| 1. |
- Börjesson, Mats, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Hjärtstopp bland unga och idrottare särskiljer sig
- 2015
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 112:14-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dödsfall till följd av hjärtstopp av kardiella orsaker, sk plötslig hjärtdöd, hos unga och inom idrotten skiljer sig på flera sätt från plötslig hjärtdöd i högre åldrar. Drabbade kan sakna symtom, men de har vanligen en bakomliggande, ofta okänd, hjärtsjukdom. Flera olika hjärtsjukdomar har visats kunna ligga bakom plötsligt hjärtstopp bland unga och inom idrotten. Vanligen är de ärftliga och svårdiagnostiserade. Idrottande unga löper större risk att drabbas av plötsligt hjärtstopp än icke-idrottande. Screening av tävlingsidrottare rekommenderas internationellt, i Sverige också av Socialstyrelsen och Riksidrottsförbundet, för riskgrupper som elitidrottare från 16 års ålder. Vid hjärtstopp är tidig insats avgörande för utfallet. Det är därför viktigt att adekvat beredskap och kompetens finns på plats vid idrottsevenemang.
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| 2. |
- Börjesson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Hjärtstopp bland unga och idrottare särskiljer sig
- 2015
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen Förlag. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 112:14-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vi diskuterar i denna artikel hjärtstopp av kardiella orsaker, s k plötslig hjärtdöd, hos unga och inom idrotten. Sådana dödsfall röner alltid stor uppmärksamhet, såväl inom den närmaste kretsen som i medier. Detta är naturligt, eftersom det drabbar en ung individ och/eller en idrottare, som i samhället är en symbol för »friskhet«. På flera sätt skiljer sig dessa dödsfall från plötslig hjärtdöd i högre åldrar. Drabbade är vanligen till synes helt friska personer, dödsfallen är sällsynt förekommande och de orsakas av ett flertal olika hjärtsjukdomar, oftast ärftliga och svårdiagnostiserade.
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| 3. |
- Ekdahl, A. W., et al.
(författare)
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Frailty and comprehensive geriatric assessment organized as CGA-ward or CGA-consult for older adult patients in the acute care setting : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Geriatric Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 1878-7649 .- 1878-7657. ; 6:6, s. 523-540
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: With worldwide population aging, increasing numbers of people need hospital care. Evidence suggests comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is superior to usual care.Objective: To summarize the evidence for the effects of CGA in frail and moderately frail patients compared with usual care in acute care settings.Data sources: CINAHL, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed were searched in October 2011, January 2013, and February 2015.Study eligibility: Randomized controlled trials.Participants: Older adults aged ≥ 65 years who were admitted to hospital with a complex condition, divided into frail and moderately frail groups.Intervention: CGA.Control: Usual care.Outcomes: Change in housing, personal activities of daily living (PADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), readmission, cognitive function, depression, quality-of-life care-giver burden, and mortality.Study appraisal and synthesis: The grading of recommendations assessment development and evaluation (GRADE) system to assess the quality of evidence and PRISMA-guidelines for meta-analyses and reviews. Continuous data were presented as standardized mean differences and dichotomous data were presented as risk differences.Results: Twenty-nine articles based on 17 unique studies (6005 patients in total). CGA was categorized as CGA-ward or CGA-consult. In the frail group, CGA-ward was superior to usual care for change in housing, PADL, and depression. CGA-consult was superior to usual care for PADL and IADL in the moderately frail group.Conclusion: There was a stronger effect for frail older adults and CGA-ward compared with usual care. This highlights the importance of detecting frailty. However, the degree of evidence was limited.
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| 4. |
- Niklasson, Johan, 1968-
(författare)
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Morale in very old people : With focus on stroke, depression and survival
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Morale is a multidimensional concept, often defined as a future-oriented optimism or pessimism regarding the problems and opportunities associated with ageing. Very old people, older than 80 years, constitute an age group that is expected to increase in Europe from 4.7% of the general population today to 12.0% in the year 2060 in Europe. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore morale among very old people.Method: The Umeå 85+/GErontological Regional Database study (GERDA) is a population-based study carried out in parts of northern Sweden and western Finland in which every second 85 year old, every 90 year old and everyone aged 95 years and older were invited to participate. The study started the year 2000 and every five years re-invites previous participants and invites new individuals to participate in the study. The Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS), which is widely used to measure morale in old people, has been translated into many languages.Results: There were 598 individuals who answered the PGCMS in the Umeå 85+/GERDA study. Despite respondents’ advanced age 92.6% (554/598) answered 16 or 17 of the questions. The construct validity of the Swedish version of the PGCMS was tested among the 493 individuals who answered all 17 questions using confirmatory factor analysis and the analysis showed a generally a good fit. Reliability tested with Cronbach’s alpha was 0.74. Reliability was also tested in a convenience sample of 54 individuals (mean age of 84.7±6.7 years) and the IntraClass Correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.89.Almost 20% (91/465) of participants who could answer the PGCMS had had a stroke. Those with stroke had significantly lower PGCMS scores than those without (10.9±3.8 vs 12.1±3.0, p-value 0.008), but there were 38.5% with stroke history who had high morale. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that depression, angina pectoris and impaired hearing were independently associated with low morale among those with a stroke history.A logistic regression model showed that each point increase in PGCMS score lowered the risk of depressive disorders five years later (odds ratio 0.779, p<0.001, with each point increase in PGCMS). In a Cox model adjusted for several demographic, health- and function-related confounders, including age and gender, mortality was higher among participants with low morale (RR=1.36, p=0.032) than those with high morale. There was a similar but non-significant pattern towards increased mortality in participants with moderate morale compared to high morale (RR=1.21, p-value=0.136).Conclusion: The feasibility and psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the PGCMS seems to be satisfactory among very old people. A large proportion of very old people have had a stroke, which is associated with reduced morale. Depression, angina pectoris and impaired hearing were independently associated with low morale among those with stroke. Among very old people, a higher level of morale seems to be associated with a lower risk of suffering from depressive disorders five years later. High morale is independently associated with increased five-year survival among very old people.
