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| 2. |
- Malmstedt, J, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of perioperative blood glucose levels on outcome after infrainguinal bypass surgery in patients with diabetes
- 2006
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 93:11, s. 1360-1367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: High glucose levels are associated with increased morbidity and mortality after coronary surgery and in intensive care. The influence of perioperative hyperglycaemia on the outcome after infrainguinal bypass surgery among diabetic patients is largely unknown. The aim was to determine whether high perioperative glucose levels were associated with increased morbidity after infrainguinal bypass surgery.METHODS: Ninety-one consecutive diabetic patients undergoing primary infrainguinal bypass surgery were identified from a prospective vascular registry. Risk factors, indication for surgery, operative details and outcome data were extracted from the medical records. Exposure to perioperative hyperglycaemia was measured using the area under the curve (AUC) method; the AUC was calculated using all blood glucose readings during the first 48 h after surgery.RESULTS: Multivariable analysis showed that the AUC for glucose (odds ratio (OR) 13.35, first versus fourth quartile), renal insufficiency (OR 4.77) and infected foot ulcer (OR 3.38) was significantly associated with poor outcome (death, major amputation or graft occlusion at 90 days). Similarly, the AUC for glucose (OR 14.45, first versus fourth quartile), female sex (OR 3.49) and tissue loss as indication (OR 3.30) was associated with surgical wound complications at 30 days.CONCLUSION: Poor perioperative glycaemic control was associated with an unfavourable outcome after infrainguinal bypass surgery in diabetic patients.
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| 4. |
- Gonzalez, Helena, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Photostability of commercial sunscreens upon sun exposure and irradiation by ultraviolet lamps
- 2007
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Ingår i: BMC Dermatol. - 1471-5945. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Sunscreens are being widely used to reduce exposure to harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The fact that some sunscreens are photounstable has been known for many years. Since the UV-absorbing ingredients of sunscreens may be photounstable, especially in the long wavelength region, it is of great interest to determine their degradation during exposure to UV radiation. Our aim was to investigate the photostability of seven commercial sunscreen products after natural UV exposure (UVnat) and artificial UV exposure (UVart). METHODS: Seven commercial sunscreens were studied with absorption spectroscopy. Sunscreen product, 0.5 mg/cm2, was placed between plates of silica. The area under the curve (AUC) in the spectrum was calculated for UVA (320-400 nm), UVA1 (340-400 nm), UVA2 (320-340 nm) and UVB (290-320 nm) before (AUCbefore) and after (AUCafter) UVart (980 kJ/m2 UVA and 12 kJ/m2 of UVB) and before and after UVnat. If theAUC Index (AUCI), defined as AUCI = AUCafter/AUCbefore, was > 0.80, the sunscreen was considered photostable. RESULTS: Three sunscreens were unstable after 90 min of UVnat; in the UVA range the AUCI was between 0.41 and 0.76. In the UVB range one of these sunscreens was unstable with an AUCI of 0.75 after 90 min. Three sunscreens were photostable after 120 min of UVnat; in the UVA range the AUCI was between 0.85 and 0.99 and in the UVB range between 0.92 and 1.0. One sunscreen showed in the UVA range an AUCI of 0.87 after UVnat but an AUCI of 0.72 after UVart. Five of the sunscreens were stable in the UVB region. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that several sunscreens are photounstable in the UVA range after UVnat and UVart. There is a need for a standardized method to measure photostability, and the photostability should be marked on the sunscreen product.
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| 5. |
- Grahn, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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New crystal structures of human glutathione transferase A1-1 shed light on glutathione binding and the conformation of the C-terminal helix.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. - 0907-4449. ; 62:Pt 2, s. 197-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human glutathione transferase A1-1 is a well studied enzyme, but despite a wealth of structural and biochemical data a number of aspects of its catalytic function are still poorly understood. Here, five new crystal structures of this enzyme are described that provide several insights. Firstly, the structure of a complex of the wild-type human enzyme with glutathione was determined for the first time at 2.0 angstroms resolution. This reveals that glutathione binds in the G site in a very similar fashion as the glutathione portion of substrate analogues in other structures and also that glutathione binding alone is sufficient to stabilize the C-terminal helix of the protein. Secondly, we have studied the complex with a decarboxylated glutathione conjugate that is known to dramatically decrease the activity of the enzyme. The T68E mutant of human glutathione transferase A1-1 recovers some of the activity that is lost with the decarboxylated glutathione, but our structures of this mutant show that none of the earlier explanations of this phenomenon are likely to be correct. Thirdly, and serendipitously, the apo structures also reveal the conformation of the crucial C-terminal region that is disordered in all previous apo structures. The C-terminal region can adopt an ordered helix-like structure even in the apo state, but shows a strong tendency to unwind. Different conformations of the C-terminal regions were observed in the apo states of the two monomers, which suggests that cooperativity could play a role in the activity of the enzyme.
