| 1. |
- Bergman, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Mating success of resident versus non-resident males in a territorial butterfly
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 274:1618, s. 1659-1665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Male–male competition over territorial ownership suggests that winning is associated with considerable benefits. In the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria, males fight over sunspot territories on the forest floor; winners gain sole residency of a sunspot, whereas losers patrol the forest in search of females. It is currently not known whether residents experience greater mating success than nonresidents, or whether mating success is contingent on environmental conditions. Here we performed an experiment in which virgin females of P. aegeria were allowed to choose between a resident and a nonresident male in a large enclosure containing one territorial sunspot. Resident males achieved approximately twice as many matings as non-residents, primarily because matings were most often preceded by a female being discovered when flying through a sunspot. There was no evidence that territorial residents were more attractive per se, with females seen to reject them as often as nonresidents. Furthermore, in the cases where females were discovered outside of the sunspot, they were just as likely to mate with non-residents as residents. We hypothesize that the proximate advantage of territory ownership is that light conditions in a large sunspot greatly increase the male’s ability to detect and intercept passing receptive females.
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| 2. |
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1973. En träff med tidsandan
- 2008
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Ingår i: 1973. En träff med tidsandan. - Lund : Nordic Academic Press. - 9789189116979 ; , s. 11-21
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Aljassim, Obaid, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory response and platelet activation after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian cardiovascular journal : SCJ. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 40:1, s. 43-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery induces a systemic inflammatory activation and alterations in the hemostatic cascade. The responses contribute to postoperative complications but may also have protective effects. We investigated the relationship between inflammation, hemostasis and bleeding after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB). METHODS: Ten OPCAB patients were included in a prospective descriptive study. Selected markers of inflammation (IL-6, IL-8, PMN-elastase, C3a, and SC5b-9), and hemostasis (platelet count, ss-thromboglobulin, anti-thrombin, D-dimer and fibrinogen) were measured before and immediately after surgery. Postoperative bleeding was registered. RESULTS: Inflammatory variables did not alter significantly during surgery while ss-thromboglobulin concentrations increased and anti-thrombin and fibrinogen decreased. There were significant postoperative correlations between PMN-elastase and ss-thromboglobulin (r=0.82, p=0.004), between PMN-elastase and fibrinogen (r=0.69, p=0.03) and between C3a and ss-thromboglobulin (r=0.71, p=0.02). In addition, there were significant inverse correlations between postoperative bleeding and pre- and postoperative fibrinogen levels (r=-0.76, p=0.011 and r=-0.84, p=0.002 respectively), between bleeding and postoperative ss-thromboglobulin levels (r=-0.66, p=0.04) and between bleeding and postoperative PMN-elastase (r=-0.75, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results give further evidence for an association between the inflammatory response and hemostasis after cardiac surgery.
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| 4. |
- Bergman, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in mate location behaviours between residents and nonresidents in a territorial butterfly
- 2009
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Ingår i: Animal Behaviour. - London, England : ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0003-3472 .- 1095-8282. ; 78:5, s. 1161-1167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mate location strategies vary between species. Among butterflies two strategies are recognized: 'patrolling' males spend their life on the wing searching for females and 'perching' males stay at a specific site waiting to intercept passing females. In the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria, two alternative male strategies have been described: dominant males adopt a perching strategy monopolizing large sunspots on the forest floor, and subdominant males adopt a patrolling strategy. However, comparative analyses have shown that body design differs between perching and patrolling species, hence constraining opportunity for within-species variation in mate location strategy. We tested whether males differ in their propensity to adopt perching or patrolling behaviour by recording time spent flying during 30 min when alone in a large cage with only one large sunspot and many smaller ones, and whether subdominant males adopt a patrolling strategy by allowing dyads of males to interact in the cage for 60 min and recording the same behaviours again. All males adopted perching behaviour when alone, and subdominant males in dyads spent only a short time in extended flights after losing contests over territory ownership, soon returning to a perching strategy and making the best of a bad job from the vantage point of a small sunspot. We argue that previous descriptions of subdominant male P. aegeria adopting a patrolling strategy are based on too short observation periods, and have mistaken males in temporary transit for males adopting patrolling behaviour.
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| 5. |
- Bergman, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Visual mate detection and mate flight pursuit in relation to sunspot size in a woodland territorial butterfly
- 2009
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Ingår i: Animal Behaviour. - London, England : ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LT. - 0003-3472 .- 1095-8282. ; 78:1, s. 17-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Territory residency is associated with considerable benefits. In the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria, males fight over ownership of large sunspots in open forest habitats; winners become sunspot residents, and losers become nonterritorial and sit and wait for females in small sunspots. A previous study has shown that residents have higher mating success than nonterritorial males, although females are not more attracted to territorial males or sunspot territories per se. Here we tested the hypotheses (1) that the higher success of resident males is caused by visual mate detection being more efficient in a large than in a small sunspot, and (2) that only sunspots above a certain size are defended as territories. Field assessment of territorial sunspot size showed that defended sunspots were significantly larger than 'average sunspots' on the forest floor. Experimental tests of male ability to detect visually a model butterfly passing through a sunspot showed that males were more successful in pursuing and intercepting a passing model when. own a longer distance in the sunspot. Hence, we conclude that light conditions and associated visual mate detection and ability to complete mate flight pursuit can explain why P. aegeria males defend territories in large sunspots in forest habitats.
