonstrated that both cells and cell-free saliva contained hCAP18/LL-37. Western blot analysis of cell-pellet homogenates showed a strong band corresponding to hCAP18 at the correct molecular weight and a weak band corresponding to LL-37. Phase-contrast and light microscopy revealed that the cells consisted of desquamated epithelial cells. These cells expressed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for hCAP18/LL-37. The peripheral part of the cytoplasm, corresponding to the plasma membrane, was particularly rich in hCAP18/LL-37 immunoreactivity. No immunoreactivity was observed after omission of the primary antibody. We conclude that desquamated epithelial cells of human whole saliva contain antimicrobial hCAP18/LL-37, suggesting that these cells may take part in the innate immune system by harboring and releasing these peptides.
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  • Svensson, Daniel, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • Tränaren och tekniken : Om teknologins växande roll i svensk elitfotboll
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Idrottsforskaren. - Lund : Svensk Förening för Beteende- och Samhällsvetenskaplig Idrottsforskning (SVEBI). ; 2020
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • De senaste 100 åren har teknikens och vetenskapens betydelse för träning och tränarskap ökat lavinartat. Från att ha spelat en undanskymd roll under 1900-talets första hälft, har ny teknologi och nya forskningsrön, i syfte att förbättra prestationerna, blivit en central del av idrotten. Utvecklingen har kallats för en tekno-vetenskaplig revolution (Fouché, 2017). Det senaste decenniet har utvecklingen fortsatt och accelererat. Allt mer avancerad teknik används för att övervaka, utvärdera och optimera träningen i en rad sporter. Denna utveckling väcker frågor. Vad betyder den ökade användningen av avancerad teknik för coaching i praktiken? Vilka fördelar respektive risker kan uppstå och hur kan de hanteras? Dessa frågor är i fokus i ett pågående forskningsprojekt, som tittar närmare på användandet av teknik för att analysera idrottsliga prestationer inom svensk herrelitfotboll. Specifikt studerar vi teknikens roll för träningen i föreningarna i Allsvenskan.Genom att utrusta blivande tränare med verktyg för att själva hantera och värdera teknik i coachingen, kan många av de historiska misstagen (övertro på tekniska lösningar, oförmåga att kommunicera testresultat och andra värden på ett meningsfullt vis, etcetera) undvikas. Tekniken ger ökade möjligheter för tränare att mäta och i praktiken övervaka sina spelare. Detta ställer nya krav på etiska överväganden från både tränare och klubbar.
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6.
  • Abdelwahab, Mahmoud Tareq, et al. (författare)
  • Clofazimine pharmacokinetics in patients with TB : dosing implications
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0305-7453 .- 1460-2091. ; 75:11, s. 3269-3277
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Clofazimine is in widespread use as a key component of drug-resistant TB regimens, but the recommended dose is not evidence based. Pharmacokinetic data from relevant patient populations are needed to inform dose optimization. Objectives: To determine clofazimine exposure, evaluate covariate effects on variability, and simulate exposures for different dosing strategies in South African TB patients. Patients and methods: Clinical and pharmacokinetic data were obtained from participants with pulmonary TB enrolled in two studies with intensive and sparse sampling for up to 6 months. Plasma concentrations were measured by LC-MS/MS and interpreted with non-Linear mixed-effects modelling. Body size descriptors and other potential covariates were tested on pharmacokinetic parameters. We simulated different dosing regimens to safely shorten time to average daily concentration above a putative target concentration of 0.25 mg/L. Results: We analysed 1570 clofazimine concentrations from 139 participants; 79 (57%) had drug-resistant TB and 54 (39%) were HIV infected. Clofazimine pharmacokinetics were well characterized by a three-compartment model. Clearance was 11.5 L/h and peripheral volume 10500 L for a typical participant. Lower plasma exposures were observed in women during the first few months of treatment, explained by higher body fat fraction. Model-based simulations estimated that a Loading dose of 200 mg daily for 2 weeks would achieve average daily concentrations above a target efficacy concentration 37 days earlier in a typical TB participant. Conclusions: Clofazimine was widely distributed with a Long elimination half-Life. Disposition was strongly influenced by body fat content, with potential dosing implications for women with TB.
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7.
  • Dahl, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • Human host defense peptide LL-37 facilitates double-stranded RNA pro-inflammatory signaling through up-regulation of TLR3 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Inflammation Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1420-908X .- 1023-3830. ; 69:6, s. 579-588
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: The importance of human host defense peptide LL-37 in vascular innate immunity is not understood. Here, we assess the impact of LL-37 on double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) signaling in human vascular smooth muscle cells.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cellular import of LL-37 and synthetic dsRNA (poly I:C) were investigated by immunocytochemistry and fluorescence imaging. Transcript and protein expression were determined by qPCR, ELISA and Western blot. Knockdown of TLR3 was performed by siRNA.RESULTS: LL-37 was rapidly internalized, suggesting that it has intracellular actions. Co-stimulation with poly I:C and LL-37 enhanced pro-inflammatory IL-6 and MCP-1 transcripts several fold compared to treatment with poly I:C or LL-37 alone. Poly I:C increased IL-6 and MCP-1 protein production, and this effect was potentiated by LL-37. LL-37-induced stimulation of poly I:C signaling was not associated with enhanced import of poly I:C. Treatment with poly I:C and LL-37 in combination increased expression of dsRNA receptor TLR3 compared to stimulation with poly I:C or LL-37 alone. In TLR3 knockdown cells, treatment with poly I:C and LL-37 in combination had no effect on IL-6 and MCP-1 expression, showing loss of function.CONCLUSIONS: LL-37 potentiates dsRNA-induced cytokine production through up-regulation of TLR3 expression representing a novel pro-inflammatory mechanism.