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| 6. |
- Heuberger, Peter S.C., et al.
(författare)
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Modelling and Identification with Rational Orthogonal Basis Functions
- 2005. - 1
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Models of dynamical systems are of great importance in almost all fields of science and engineering and specifically in control, signal processing and information science. A model is always only an approximation of a real phenomenon so that having an approximation theory which allows for the analysis of model quality is a substantial concern. The use of rational orthogonal basis functions to represent dynamical systems and stochastic signals can provide such a theory and underpin advanced analysis and efficient modelling. It also has the potential to extend beyond these areas to deal with many problems in circuit theory, telecommunications, systems, control theory and signal processing.Nine international experts have contributed to this work to produce thirteen chapters that can be read independently or as a comprehensive whole with a logical line of reasoning:Construction and analysis of generalized orthogonal basis function model structure;System Identification in a time domain setting and related issues of variance, numerics, and uncertainty bounding;System identification in the frequency domain;Design issues and optimal basis selection;Transformation and realization theory.Modelling and Identification with Rational Orthogonal Basis Functions affords a self-contained description of the development of the field over the last 15 years, furnishing researchers and practising engineers working with dynamical systems and stochastic processes with a standard reference work.
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| 8. |
- Kalibbala, Herbert, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of Moringa Oleifera as a coagulant aid on the removal of trihalomethane (THM) precursors and iron from drinking water
- 2009
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 1606-9749 .- 1607-0798. ; 9:6, s. 707-714
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chlorine is used as a disinfectant and an oxidant in drinking water treatment to protect the public health from pathogenic microorganisms. However, if applied to raw water with humic materials, it leads to the formation of halogenated organic compounds that are a potentially serious environmental and health problem. This renders pre-chlorination of raw waters to oxidise iron inappropriate. Coagulation, the principal treatment process for removal of THM precursors, is therefore essential for chlorination by-product control. In this study, the impact of pre-chlorination and the performance of Moringa oleifera as a coagulant aid at Masaka waterworks were assessed. An average increase of trihalomethanes of over 4,000% at aeration and pre-chlorination stage was observed at the plant. From the jar tests, alum with Moringa oleifera reduced dissolved organic concentration by 47.1%. The treated water after sedimentation tasted salty but after filtration and chlorination, the salty taste disappeared. Residual iron values of 1.38 mg/L and 3.05 mg/L were achieved with MOC-SC as coagulant aid and alum alone respectively. The jar test results indicated that use of alum with Moringa oleifera as coagulant aid is promising as a first stage in the treatment train for waters with humic materials and high content of iron
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| 9. |
- Kasimagwa, Ismail, et al.
(författare)
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Slagline refractory
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings for the SCANMET III-3rd International Conference on Process Development in Iron and Steel making. ; , s. 377-384
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Kasimagwa, Ismail, et al.
(författare)
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Slagline refractory
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings for the SCANMET III-3rd International Conference on Process Development in Iron and Steel making. ; , s. 377-384
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important part to develop in existing ladle metallurgy processes is the ladle as a reaction vessel. The ladle refractory has several vital functions and must withstand chemical, thermal and mechanical wear for longer ladle cycle times to meet higher steelmaking productivity and lower production costs. Extensive refractory wear can be caused by complex united actions such as refractory manufacturing, ladle metallurgy practice, steel and slag composition. A special exposed area is the refractory slagline. The presented results come from one collaborative project with academic work and industrial trials to identify causes of extensive wear in the slagline. The investigation has been carried out on the slagline MgO-refractories after service. The microscopy characterisation results have then been compared to those from thermodynamic calculations by Thermo-Calc software. It was found that the refractory microstructure at the hot-face had been totally or partly penetrated and reacted by slag. The observed phases were magnesia-alumina spinel, slag, calcium silicates and dispersed metallic iron rich phases. Closer analyses of the slag phase showed the presence of calcium silicates and calcium aluminates and some few Mg-Al spinel phases. Further away from the hot-face towards the cold-face, the microstructure was composed mainly of magnesia, small calcium silicates phases and a carbon rich phase and therefore less affected. The project shows that it is possible to combine the characterisation results from the ostmortem studies of the refractories after service with the thermodynamic calculations so that the information about the corrosion behaviour and the microstructure changes of the refractories at refining conditions can be achieved. Further work to test new refractory materials by industrial trials combined with academic work will be performed.
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