| 1. |
- Richards, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature. - 1476-4687. ; 452:7190, s. 949-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tribolium castaneum is a representative of earth’s most numerous eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and also an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved an ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment as evidenced by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as p450 and other detoxification enzymes. Developmental patterns in Tribolium are more representative of other arthropods than those found in Drosophila, a fact represented in gene content and function. For one, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, and some are expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short germ development. Systemic RNAi in T. castaneum appears to use mechanisms distinct from those found in C. elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control.
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| 2. |
- Liu, Hai-Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of 3-aryl-5-t-butylsalicylaldehydes and their chiral Schiff base compounds
- 2007
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Ingår i: Synthetic Communications. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0039-7911 .- 1532-2432. ; 37:19-21, s. 3815-3826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six meta-substituted salicylaldehyde compounds have been prepared in 68-90% yields by the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction using 3-bromo-5-t-butylsalicylaldehyde (la) and arylboronic acids (2a-f) as reactants. Among the obtained products, 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-t-butylsalicylaldehyde (3b), 3-(4-methylphenyl)-5-t-butylsalicylaldehyde (3d), 3-(1-naphthyl)-5-t-butylsalicylaldehyde (3e), and 3-(2-naphthyl)-5-t-butylsalicylaldehyde (3f) have not been reported so far. A series of new Schiff base ligands (L1-L10) were obtained in 51-89% yields from these salicylaldehyde derivatives.
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| 3. |
- Wang, Chao-Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Clinicopathological significance of microRNA-31, -143 and -145 expression in colorectal cancer
- 2009
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Ingår i: Disease Markers. - 0278-0240 .- 1875-8630. ; 26:1, s. 27-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We are just beginning to understand how microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in tumor-related processes in humans. Applying real-time RT-PCR, we investigated the miR-31, miR-143 and miR-145 expression in 98 primary CRC specimens, along with the corresponding normal mucosa specimens, and analyze the relationship of their expression with clinicopathological features. Our results showed the miR-31 expression was up-regulated in CRC compared to normal mucosa (p = 0.001). Furthermore, miR-31 expression was positively related to advanced TNM stage (p = 0.026) and deeper invasion of tumors (p = 0.024). MiR-145 was down-regulated in both colon (p = 0.001) and rectal (p = 0.012) cancer. MiR-143 was only down-regulated in colon cancer (p = 0.023) but not in rectal cancer (p = 0.351). There was no relationship of miR-143 and miR-145 expression with other clinicopathological features (p > 0.05), except that the miR-145 expression was related to cancer site (p = 0.03). In conclusion, the miR-31 overexpression may be involved in the development and progression of CRC. The miR-143 and miR-145 may play a certain role in the development of colon and/or rectal cancers but not in progression of the disease.
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| 4. |
- Wang, Mo-Jin, et al.
(författare)
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The Ile646Val (2073A > G) Polymorphism in the Kinase-Binding Domain of A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 10 and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer
- 2009
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Ingår i: ONCOLOGY. - : S. Karger AG. - 0030-2414 .- 1423-0232. ; 76:3, s. 199-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the Ile646Val (2073A>G) polymorphism in the kinase-binding domain of A-kinase anchoring protein 10 (AKAP10) is related to the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), clinicopathological variables and the environmental factors for the development of CRC. Methods: Applying TaqMan allelic discrimination, we investigated AKAP10 Ile646Val (2073A>G) polymorphism in 288 Chinese CRC patients and 281 healthy controls. Results: Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association of AKAP10 Ile646Val (2073A>G) polymorphism with increased CRC risk (adjusted OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.01-2.07, p = 0.02). Stratification analysis showed that the increased risk associated with the variant genotypes (GG+AG) was more evident in male subjects (adjusted OR = 1.48, 95% CI 0.94-2.34, p = 0.03). Compared with the AA genotype, the adjusted OR for the variant genotypes was 1.81 (95% CI 1.08 - 3.05, p = 0.01) among young subjects (age ! 57 years). Among individuals who did not smoke or who smoked lightly, there was a significantly increased risk with the variant genotypes (adjusted OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.08 - 2.56, p = 0.02). We did not observe a relationship between the AKAP10 polymorphism and other clinicopathological and environmental factors. Conclusions: Our data suggested that the AKAP10 2073A>G variation is associated with an increased risk of CRC in the Chinese population.
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| 5. |
- Xu, Bing, et al.
(författare)
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Clinicopathological significance of caspase-8 and caspase-10 expression in rectal cancer
- 2008
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Ingår i: Oncology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0890-9091 .- 0030-2414 .- 1423-0232. ; 74:3-4, s. 229-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the expression of caspase-8 and -10 in rectal adenoma, adenocarcinoma and the corresponding normal mucosa tissue, and to clarify the relationship between their expression and clinicopathological parameters of rectal cancer. Methods: The expression of caspase-8 and -10 was determined by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in 36 rectal adenomas, 93 rectal cancers and 93 corresponding normal rectal mucosa samples. Results: Compared with normal mucosa, the mRNA expression of caspase-8 was higher in adenomas (p = 0.003), while that of caspase-10 was lower in adenomas (p = 0.035) and cancers (p = 0.001). Immunohistochemical results showed caspase-8 up-regulation in adenomas (p = 0.014), and caspase-10 down-regulation in adenomas (p = 0.034) and cancers (p < 0.001) compared with normal mucosa samples. Cancers with poor differentiation had lower caspase-10 mRNA and protein levels than those with better differentiation (p = 0.041 and p = 0.046, respectively). The protein expression of caspase-8 and -10 was in accordance with the mRNA expression (p = 0.043 and p = 0.018, respectively). Conclusions: Caspase-8 expression was up-regulated in rectal adenomas. Caspase-10 expression was down-regulated in both rectal adenomas and cancers, and was further related to differentiation. Caspase-8 and -10 may be involved in the pathogenesis of rectal cancer. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG.
