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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Weström Björn) srt2:(2015-2019)"

Sökning: WFRF:(Weström Björn) > (2015-2019)

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1.
  • Arévalo Sureda, Ester, et al. (författare)
  • Early effects on the intestinal barrier and pancreatic function after enteral stimulation with protease or kidney bean lectin in neonatal rats
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 119:9, s. 992-1002
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Gut maturation naturally accelerates at weaning in altricial mammalian species, such as the rat. Mimicking this, gut development can also be induced precociously, 3–4 d earlier than it would occur naturally, by enteral exposure to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), or various proteases. We investigated the early effects of gut provocation on intestinal barrier and pancreatic functions, to get a better understanding of the mechanisms that initiate gut maturation. The effects of oral administration of protease (trypsin) or PHA to 14-d-old suckling rats were studied during 24 h in comparison with water-fed controls. Intestinal in vivo permeability was assessed by oral administration of different-sized marker molecules and measuring their passage into the blood or urine 3 h later. A period of 24 h following oral administration, both PHA and protease provocation stimulated small intestinal (SI) growth and pancreatic secretion, as indicated by decreased pancreatic trypsin and increased luminal enzyme content. Within 1 h of oral administration, both treatments prevented the absorption of macromolecules to blood that was observed in controls. PHA treatment hindered the passage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD) 4 to blood, whereas protease treatment temporarily increased plasma levels of FD4, and the urine lactulose:mannitol ratio, indicating increased intestinal leakiness. Following protease treatment, fluorescence microscopy showed decreased vesicular uptake of FD70 in the proximal SI and increased epithelial fluorescence in the distal SI. In conclusion, PHA and protease differed in their early effects on the intestinal barrier; both exerted a blocking effect on epithelial endocytosis, whereas protease treatment alone temporarily increased epithelial leakiness, which seemed to be confined to the distal SI.
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2.
  • Arévalo Sureda, Ester, et al. (författare)
  • Maturation of the intestinal epithelial barrier in neonatal rats coincides with decreased FcRn expression, replacement of vacuolated enterocytes and changed Blimp-1 expression
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The intestinal barrier is immature in newborn mammals allowing for transfer of bioactive macromolecules, e.g. protecting antibodies, from mother's milk to the blood circulation and in neonatal rodents lasts until weaning. This passage involves the neonatal-Fc-receptor (FcRn) binding IgG in the proximal and highly endocytic vacuolated enterocytes in the distal immature small intestine (SI). Recent studies have suggested an involvement of the transcription factor B-lymphocyte-induced maturation-protein-1 (Blimp-1) in the regulation of SI maturation in mice. Hence, the objective of the present study was to monitor the development of the intestinal barrier function, in relation to Blimp-1 expression during both natural and precociously induced intestinal maturation in rats. Results: During the suckling period IgG plasma levels increased, while after gut closure it temporarily decreased. This corresponded to a high expression of FcRn in the proximal SI epithelium and the presence of vacuolated enterocytes in the distal SI. The immature foetal-type epithelium was replaced after weaning or induced precocious maturation, by an adult-type epithelium with FcRnneg cells in the proximal and by non-vacuolated enterocytes in the distal SI. In parallel to this epithelial shift, Blimp-1 expression decreased in the distal SI. Conclusion: The switch from foetal- to adult-type epithelium, with decreased proximal expression of FcRn and distal replacement of vacuolated enterocytes, was concurrent in the two SI regions and could be used for monitoring SI maturation in the rat. The changes in expression of Blimp-1 in the distal SI epithelium followed the maturation pattern.
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3.
  • Everaert, Nadia, et al. (författare)
  • A review on early gut maturation and colonization in pigs, including biological and dietary factors affecting gut homeostasis
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Animal Feed Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0377-8401. ; 233, s. 89-103
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • During the prenatal, neonatal and post-weaning periods, the mammalian gastrointestinal tract undergoes various morphological and physiological changes alongside with an expansion of the immune system and microbial ecosystem. This review focuses on the time period before weaning and summarizes the current knowledge regarding i) structural and functional aspects ii) the development of the immune system, and iii) the establishment of the gut ecosystem of the porcine intestine. Structural and functional maturation of the gastrointestinal tract gradually progress with age. In the neonatal period colostrum induces gut closure, leads to an increase in intestinal weight, absorptive area and brush border enzyme activities. During the first weeks of life, an increased secretion of stomach and pancreatic enzymes and an increased uptake of monosaccharides and amino acids are observed. The development in digestive function coincides with development in both the adaptive and innate immune system. This secures a balanced immune response to the ingested milk-derived macromolecules, and colonizing bacteria. Husbandry and dietary interventions in early life appear to affect the development of multiple components of the mucosal immune system. Furthermore, the composition of the intestinal microbial communities seems to be affected by the early postnatal environment, which might also contribute to gut maturation, metabolic and immune development. Understanding the interplay between morphological, functional and immunological maturation, as influenced by early microbial colonization and ingestion of dietary factors, is of utmost importance to identify management and feeding strategies to optimize intestinal health. We discuss some possible implications related to intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm delivery as these both dramatically increase the risk of mortality and morbidity. In addition, some nutritional interventions during the perinatal period in both sows and piglets will be discussed in the light of possible health consequences early in life and later on.
