| 1. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characteristics and biological parameters in temperamental clusters of suicide attempters
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - 1573-2517. ; 44:1, s. 45-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sample of 215 suicide attempters was categorized in a cluster analysis into four groups according to temperamental trails. Monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid were analysed (n = 106). Dexamethasone suppression tests (DST) were performed (n = 154) and the activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase in platelets (pl-MAO) was assessed (n = 103). Patients belonging to the two clusters with the most deviant temperament profiles (nos 2 and 3) were young and scored high on the Beck Hopelessness Scale and the Suicide Assessment Scale. "Cluster 3" ("neurotic, impulsive, aggressive") patients often had dysthymia and axis II, cluster B diagnoses (e.g. borderline or histrionic personality). "Cluster 2" ("neurotic and introverted") patients often had major depression. The "Cluster 1", with on the whole a normal temperament profile, had significantly higher levels of post-DST cortisol than the other clusters. The "Cluster 4" had a normal temperament profile. Adjustment disorders were most common in "Cluster 1" and "Cluster 4". The monoamine metabolite levels did not differ between the clusters, and the differences in pl-MAO activity disappeared after adjusting for age and gender. The results suggest that temperament profiles in suicide attempters are related to psychiatric diagnoses, suicidality, hopelessness, and post-DST cortisol, but are not predictive of completed suicide.
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| 2. |
- Lundvik Gyllensten, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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Psychomotor functioning in suicide attempters. An explorative study using the Resource Oriented Body Examination of Bunkan
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 51:3, s. 193-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within physical therapy there is a tradition of focusing on body-oriented resources and psychomotor functioning. The aim of the present explorative study was to describe psychomotor functioning such as patterns of muscular tension, posture, resistance to passive movements, respiration, and reactions to palpation in a group of suicide attempters admitted to the Lund Suicide Research Center, Sweden. Fe-three consecutive patients were included in the study (28 women and 25 men; mean age, 42 years; standard deviation, 13; range, 21-80 years). The Resource Oriented Body Examination (ROBE) of Buncan was used to assess psychomotor functioning. In addition, some other tests were undertaken, such as laboratory tests (monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma cortisol after dexamethasone) and temperament ratings. Results indicated that the patients generally showed a high level of psychomotor disturbance as compared with reference values. The ROBE total score was significantly higher in patients who later completed suicide than in the non-completer group (P = 0.02). Two ROBE subgroups were identified. The hypotonic group (n = 19) showed a higher frequency of respiration disturbances (P = 0.01) than the hypertonic group (n = 34). The hypotonic subgroup also had a significantly higher rate of completed suicides at a follow-up 5 years later (P = 0.048). With regard to biochemical tests, the hypotonic group comprised significantly more cases with high levels of cortisol after dexamethasone (P = 0.02). In conclusion, controlled studies of psychomotor functioning in suicide attempters ought to be performed. In our opinion the results of the present study enerate interesting hypotheses.
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| 3. |
- Magne-Ingvar, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Suicide attempters with and without reported overconsumption of alcohol and tranquillizers
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 51:6, s. 415-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the present study were to investigate the existence of overconsumption of alcohol and tranquillizers in suicide attempters and whether overconsumers differ from those with no overconsumption. One hundred and twenty-six patients, evaluated and treated after a suicide attempt in a psychiatric ward, took part in a comprehensive investigation. This included questions on consumption of alcohol and tranquillizers and use of illegal drugs, independently of the psychiatric diagnostic procedure. More than half of the patients (59%) reported overconsumption of any kind or use of illegal drugs; 47% overconsumed alcohol (13% in a combination with tranquillizers), 10% overconsumed tranquillizers only, and 2% had used illegal drugs. Compared with non-overconsumers, overconsumers had more often made previous suicide attempts, and psychiatric co-morbidity on DSM III-R was commoner among overconsumers. The parents of overconsumers had more often been treated for psychiatric disorders, and alcoholism among fathers was commoner. The overconsumers of alcohol were younger and less often married, had a weaker social network, and had lower platelet monoamine oxidase activity. The psychosocial characteristics found in overconsumers underline the need for identification of these subjects, to prevent an escalation of a self-destructive life-style. A thorough investigation concerning use of alcohol and other substances is therefore essential in all suicide attempters; otherwise there is a risk that overconsumers without a DSM III-R diagnosis of substance use disorder may be undetected.
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| 4. |
- Westrin, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Correlations between plasma-neuropeptides and temperament dimensions differ between suicidal patients and healthy controls
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - 1573-2517. ; 49:1, s. 45-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Decreased plasma levels of plasma-neuropeptide Y (NPY) and plasma-corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), and increased levels of plasma delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) in suicide attempters with mood disorders have previously been observed. This study was performed in order to further understand the clinical relevance of these findings. METHODS: Examination of correlates between temperament dimensions (Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire together with the IVE- impulsiveness scale (EPQI), and the Marke-Nyman Temperament (MNT)) and NPY, CRH and DSIP and serum-cortisol in the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in 38 suicidal patients and matched controls. RESULTS: NPY correlated significantly and positively with psychasthenia, irritability, and stability and significantly and negatively with validity in patients, but significantly and negatively with muscular tension, psychasthenia, verbal aggression and irritability in controls. DSIP correlated significantly and positively with impulsiveness (EPQI) in controls. CRH correlated negatively with lie in controls. Cortisol correlated significantly and positively with validity, extraversion and verbal aggression and significantly and negatively with inhibition of aggression in controls. CONCLUSION: NPY may be related to stress tolerance. DSIP seems to be associated with impulsivity/antisocial traits. LIMITATIONS: Non-suicidal patients were not included in the examination. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The state of depression or stress seems to influence the correlations studied.
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