| 1. |
- Aglago, Elom K., et al.
(författare)
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Consumption of Fish and Long-chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer in a Large European Cohort
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 18:3, s. 6-666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: There is an unclear association between intake of fish and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) and colorectal cancer (CRC). We examined the association between fish consumption, dietary and circulating levels of n-3 LC-PUFAs, and ratio of n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA with CRC using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Methods: Dietary intake of fish (total, fatty/oily, lean/white) and n-3 LC-PUFA were estimated by food frequency questionnaires given to 521,324 participants in the EPIC study; among these, 6291 individuals developed CRC (median follow up, 14.9 years). Levels of phospholipid LC-PUFA were measured by gas chromatography in plasma samples from a sub-group of 461 CRC cases and 461 matched individuals without CRC (controls). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards and conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs), respectively, with 95% CIs. Results: Total intake of fish (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80–0.96; Ptrend = .005), fatty fish (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82–0.98; Ptrend = .009), and lean fish (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83–1.00; Ptrend = .016) were inversely associated with CRC incidence. Intake of total n-3 LC-PUFA (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78–0.95; Ptrend = .010) was also associated with reduced risk of CRC, whereas dietary ratio of n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA was associated with increased risk of CRC (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.18–1.45; Ptrend < .001). Plasma levels of phospholipid n-3 LC-PUFA was not associated with overall CRC risk, but an inverse trend was observed for proximal compared with distal colon cancer (Pheterogeneity = .026). Conclusions: In an analysis of dietary patterns of participants in the EPIC study, we found regular consumption of fish, at recommended levels, to be associated with a lower risk of CRC, possibly through exposure to n-3 LC-PUFA. Levels of n-3 LC-PUFA in plasma were not associated with CRC risk, but there may be differences in risk at different regions of the colon.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Kippler, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Biomonitorering av kadmium i urin hos svenska och utländska kvinnor
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Exponering för låga halter av kadmium (Cd) via kosten kan ge upphov till benskörhet samt hjärtkärlsjukdom. Kvinnor utgör en riskgrupp. På uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket har vi genomfört en studie med syfte att kartlägga Cd-nivåer i urin hos medelålders kvinnor i Sverige. Vi rekryterade svenska medelålders (50–59 år) kvinnor boende i olika delar av Sverige samt utlandsfödda kvinnor (50–59 år), ffa från Östafrika och från Mellanöstern och boende i södra Sverige. Ingen kvinna hade rökt >10 cigaretter/år de senaste 25 åren. Kvinnorna lämnade biologiska prover och besvarade en enkät med frågor om kost, sjukdom och livsstil. Medianhalten av Cd i urin (U-Cd) bland svenska kvinnor (n=192; medelålder 55 år) var 0,24 μg/g kreatinin (spridning 0,05–7,4), vilket är jämförbart med tidigare mätningar i samma åldersgrupp i Sverige. Medianhalten av U-Cd bland utlandsfödda kvinnor (n=43, medelålder 56 år) var 0,41 μg/g kreatinin (0,15–2,7). Tre svenska kvinnor (1,6%) hade U-Cd >1 μg/g kreatinin, där negativa effekter på njure och skelett påvisats i gruppundersökningar. Motsvarande hos utlandsfödda kvinnor var 7%. Vi fann enbart samband mellan kost och U-Cd hos svenska kvinnor: källa till dricksvatten hade störst betydelse följt av köttkonsumtion. Resultaten tyder på att vissa grupper av utlandsfödda kvinnor har högre U-Cd än svenska kvinnor i samma åldersgrupp och därmed en högre risk för Cd-relaterad sjukdom. Denna grupp av kvinnor bör ingå i den hälsorelaterade miljöövervakningen för Cd och följas upp över tid.