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4.
  • Goncharova, Kateryna, et al. (författare)
  • Importance of neonatal immunoglobulin transfer for hippocampal development and behaviour in the newborn pig
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Neurological disorders are among the main clinical problems affecting preterm children and often result in the development of communication and learning disabilities later in life. Several factors are of importance for brain development, however the role of immunoglobulins (passive immunity transfer) has not yet been investigated. Piglets are born agammaglobulinemic, as a result of the lack of transfer of maternal immunoglobulins in utero, thus, they serve as an ideal model to mimic the condition of immunoglobulin deficiency in preterm infants. Thirty six, unsuckled newborn piglets were fed an infant formula or colostrum and supplemented orally or intravenously with either species-specific or foreign immunoglobulin and then compared to both newborn and sow-reared piglets. Two days after the piglets were born behavioural tests (novel recognition and olfactory discrimination of conspecifics scent) were performed, after which the piglets were sacrificed and blood, cerebrospinal fluid and hippocampi samples were collected for analyses. Both parameters of neuronal plasticity (neuronal maturation and synapse-associated proteins) and behavioural test parameters appeared to be improved by the appearance of species-specific porcine immunoglulin in the circulation and cerebrospinal fluid of the piglets. In conclusion, we postulate possible positive clinical effects following intravenous infusion of human immunoglobulin in terms of neuronal plasticity and cognitive function in preterm infants born with low blood immunoglobulin levels.
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5.
  • Lozinska, Liudmyla, et al. (författare)
  • Decreased insulin secretion and glucose clearance in exocrine pancreas-insufficient pigs.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Experimental Physiology. - 1469-445X. ; 101:1, s. 100-112
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • What is the central question of this study? Does the exocrine pancreas have an impact on endocrine pancreatic function and peripheral nutrient utilization? What is the main finding and its importance? In an exocrine pancreas-insufficient pig model, the insulin response to a glucose load was delayed. Oral enzyme supplementation did not improve the insulin release but facilitated blood glucose clearance. These results suggest an acino-insular axis communication affecting islet function and an impact of gut pancreatic enzymes on blood glucose utilization. The effect of exocrine pancreatic function on the glucose-mediated insulin response and glucose utilization were studied in an exocrine pancreas-insufficient (EPI) pig model. Five 10-week-old EPI pigs after pancreatic duct ligation and 6 age-matched, non-operated control pigs were used in the study. Blood glucose, plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations were monitored during meal (MGTT), oral (OGTT) and intravenous (IVGTT) glucose tolerance tests. Upon post-mortem examination, the pancreatic remnants of the EPI pigs showed acinar fibrotic atrophy but normal islets and β-cell morphology. The EPI pigs displayed increased fasting glucose concentrations compared with control animals (6.4 ± 0.4 versus 4.8 ± 0.1 mmol l(-1) , P < 0.0001) but unchanged insulin concentrations (2.4 ± 0.6 versus 2.1 ± 0.2 pmol l(-1) ). During the OGTT and IVGTT, the EPI pigs showed slower, impaired glucose utilization, with the disruption of a well-timed insulin response. Plasma C-peptide concentrations confirmed the delayed insulin response during the IVGTT in EPI pigs. Oral pancreatic enzyme supplementation (PES) of EPI pigs improved glucose clearance during IVGTT [AUCglucose 1295 ± 70 mmol l(-1) × (120 min) in EPI versus 1044 ± 32 mmol l(-1) × (120 min) in EPI + PES, P < 0.0001] without reinforcing the release of insulin [AUCC-peptide 14.4 ± 3.8 nmol l(-1) × (120 min) in EPI versus 6.4 ± 1.3 nmol l(-1) × (120 min) in EPI + PES, P < 0.002]. The results suggest the existence of an acino-insular axis regulatory communication. The presence of pancreatic enzymes in the gut facilitates glucose utilization in an insulin-independent manner, indicating the existence of a gut-derived pancreatic enzyme-dependent mechanism involved in peripheral glucose utilization.
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6.
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7.