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| 6. |
- Chen, Baowei, et al.
(författare)
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Methylation of inorganic mercury by methylcobalamin in aquatic systems
- 2007
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Ingår i: Applied organometallic chemistry. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0268-2605 .- 1099-0739. ; 21:6, s. 462-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The methylation of inorganic Hg(II) by methylcobalamin in aquatic systems was studied using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV-digestion cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC-UV-CV AFS). Monomethylmercury (MMC) could be positively identified as the reaction product in the aqueous solution. The salinity and pH of the aquatic system have great effects on the formation of MMC, because they could change the species of the reactants in the solution. From an electrophile reaction point of view, salinity and pH alter the electron density of the methyl donor and the electrophilicity of metal ion in the reaction system. This methylation of inorganic Hg(II) is shown to be possible even in highly saline solutions, which indicates its importance in aquatic environments. Kinetic experiments showed that the methylation reaction was fast and first-order for Hg(II). The first-order reaction rate was determined to be 0.00612 and 0.000287 min-1 for pH 5.0 and 1.5, respectively. It is suggested that this methylation could occur in the absence of enzymes, in which Hg(II) acts as an electrophile to attack methylcobalamin with a subsequent transfer of carbanion methyl group to the higher oxidized state of Hg(II).
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| 7. |
- Chen, Baowei, et al.
(författare)
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Simulate methylation reaction of arsenic(III) with methyl iodide in an aquatic system
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied organometallic chemistry. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0268-2605 .- 1099-0739. ; 20:11, s. 747-753
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The methylation reaction of inorganic arsenic occurring in aquatic systems was studied by HPLC-HGAFS as a method to separate and detect soluble methylarsenic species. Transformation from inorganic arsenic to methylarsenic was essential for major changes in toxicity to organisms. Monomethylarsenic [AsOCH(3)(OH)(2)] was the only product in the methylation reaction of inorganic arsenic(III) with methyl iodide (MeI). This process can be described as an oxidative carbonium-ion transfer, with MeI acting as a methyl donor. From a thermodynamic point of view, the activity of the carbonium ion and pH were the two major influencing factors. The pH dependence of redox potential of As(III) was the reason for the effect of pH on methylation of arsenic. The influences of salinity and concentration of the methyl donor may be explained by their effects on the activity of carbonium. Moreover, kinetics experiments demonstrated that the methylation reaction was first-order for both As(III) and methyl iodide. First-order reaction rates were also calculated at different pH, salinity and MeI, and were found to be in the range 0.0026-0.0123 h(-1). The methylation rate varied largely under different reaction conditions.
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| 8. |
- Di, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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A novel composite electrolyte based on CeO2 for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Inorganic Materials. - 1000-324X. ; 23:3, s. 573-577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel composite material based on mixture of samarium-doped ceria (SDC)-carbonate was studied as electrolyte in low temperature solid oxide fuel cells. The phase and microstructures of composite electrolyte were examined by XRD and SEM. The electrical conductivity was investigated by AC impedance spectroscopy at 400-700 degrees C in different atmospheres. An abrupt change in the conductivity at about 500 degrees C indicates that different mechanisms affect transfer in different temperature ranges. The conductivity increases with the carbonate fraction above 500 degrees C. The conductivity in reduce atmosphere is higher than that in oxide atmosphere. An anode-supported fuel cell using SDC-carbonate as electrolyte was fabricated and tested. The result shows that all the composite electrolytes exhibit better performance than pure SDC electrolyte. The electrolyte with 20wt% carbonate can achieve the highest power density of 415mW center dot cm(-2) and an open circuit voltage of 1.00V at 500 degrees C.
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| 9. |
- Elsik, Christine G., et al.
(författare)
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The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle : A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 324:5926, s. 522-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
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| 10. |
- Feng, B., et al.
(författare)
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Catalysts and performances for direct methanol low temperature (300 to 600°C) ceramic fuel cells
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proc. Eur. Fuel Cell Technol. Applic. Conf. Book Abstr.. - 0791842096 - 9780791842096
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low temperature (300 to 600°C) ceramic fuel cells promise high efficiencies in a range of fuels other than pure hydrogen. In this case, liquid hydrocarbon fuels, e.g., methanol can be easily thermally decomposed to H2 and CO that can be directly used for fuel cell operation without external reformer leading to simple system and high efficient operation. In the present work, a novel anode catalyst C-MO-CeO2 (C=activated carbon/carbon black, M=Cu, Ni, Co) was synthesized employing citrate/nitrate combustion technique. And acceptable performances, e.g. power intensity of 0.20 W cm-2, were achieved by directly operating the methanol at 560°C. Also the carbon deposition and cracking on anode were studied as thermal decomposing of methanol. Transition metal oxides of CuO with n-type conductivity and NiO, CoO with p-type conductivity, possess catalytic activity of the electrochemical oxidation for liquid hydrocarbon fuels. CeO2 becomes an oxide-ion and electron mixed conductor in the reducing fuel environment, which can expand the reaction zone beyond three-phase boundaries, can store and transfer oxygen ions, so it can also enhance the catalytic oxidation of methanol. In addition, carbon materials e.g., activated carbon and carbon black were used to improve the characters of anode materials, especially to enhance the anode electronic conductivity and catalyst function to liquid hydrocarbon fuels. In contrast to LaCrO3-based, Ni-YSZ-based anode materials, C-MO-CeO2 can be synthesized more economically. Thus there arc considerable interests and demands in finding alternative anodes composites.
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