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| 4. |
- Sieri, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
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Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of coronary heart disease : a pan-European cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1938-3207 .- 0002-9165. ; 112:3, s. 631-643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: High carbohydrate intake raises blood triglycerides, glucose, and insulin; reduces HDLs; and may increase risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Epidemiological studies indicate that high dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are associated with increased CHD risk. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary GI, GL, and available carbohydrates are associated with CHD risk in both sexes. METHODS: This large prospective study-the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-consisted of 338,325 participants who completed a dietary questionnaire. HRs with 95% CIs for a CHD event, in relation to intake of GI, GL, and carbohydrates, were estimated using covariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: After 12.8 y (median), 6378 participants had experienced a CHD event. High GL was associated with greater CHD risk [HR 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.31) highest vs. lowest quintile, p-trend 0.035; HR 1.18 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.29) per 50 g/day of GL intake]. The association between GL and CHD risk was evident in subjects with BMI (in kg/m2) ≥25 [HR: 1.22 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.35) per 50 g/d] but not in those with BMI <25 [HR: 1.09 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.22) per 50 g/d) (P-interaction = 0.022). The GL-CHD association did not differ between men [HR: 1.19 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.30) per 50 g/d] and women [HR: 1.22 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.40) per 50 g/d] (test for interaction not significant). GI was associated with CHD risk only in the continuous model [HR: 1.04 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) per 5 units/d]. High available carbohydrate was associated with greater CHD risk [HR: 1.11 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.18) per 50 g/d]. High sugar intake was associated with greater CHD risk [HR: 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.17) per 50 g/d]. CONCLUSIONS: This large pan-European study provides robust additional support for the hypothesis that a diet that induces a high glucose response is associated with greater CHD risk.
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| 5. |
- Byhamre, Marja Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish snus use is associated with mortality : a pooled analysis of eight prospective studies
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 49:6, s. 2041-2050
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The health consequences of the use of Swedish snus, including its relationship with mortality, have not been fully established. We investigated the relationship between snus use and all-cause and cause-specific mortality (death due to cardiovascular diseases, cancer diseases and all other reasons, respectively) in a nationwide collaborative pooling project.METHODS: We followed 169 103 never-smoking men from eight Swedish cohort studies, recruited in 1978-2010. Shared frailty models with random effects at the study level were used in order to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mortality associated with snus use.RESULTS: Exclusive current snus users had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (aHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.20-1.35), cardiovascular mortality (aHR 1.27, 95% CI 1.15-1.41) and other cause mortality (aHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.24-1.52) compared with never-users of tobacco. The risk of cancer mortality was also increased (aHR 1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.26). These mortality risks increased with duration of snus use, but not with weekly amount.CONCLUSIONS: Snus use among men is associated with increased all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, with death from other causes and possibly with increased cancer mortality.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol consumption and risk of incident atrial fibrillation : a population-based cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: European journal of internal medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0953-6205 .- 1879-0828. ; 76, s. 50-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common tachyarrhythmia. High alcohol consumption is associated with increased AF risk. It remains unclear whether lower levels of alcohol consumption are also associated with AF risk, and whether the association differs between men and women. In this study, we investigated the association between low to moderate levels of alcohol consumption and AF risk in men and women.METHODS: We performed a population-based cohort study of 109,230 health examination participants in northern Sweden. Data regarding alcohol intake were obtained using a questionnaire administered at the health examination. Incident AF cases were identified from the Swedish National Patient Registry.RESULTS: AF was diagnosed in 5,230 individuals during a total follow-up of 1,484,547 person-years. Among men, AF risk increased over quartiles of weekly alcohol consumption (P for trend 0.001). Men with alcohol consumption in the highest quartile (≥4.83 standard drinks [each drink containing 12 gs of ethanol] per week; SDW) had a HR of 1.21 (95% CI 1.09-1.34) for AF compared to men in the lowest quartile (<0.90 SDW). In men, problem drinking was also associated with an increased AF risk (HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.10-1.39). Among women, AF risk was not significantly associated with alcohol consumption (P for trend 0.09 for decreasing risk of AF over quartiles of weekly alcohol consumption) or problem drinking (HR: 1.00; 95% CI 0.70-1.42).CONCLUSION: Self-reported alcohol consumption and problem drinking were associated with an increased risk of AF among men, but not in women.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Jeaneth, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Smart Arena