  • Marungruang, Nittaya, et al. (författare)
  • Impact of dietary induced precocious gut maturation on cecal microbiota and its relation to the blood-brain barrier during the postnatal period in rats
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925. ; 30:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Precocious maturation of the gastrointestinal barrier (GIB) in newborn mammals can be induced by dietary provocation, but how this affects the gut microbiota and the gut‐brain axis remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of induced GIB maturation on gut microbiota composition and blood‐brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Methods Suckling rats were studied at 72 h after gavage with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or microbial protease (PT) to induce maturation of GIB. For comparison, untreated suckling and weaned rats were included (n = 10). Human serum albumin (HSA) was administered orally and analyzed in blood to assess permeability of the GIB, while intraperitoneally injected bovine serum albumin (BSA) was measured in the brain tissue for BBB permeability. The cecal microbial composition, plasma lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP) levels and short‐chain fatty acids in serum and brain were analyzed. Key Results Cessation of HSA passage to blood after PHA or PT treatment was similar to that seen in weaned rats. Interestingly, concomitant increases in cecal Bacteroidetes and plasma LBP levels were observed after both PHA and PT treatments. The BBB passage of BSA was surprisingly elevated after weaning, coinciding with lower plasma LBP levels and specific microbial taxa and increased acetate uptake into the brain. Conclusions & Inferences This study provides evidence that the gut microbiota alteration following induced precocious GIB maturation may induce low‐grade systemic inflammation and alter SCFAs utilization in the brain which may also play a potential role in GIB‐BBB dysfunction disorders in neonates.
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8.
  • Pierzynowski, Stefan, et al. (författare)
  • Enteral Pancreatic-like Enzymes of Microbial Origin affect Insulin Release during an Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2155-6156. ; 7:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We have previously shown that the presence of pancreatic enzymes in the gut lumen of exocrine pancreatic insufficient pigs influences blood glucose and insulin levels during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). The present study aims to highlight the effects of orally applied pancreatic-like enzymes on blood glucose and plasma insulin levels during an IVGTT in young intact pigs. Five, 7-week old pigs were fed with pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin, a proteinase (from Aspergillus melleus), α-amylase (from Aspergillus oryzae) or lipase (from Burkholderia cepacia) alone or in combination with the Ca/Na salts of α-ketoglutaric acid (AKG). One hour following administration of the various supplements an IVGTT was performed. Blood samples were withdrawn during the 2 hours of IVGTT for glucose and insulin analyses. Blood glucose during the IVGTT was identical following administration of all combinations of the various enzymes or enzyme mixtures. Enteral loading of amylase or any amylase containing mixture resulted in reduced insulin secretion while administration of proteinase or any proteinase containing mixture resulted in enhanced insulin secretion during IVGTT, as compared to the control water vehicle. Lipase or AKG and lipase or AKG containing mixtures did not affect insulin secretion. Thus, it can be suggested that host amylase/protease ratio and their amount in pancreatic juice can participate in regulation of insulin release, thus, possibly affecting development of obesity and diabetes type 2.
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9.
  • Pierzynowski, Stefan G., et al. (författare)
  • Experiments suggesting extra-digestive effects of enteral pancreatic amylase and its peptides on glucose homeostasis in a pig model
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The studies presented were designed to highlight the impact of pancreatic enzymes on glycemic control and insulin response. Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were monitored after intravenous, oral or direct gut glucose tolerance tests (GTT) in 6 pigs with an intact gastrointestinal tract and in 12 pigs following duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery. In the intact pigs, pancreatic enzymes (Creon®) given orally 1 h prior to the GTT, lowered the blood glucose levels during the oral and meal GTT and reduced the plasma insulin response during the intravenous and meal GTT. In DJB pigs, blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were higher following glucose loading into the by-passed biliopancreatic limb as compared to that following glucose loading orally or into the common intestinal limb. Infusion of amylase or amylase peptides together with glucose into the biliopancreatic limb lowered blood glucose levels in DJB pigs. These preliminary data suggest new, extra-digestive, actions of enteral pancreatic enzymes - probably amylase or its peptides - on glucose homeostasis, with an reduction in net glucose absorption into the blood and in insulin response. This ability of digestive enzymes (amylase) to reduce post-prandial hyperglycaemia in an insulin-independent manner could aid in preventing the development of obesity and diabetes.
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10.
  • Prykhodko, Olena, et al. (författare)
  • Pancreatic and pancreatic-like microbial proteases accelerate gut maturation in neonatal rats.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Postnatal gut maturation in neonatal mammals, either at natural weaning or after precocious inducement, is coinciding with enhanced enzymes production by exocrine pancreas. Since the involvement of enzymes in gut functional maturation was overlooked, the present study aimed to investigate the role of enzymes in gut functional maturation using neonatal rats.
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