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- Boström, Pontus, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Hypoxia converts human macrophages into triglyceride-loaded foam cells.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. - 1524-4636. ; 26:8, s. 1871-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Atherosclerotic lesions have regions that are hypoxic. Because the lesion contains macrophages that are loaded with lipid, we investigated whether hypoxia can influence the accumulation of lipids in these cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: Exposure of human macrophages to hypoxia for 24 hours resulted in an increased formation of cytosolic lipid droplets and an increased accumulation of triglycerides. Exposure of the macrophages to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) increased the accumulation of cytosolic lipid droplets because of an increase in cellular cholesterol esters. The accumulation of lipid droplets in oxLDL-treated cells was further increased after hypoxia, caused by an increased level of triglycerides. Expression analyses combined with immunoblot or RT-PCR demonstrated that hypoxia increased the expression of several genes that could promote the accumulation of lipid droplets. Hypoxia increased the mRNA and protein levels of adipocyte differentiation-related protein (ADRP). It is well known that an increased expression of ADRP increases the formation of lipid droplets. Hypoxia decreased the expression of enzymes involved in beta-oxidation (acyl-coenzyme A synthetase and acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) and increased the expression of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase, an important enzyme in the fatty acid biosynthesis. Moreover, exposure to hypoxia decreased the rate of beta-oxidation, whereas the accumulation of triglycerides increased. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that exposure of human macrophages to hypoxia causes an accumulation of triglyceride-containing cytosolic lipid droplets. This indicates that the hypoxia present in atherosclerotic lesions can contribute to the formation of the lipid-loaded macrophages that characterize the lesion and to the accumulation of triglycerides in such lesions.
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- Eriksson, Jan R, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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SAMLIC : pilotförsöket
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Growing cities are increasing the demand for goods carrying traffic to function well with other traffic. The number of zones for unloading goods in the centre of Linköping is small compared to the number of delivery addresses and the number of goods distributors. The attendant phenomena are congestion and costs of congestion. Therefore the local network for freight forwarders in Linköping has taken the initiative to the SAMLIC project. SAMLIC stands for Coordinated Retail Distribution in Linköping City. The aim of SAMLIC is to create an economically and logistically efficient system for goods distribution that is persistent and friendly to the environment. Economic profitability is neccessary for a system with a joint venture in coordinated distribution. The savings with coordinated distribution for the freight forwarders must be of such a dimension that they find it profitable to join instead of delivering the goods by themselves. During a trial period of nine weeks in the spring of 2004 there was a coordinated distribution to the centre of Linköping. Three freight forwarders took part in this project. The experience of the trial shows that the needed number of trucks decreased by 33 %, the total time for the distribution decreased by 15-20 % and the total driving kilometers in the centre decreased by at least 50 %.
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| 7. |
- Landgren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Health before and after adoption from Eastern Europe
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 95:6, s. 720-725
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DESIGN: A population-based study of pre-adoption, arrival and post-adoption health.AIM: To report prenatal and postnatal background factors, morbidity, growth and development in adoptees from Eastern Europe.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All 99 children born in Eastern Europe between 1990 and 1995 and adopted to western Sweden during 1993-1997 were invited to participate in the study. Altogether, 76 (77%) participated. Medical records from the birth countries, from the examination at arrival and from medical reports made during a mean post-adoption period of 5 years were evaluated.RESULTS: Low birth weight (< or = 2500 g) occurred in 48%. Congenital malformations were found in 22%. The biological mothers of 33% of the children had been considered alcoholics, and 16% of the children's mothers had been diagnosed with a psychiatric disability. A high incidence of infectious diseases, neurodevelopment disorders and growth retardation had been noted during the pre-adoption period. Upon arrival in Sweden 75% were diagnosed with a medical condition, most often an infection. After a 5-year post-adoption period, small head circumference was associated with alcohol exposure during pregnancy and 46% had at least one neurodevelopment or behavioural disorder.CONCLUSION: Adverse prenatal and perinatal factors, congenital malformations and post-adoption neurodevelopment disorders were common. Adoptees and adopters have complex needs for health support and information.