- 2020
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Jeaneth, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Rikare affärsmodeller : För ett inkluderande värdeskapande i företag och organisationer
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Här presenterar vi ramverket för RIKARE affärsmodeller. Ramverket som tagits fram inom ramen Gender Smart Arena vid Luleå tekniska universitet syftar till att bidra till företags och organisationer förändringsarbete mot inkluderande affärs- och verksamhetsmodeller. Ramverket utgör ett delmoment, ett komplement till det digitala verktyget ”Richer business models” (richerbusiness.eu). En affärsmodell är den plan enligt vilken ett företag sköter sin affärsverksamhet. Medvetenhet och reflekterande förståelse kring vad som skapar värde i företag möjliggör förändring. I detta ramverk bidrar vi med övningar och utmaningar som tar ert företag eller organisation till nästa steg i ert förändringsarbete. Företag och organisationer drivs av människor och det är också människor som skapar värde och åstadkommer förändring. I ramverket rikare affärsmodeller fångas affärsmodellens förändringsarbete utifrån flera dimensioner; från olika ”platser” (fysiskt, digital, socialt), situationer, roller och agerande, dvs det som sker och inte sker i företaget eller organisationen.Genom ramverket RIKARE affärsmodeller kan företag och organisationer ta ytterligare steg mot förbättrad konkurrenskraft och ansvarstagande för att skapa nya värden. Ta på dig de inkluderande glasögonen och bege dig ut i världen – var normkritisk och normkreativ – var aldrig rädd att förändr
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| 9. |
- Kalin, Kenny, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of saccharin consumption on microbiota composition and insulin sensitivity : a clinical, experimental open label pilot study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 63:SUPPL 1, s. S223-S224
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and aims: In a previous study it was suggested that consumption of saccharin, a non-caloric artificial sweetener (NAS), often consumed by individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, increases the risk of developing glucose intolerance in rodents and humans through microbiota alterations. However, the study was small and did not use insulin clamp, the gold standard for measuring insulin sensitivity in humans. Thus, our aim was to further investigate whether NAS affect insulin sensitivity and gut microbiota in humans.Materials and methods: We recruited 14 participants (8 women and 6 men) who were non-diabetic, 60.0 (IQR 56.8-64.0) years of age with a body mass index of 27.9 (IQR 27.1-28.5). The study was an open label study where participants acted as their own control. Their insulin sensitivity was measured before and after exposure of 240 mg saccharin/day for three months. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and the ‘M value’ was calculated by dividing the glucose infusion rate during the last 60 minutes of the clamp by body weight (mg/kg/min). Stool samples were collected before and after saccharin consumption. Microbiota was analyzed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.Results: Thirteen of the 14 participants completed the study. There was no change in insulin resistance after exposure to saccharin (mean M value difference (ΔM) 0.0 (SD 1.6). ΔM was not related to age or sex . Individual M values from the first and second insulin clamp are shown in Figure 1 and indicate some individual responses. During the study 6 participants reduced their HbA1c ≥ 3 mmol/mol. Overall, there was no change in composition or richness of the gut microbiota as a result of saccharin consumption. Furthermore, there was no change in microbiota at end of follow-up for participants with a HbA1c reduction compared to participants without a HbA1c reduction of 3 mmol/mol or more. However, there were small differences in gut microbiota between HbA1c reducers and non-reducers at baseline, with lower gut microbiota diversity in reducers. The reducer group was mainly men who tended to lose more weight than non-reducers; the weight loss was, however, not statistically significant. Statistical analyses of study data were performed by using Student’s t-test.Conclusion: In contrast to prior studies we did not find an effect of NAS on insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, NAS consumption did not alter microbiota composition in these overweight, middle aged adults without type 2 diabetes.
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| 10. |
- Lakomaa, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Work Environment and Competition in Swedish Schools, 1999-2011
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research on schools’ work environment highlights socioeconomic conditions (SES) as primary drivers of work environment, but evidence to date is primarily limited to cross-sectional samples. Research on school competition has revealed important effects on educational outcomes, but effects on work environment are largely unknown. We bridge these literatures by studying the work environment in all Swedish junior high schools and high schools using detailed data on complaints and incidences of disorder, including violence. Comparing educational levels to gauge differences in degree of choice made possible by competition, we overall find more adverse work environment in junior high schools facing stronger school competition and with many low-SES students in either the school or the region. Conversely, we find better work environment in high schools facing stronger school competition, and in high schools with a large share of students with foreign background. To assess causal effects of competition on work environment we compare regions that introduced competition versus those that have not in a difference-in-difference framework. In such regions only complaints in high schools decrease after competition is introduced. We highlight the importance of including multiple measures of both competition and work environment.
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