| 1. |
- Eliasson, Ingegärd, 1961, et al.
(författare)
-
Climate and behaviour in a Nordic city
- 2007
-
Ingår i: LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-2046 .- 1872-6062. ; 82:1-2, s. 72-84
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four urban public spaces, representing various designs and microclimates, were investigated in Gothenburg, Sweden, in order to estimate how weather and microclimate affect people in urban outdoor environments. The research strategy was both multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary and included scientists from three disciplines: architecture, climatology and psychology. The project is based on common case studies carried out during four seasons, including measurements of meteorological variables, interviews and observations of human activity at each place. Multiple regression analysis of meteorological and behavioural data showed that air temperature, wind speed and clearness index (cloud cover) have a significant influence on people's assessments of the weather, place perceptions and place-related attendance. The results support the arguments in favour of employing climate sensitive planning in future urban design and planning projects, as the physical component of a place can be designed to influence the site-specific microclimate and consequently people's place-related attendance, perceptions and emotions.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Sandberg, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Air flow pattern and pressure distribution within a street network in an urban area with a high building area density
- 2006
-
Ingår i: The 6th International Conference on Urban Climate. - 9163190001 ; , s. 188-191
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We report on the effect of the overall shape of a city on the flow within the street network. We start with a solid round block, aspect ratio, diameter/ height = 6. The block is subdivided into smaller blocks and step by step an increasing number of streets are introduced. In the wind tunnel visualization with helium filled soap bubbled was carried out for obtaining qualitative information about the flow pattern. The pressure distribution on the ground within the street network was recorded in 400 points. CFD predictions provided the overall flow balance; flow entering through the street portals, leaving through the exit street portals and the updraft.
|
|
| 4. |
- Skote, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Numerical and experimental studies of wind environment in an urban morphology
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 39:33, s. 6147-6158
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the paper is to examine the relation between urban morphology (three-dimensional structure) and windiness. We regard a city as a porous obstacle, which is open at the top. We consider the interaction between the atmospheric boundary layer and a city to be both a function of the overall shape (silhouette or skyline) and the internal resistance to the flow caused by the friction when the wind flows over the urban surfaces. We regard the street pattern as an interconnected flow network with the crossings as nodes. Flow, along the streets is generated by pressure differences. We here use a highly idealized city model consisting of a circular block divided into two or four equally large sectors. Two types of cases are studied, the first with only one street through the city model with different angles between the street and the oncoming wind. The second case also contains a perpendicularly crossing street (through the center). Both wind tunnel experiments and numerical flow computations (computational fluid dynamics, CFD) are used and compared. The general agreement between the two is good and the CFD method offers new possibilities for quantifying the urban wind environment.
|
|
| 5. |
- Wallhagen, Marita, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Les outils de mesure de la durabilité des bâtiments : comparaison transnationale
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Annales de la Recherche Urbaine. - Paris : Ministère de l'Écologie, de l'Énergie, du Développement durable et de l'aménagement du territoire. - 0180-930X. ; :105, s. 94-103
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Les outils d'évaluation environnementale des bâtiments se développent rapidement dans de nombreux pays. Tous prétendent mesurer la qualité environnementale ou la durabilité des bâtiments, et donnent un maximum de points à ce qui est durable d'une manière ou d'une autre. Mais pour l'instant il n'y a pas de consensus sur le sens des mots « vert » ou « durables » en termes de critères et d'indicateurs. Que cherchent à mesurer les indicateurs existant? Trois outils d'évaluation ont été retenus, l'américain LEED-NC, le britannique Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) et le suédois EcoEffect. Ils ont trois champs d'évaluation principale en commun : l'énergie, l'environnement intérieur, les matériaux et les déchets. En revanche les contenus sont différents. Ces outils ont été comparés quant à leur but, leur contenu, et leur manière d'agréger les items. Ils ont été testés sur un immeuble neuf de plusieurs étages. Les résultats de leur application à cet immeuble divergent, ce qui pose la question de la définition d'outils d'évaluation réellement pertinents.
|
|
| 6. |
- Wallhagen, Marita, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
What is a "green" building according to different assessment tools?
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2008 World Sustainable Building Conference. Vol. 2. - 9780646503721 ; , s. 2618-2625
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental assessment tools for buildings are rapidly developing in many countries. All of them claim that they measure “greenness” or “sustainability” of buildings, i.e. if maximum scores are awarded a building is sustainable in some respect. But so far there is no consensus on the interpretation of “green” or “sustainable” in terms of criteria and indicators.This article explores if different tools point in different directions regarding “green” building design. It also investigates characteristics of assessment tools and consequences of different approaches.Three distinctly different assessment tools, LEED-NC, Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) and EcoEffect have been selected. They have three core assessment areas in common, namely Energy, Indoor Environment and Materials & Waste. The content however is different.The tools have been compared with respect to aim, content and aggregation. They have been tested on a new multi storey residential building. Assessments within the core areas were compared. Measures to improve the overall judgement were explored. The diverging result raises the question how to design environmentally relevant and practically useful assessment tools for buildings.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Westerberg, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
-
Perceived windiness in urban spaces.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: The 6th International Conference on Urban Climate - Preprints. - 9163190001 ; , s. 209-212
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paper discusses the perception of windiness in the urban environment and especially its visual aspects. Various urban spaces in two cities, both with a reputation of being windy, have been chosen for field studies. Perceived windiness of the spaces has been investigated through questionnaire surveys and on-site interviews simultaneous to climate measurements. Result: Windy has a negative connotation that interacts with other environmental aspects such as beauty and comfort. Also naturalness and mental images of what constitutes sheltered and windy places seem to influence the survey as well as the on-site assessments of windiness.
|
|
| 9. |
- Wittbom, Eva, 1956-
(författare)
-
Att spränga normer : om målstyrningsprocesser för jämställdhetsintegrering
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- How do management control systems function when under pressure to mainstream gender equality into a core business? This question is being discussed with an interpretive approach from both the institutional and the gender perspective. Empirical evidence stems from two longitudinal case studies within the Swedish public sector where management by objectives (MBO) is the current model for governmental control. The analysis is based on four aspects: management by objectives, gender mainstreaming, the concept of loose coupling from organization studies and institutional change as translation.The gender perspective highlights constructions that tend to enable or to hamper gender equality. The sociological institutional perspective sheds light over rules, norms and culture. In the empirical cases, it becomes evident that formal goals within MBO proved unable to overrule prevailing norms that have grounded a well established gendered (malestream) culture. Control systems are designed to handle new issues; however, in the cases studied, this took place merely normatively and in line with the core business, not by changing the grounds on which the control system stands. The MBO model consequently lacks the ability to integrate gender in a transformative mode.
|
|