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- Robinson, Nathaniel D, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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On the Current Saturation Observed in Electrochemical Polymer Transistors
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 153, s. 39-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochemical transistors based on conjugated polymers are proposed as a path to printed electronics on paper. The electrochemical doping/dedoping of conjugated polymers clearly plays a role in the current vs potential (I-V) characteristics of these devices, however, the mechanism of current saturation (often referred to as pinch-off) is not clearly understood, and the relationship between electrochemical devices and field-effect transistors is unclear. This paper offers a semiempirical model of the steady-state behavior of electrochemical transistors and compares this model with experimental observations of potential and electrochromic measurements within a device to illustrate the science behind the functionality observed. ©2006 The Electrochemical Society
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| 9. |
- Svensson, Marie, 1972-
(författare)
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The temperature-limited fed-batch technique for control of Escherichia coli cultures
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this study was to investigate the physiology and productivity in Escherichia colicultures with emphasis on the temperature-limited fed-batch (TLFB) culture. The TLFB techniquecontrols the oxygen consumption rate of the growing culture by a gradually declining temperaturefrom 37-35 °C down to 20-18 °C. The temperature regulated the DOT around a set-point (30 % airsat.), and all nutrients were in excess. Glucose was fed into the culture continuously, however, highacetate formation was avoided by keeping the glucose at a low, yet excessive, concentration. Thebiomass productivity was approximately the same in TLFB as in glucose-limited fed-batch (GLFB)cultures, since the specific growth rate and the oxygen consumption rate are limited by the oxygentransfer capacity of the reactor in both techniques.High concentrations of endotoxins were found in the medium of E. coli fed-batch cultures at lowspecific growth rates (below 0.1 h-1) and severe glucose limitation. In this thesis the TLFB techniquewas found to suppress the endotoxin release even at low specific growth rates. The repressed release of endotoxins in TLFB cultures was due to the high availability of glucose and not to the low growthrate or the lower temperature. The conclusion was drawn from comparing with the GLFB technique performed at 20 °C, which resulted in high endotoxin release.Extensive release of endotoxin, accompanied with high concentrations of soluble proteins was foundin a TLFB culture exposed to a higher energy dissipation rate, 16 kW m-3, instead of 2 kW m-3, due toa higher stirrer speed (1000 instead of 500 rpm). The hypothesis that this is a result of mechanicalstress is discussed in context with the common view that cells like E. coli, which are smaller than the Kolmogoroff’s microscale of turbulence, should not be influenced by the turbulence.TLFB cultured cells exhibited more stable cytoplasmic membranes when treated with osmotic shockas compared to the GLFB cultured cells. The concentrations of DNA and soluble proteins in the periplasmic extracts from the TLFB cultured cells were lower than from GLFB cultured cells. Inaddition, the specific productivity of periplasmic β-lactamase was higher in the TLFB cultures,suggesting that this technique could be an alternative for protein production. The solubility of apartially aggregated recombinant protein increased in the TLFB compared to the GLFB cultures.However some time after induction, in spite of the gradually declining temperature, the solublefraction decreased.For obtaining better understanding of the performance of the process and for identifying criticalparameters, a mathematical model was developed based on the growth, energy and overflowmetabolism at non-limiting nutrient conditions. The temperature-dependent maximum specific glucoseand oxygen uptake rates were determined in pH-auxostat cultures for temperatures ranging from 18 to37 °C. A dynamic simulation model of the TLFB technique was developed and the results were compared to experimental data. The simulation program was also used for sensitivity analysis of some physiological and process parameters to study the impact on biomass concentration and temperatureprofiles. An effect on the biomass concentration profile but not on the temperature profile wasobserved when changing the oxygen transfer coefficient. If the maximum specific glucose uptake ratewas altered, or if the glucose concentration was permitted to assume other values, the temperatureprofile but not the biomass concentration profile was influenced. Cell death affected both the biomassconcentration profile and the temperature profile.
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- Svensson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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An evaluation of 2D-wavelet filters for estimation of differences in textures of pharmaceutical tablets
- 2006
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Ingår i: Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-7439 .- 1873-3239. ; 84:1-2, s. 3-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In chemical imaging spectra are acquired over a surface with one spectrum for each pixel of the image. The obtained spectra usually carry a mixture of chemical and physical information. One may view the properties that vary over the image, the mean spectral magnitude from separate wavelength intervals, or better, PCA scores may be shown as images.In this way a multitude of images are compressed to a few images that in the PCA case are representative for the main variation in the sample images. These images may be viewed manually and deductions as to e.g. differences in homogeneity can be made. At an increased rate of samples, the observer will have difficulties coping with the repetitive work and different observers will most likely have slightly different interpretations. In order to automate the process of estimation of e.g. homogeneity and particle density, image filters can be used to calculate a small set of texture descriptors for each image. Calculations based on the 2D versions of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) using Daubechies 14 and the dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) using near-symmetric 13, 19 tap filters in combination with q-shift 14, 14 tap filters were evaluated for this purpose.The aim with this work is to evaluate texture descriptors based on a combination of 2D-wavelet filters and energy, i.e. l(1)-norm, calculations for each wavelet scale. These descriptors are then used as observations for overview in e.g. PCA. In this way the texture differences can be ranked by ordinary use of PCA or PLS.This method is tested on multivariate near infrared images of pharmaceutical tablets. Score images are selected to represent variations of the aggregate density and sizes in the compressed tablets. Images are shifted and rotated to compare shift and rotational independence of the texture descriptors.
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