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8.
  • Jaén-Luchoro, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • Corynebacterium sanguinis sp. nov., a clinical and environmental associated corynebacterium.
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Systematic and applied microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-0984 .- 0723-2020. ; 43:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Clinical and environmental-associated strains (n=17), genotypically related to Corynebacterium spp., yet distinct from any species of the genus Corynebacterium with validly published names, have been isolated during the last 20 years and tentatively identified as Corynebacterium sanguinis, although the combination, "Corynebacterium sanguinis" was never validly published. The comprehensive genotypic and phenotypic characterisations and genomic analyses in this study support the proposal for recognizing the species within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name, Corynebacterium sanguinis sp. nov., is reaffirmed and proposed. Strains of Corynebacterium sanguinis are Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, short, pleomorphic and coryneform bacilli, growing aerobically, with CO2. They contain mycolic acids, major respiratory menaquinones, MK-8 (II-H2) and MK-9 (II-H2), and polar lipids, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphoglycolipid, glycolipids and a novel lipid that remains to be characterized and identified. Strains of Corynebacterium sanguinis are genotypically most similar to Corynebacterium lipophiliflavum, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3% and rpoB sequence similarities of 94.9-95.2%. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis were able to clearly differentiate Corynebacterium sanguinis from the most closely related species. The genome size of Corynebacterium sanguinis is 2.28-2.37Mbp with 65.1-65.5mol% G+C content. A total of 2202-2318 ORFs were predicted, comprising 2141-2251 protein-encoding genes. The type strain is CCUG 58655T (=CCM 8873T=NCTC 14287T).
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9.
  • Krifors, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • The clinical impact of implementing GenMark ePlex blood culture panels for around-the-clock blood culture identification; a prospective observational study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 52:10, s. 705-712
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background:Implementing rapid molecular blood culture diagnostics in the clinical management of sepsis is essential for early pathogen identification and resistance gene testing. The GenMark ePlex blood culture panels offer a broad microbial spectrum with minimal hands-on time and approximately 1.5 h to result. Therefore, ePlex can be utilized at times when the clinical microbiology laboratory is unavailable. Methods:From 23 October 2019 to 30 December 2019, consecutive non-duplicate positive blood cultures signalling microbial growth at the 24 h/7 days-a-week available clinical chemistry laboratory between 9 pm and 7 am were analysed with ePlex. All blood cultures were transported to the microbiology laboratory the following day for conventional identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Results:We used ePlex to test 91 blood cultures, of which 86 had confirmed microbial growth. Eighty-one were positive for ePlex target pathogens. The ePlex results were in complete agreement with conventional methods in 72/81 (88.9%) of cases and available within a median of 10.9 h earlier. Resistance gene targets (11mecA and 1 CTX-M) were concordant with phenotypic susceptibility in all cases. In 18/86 (20.9%) of the patient cases, there was an opportunity to optimize antimicrobial therapy based on the ePlex result. The ePlex result affected clinical decision-making in 4/86 (4.7%) of the cases and reduced the average time to effective antimicrobial therapy by 8.9 h. Conclusions:Our implementation of ePlex is a feasible option to attain around-the-clock blood culture identification in many hospitals. It can significantly reduce time-to-pathogen identification and have an impact on clinical decision-making.
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10.
  • Kverneng Hultberg, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • The Impact of Anastomotic Leakage on Long-Term Function after Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. - : American Society of Colon & Rectal Surgeons. - 0012-3706 .- 1530-0358. ; 63:5, s. 619-628
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: It is still not clear whether anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer affects long-term functional outcome.Objective: To evaluate how anastomotic leakage following anterior resection for rectal cancer influences defecatory, urinary and sexual function.Design: In this retrospective population-based cohort study, patients were identified through the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry, which was also used for information on the exposure variable anastomotic leakage, and covariates.Settings: A nationwide register was used for including patients.Patients: All patients undergoing anterior resection for rectal cancer in Sweden from April 2011– June 2013 were included.Main Outcome Measures: Outcome was any defecatory, sexual or urinary dysfunction, assessed two years after surgery by a postal questionnaire. The association between anastomotic leakage and function was assessed in multivariable logistic and linear regression models, with adjustment for confounding.Results: Response rate was 82%, resulting in 1180 included patients. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 7.5%. A permanent stoma was more common among leak patients (44% vs. 9%; p<0.001). Leakage patients had an increased risk of aid use for fecal incontinence (OR 2.27; 95% CI 1.20-4.30) and reduced sexual activity (90% vs. 82%; p=0.003), while the risk of urinary incontinence was decreased (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.31-0.90). A sensitivity analysis assuming that a permanent stoma was created due to anorectal dysfunction strengthened the negative impact of leakage on defecatory dysfunction.Limitations: Limitations include the used questionnaire not having been previously validated, underreporting of anastomotic leakage in the register, and small patient numbers in the analysis of sexual symptoms.Conclusions:a Anastomotic leakage was found to statistically significantly increase the risk of aid use due to fecal incontinence and reduced sexual activity, though the impact on defecatory dysfunction might be underestimated, as permanent stomas are sometimes fashioned due to anorectal dysfunction. Further research is warranted, especially regarding urogenital function.
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