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| 6. |
- Borg, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of spinal cord malformation on bladder function in children with anorectal malformations.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of pediatric surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1531-5037 .- 0022-3468. ; 44:9, s. 1778-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Risk factors for the presence of neurogenic bladder dysfunction (NBD) in children born with high anorectal malformations (ARMs), were investigated, to identify the need for urodynamics in these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 37 patients with high ARMs (21 boys and 16 girls). Bladder function was evaluated with urodynamics both before and after anorectoplasty (posterior sagittal anorectoplasty [PSARP]). All patients were investigated with spinal radiograph. Spinal ultrasound was performed in the neonatal period, and magnetic resonance imaging was added in case of abnormal ultrasound or urodynamics and in case of cloacal malformation. RESULTS: In ARM patients with rectourethral and vestibular fistulas and cloacas, NBD was identified in 9 children (25%). The bladder dysfunction was innate in all cases except in one girl with cloaca, indicating that the risk of iatrogenic denervation seems minimal using the PSARP technique. All children with innate NBD had a spinal cord malformation either as spinal cord regression or tethering with or without a lipoma. Concerning vertebral status, almost all children with NBD had partial sacral agenesis. Abnormal perineal appearance was highly correlated to NBD in boys, especially in those with a spinal cord regression malformation. Innate NBD was not found in any child with normal spinal cord. CONCLUSION: From these results, we suggest that spinal ultrasound and perineal inspection are used as screening procedures for NBD in children with ARM. Urodynamic investigation is recommended only when spinal cord anomalies or other signs indicative of NBD are present. In case of spinal cord malformation, repeated urodynamics during follow-up is mandatory because of the risk for developing tethered cord syndrome.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Darin, Niklas, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency and severe multiple sclerosis.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Pediatric neurology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0887-8994. ; 36:2, s. 132-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report describes a female with isolated 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency. She had a mild Reye-like episode, loss of scalp hair, psychomotor retardation, and an attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The diagnosis was made at 13 years of age when she developed relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis with a malignant course. Treatment with steroids had initially a good therapeutic effect on the relapses. The response to interferon beta-1a treatment was poor. On mitoxantrone treatment there was a considerable neurologic recovery.
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| 9. |
- Friberg, Magne, et al.
(författare)
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Habitat choice precedes host plant choice - niche separation in a species pair of a generalist and a specialist butterfly
- 2008
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Ingår i: Oikos. - Lund : Department of Ecology, Lund university. ; 117:9, s. 1337-1344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sister species Leptidea reali and L. sinapis have partitioned their niches differently in different parts of their sympatric distribution. In Spain and France L. sinapis is a widespread generalist whereas L. reali is specialized on high altitude open areas. Interestingly, the reverse is true in Ireland and the Czech Republic where L. reali is widespread and L. sinapis specialized on meadows. In Sweden, L. reali is a habitat specialist confined to meadows, whereas L. sinapis is a habitat generalist also inhabiting forests. Ultimately, the geographic mosaic of niche separation is the result of local processes in each contact zone or a secondary effect of the host plant distribution, if L. sinapis and L. reali prefer different legume host plants. Hence, in Sweden L. sinapis might utilize the forest habitat either due to a wider habitat preference or due to a wider host plant preference than L. reali. Studies of wild butterflies showed that L. sinapis laid 26% of their eggs on forest-associated legumes compared to 6% in L. reali, although laboratory experiments showed that both species had virtually identical host plant preferences strongly preferring the meadow-associated legume Lathyrus pratensis. Furthermore, flight duration tests in a variety of temperatures demonstrated a between-species difference; L. sinapis females reached their flight optimum at a lower temperature than L. reali females. The lower L. sinapis flight temperature optimum is most probably a secondary effect due to habitat-specific selection, and therefore a consequence rather than the cause of the habitat partitioning. The finding that habitat choice precedes host plant choice suggests that the European geographic mosaic of niche separation, with L. sinapis and L. reali shifting habitat specialist/generalist roles, is not caused by rigid between-species differences in a related niche parameter, but instead is a result of local processes within each secondary contact zone.
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| 10. |
- Friberg, Magne, et al.
(författare)
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Niche separation in space and time between two sympatric sister species—a case of ecological pleiotropy
- 2008
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Ingår i: Evolutionary Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0269-7653 .- 1573-8477.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract We investigate the niche separation in space and time between the Palearctic sister species Leptidea sinapis and L. reali (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) in central Sweden. Using field sampling, we show that L. reali is a habitat specialist confined to meadows, whereas L. sinapis is a habitat generalist also inhabiting forests. This difference in habitat utilization was corroborated by experimental release of laboratory-reared L. sinapis and L. reali in two adjacent forest and meadow habitats during their natural flight period; virtually all recaptured L. reali that were released in the forest were later caught in the meadow, whereas L. sinapis shifted equally often from meadow to forest as in the opposite direction. In the field, both species fly in May–June, but L. reali appears on average a week earlier in spring and has a substantial second generation in July, whereas L. sinapis is practically univoltine. When overwintered pupae were incubated under identical conditions in the laboratory, females did, however, not differ in phenology, and L. sinapis males actually emerged earlier than L. reali males. When larvae were reared at 23°C on the host plant Lotus corniculatus at a range of daylengths, both species produced a substantial proportion of directly developing individuals at an 18.5 h daylength or longer. When reared at 23°C and a 22 h daylength, L. reali showed an overall higher propensity to develop directly than L. sinapis on plant species originating from both the meadow and the forest habitat. Both Leptidea species showed a lower propensity to enter direct development on forest associated plants than on meadow associated plants. Hence, we suggest that the difference in phenology and voltinism between L. sinapis and L. reali is largely the result of environmentally implemented ecological pleiotropic effects caused by the between-species difference in habitat preference.
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