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| 5. |
- Pennlert, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Antithrombotic Treatment Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Patients With and Without Atrial Fibrillation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Stroke. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 46:8, s. 2094-2099
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose-Patients who survive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) often have compelling indications for anticoagulant and antiplatelet medication. This nationwide observational study aimed to determine the extent and predictors of antithrombotic treatment after ICH in Sweden. Methods-Patients with a first-ever ICH in the Swedish Stroke Register (Riksstroke) 2005 to 2012 who survived hospital discharge were included. Riksstroke data were individually linked with other national registers to determine comorbid conditions and dispensed prescriptions of antithrombotic agents. Results-Among the 2777 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), the proportion with a dispensed prescription of antithrombotic agents was 8.5% (anticoagulants) and 36.6% (antiplatelet agents) within 6 months and 11.1% (anticoagulants) and 43.6% (antiplatelet agents) within 1 year. Among the 11 268 patients without AF, the corresponding figures were 1.6% (anticoagulants) and 13.8% (antiplatelet agents) within 6 months and 2.0% (anticoagulants) and 17.5% (antiplatelet agents) within 1 year. In patients with AF, predictors of anticoagulant treatment were less severe ICH, younger age, previous anticoagulation, valvular disease, and previous ischemic stroke. High CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes mellitus, stroke [doubled], vascular disease, age, and sex category [female]) scores did not correlate with anticoagulant treatment. There was a positive correlation between high CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc and HAS-BLED (hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile international normalized ratio, elderly, drugs/alcohol) scores (r(s)=0.590, P<0.001). Conclusions-In majority of patients who receive antithrombotic agents, treatment is initiated within 6 months of ICH. Still, many patients with compelling indications for antithrombotic treatment are not prescribed antithrombotic agents. Factors other than high risk of embolic stroke by CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc in ICH survivors with concurrent AF are used to guide the anticoagulant treatment decision in Swedish clinical practice.
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| 6. |
- Stattin, Eva-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic screening in sudden cardiac death in the young can save future lives
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Legal Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-9827 .- 1437-1596. ; 130:1, s. 59-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autopsy of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the young shows a structurally and histologically normal heart in about one third of cases. Sudden death in these cases is believed to be attributed in a high percentage to inherited arrhythmogenic diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of performing post-mortem genetic analysis for autopsy-negative sudden unexplained death (SUD) in 1 to 35 year olds. From January 2009 to December 2011, samples from 15 cases suffering SUD were referred to the Department of Clinical Genetics, UmeAyen University Hospital, Sweden, for molecular genetic evaluation. PCR and bidirectional Sanger sequencing of genes important for long QT syndrome (LQTS), short QT syndrome (SQTS), Brugada syndrome type 1 (BrS1), and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) (KCNQ1, KCNH2, SCN5A, KCNE1, KCNE2, and RYR2) was performed. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used to detect large deletions or duplications in the LQTS genes. Six pathogenic sequence variants (four LQTS and two CPVT) were discovered in 15 SUD cases (40 %). Ten first-degree family members were found to be mutation carriers (seven LQTS and three CPVT). Cardiac ion channel genetic testing in autopsy-negative sudden death victims has a high diagnostic yield, with identification of the disease in 40 % of families. First-degree family members should be offered predictive testing, clinical evaluation, and treatment with the ultimate goal to prevent sudden death.
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| 7. |
- Westgård, Theresa, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive geriatric assessment pilot of a randomized control study in a Swedish acute hospital : a feasibility study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pilot and Feasibility Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2055-5784. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) represent an important component of geriatric acute hospital care for frail older people, secured by a multidisciplinary team who addresses the multiple needs of physical health, functional ability, psychological state, cognition and social status. The primary objective of the pilot study was to determine feasibility for recruitment and retention rates. Secondary objectives were to establish proof of principle that CGA has the potential to increase patient safety.Methods: The CGA pilot took place at a University hospital in Western Sweden, from March to November 2016, with data analyses in March 2017. Participants were frail people aged 75 and older, who required an acute admission to hospital. Participants were recruited and randomized in the emergency room. The intervention group received CGA, a person-centered multidisciplinary team addressing health, participation, and safety. The control group received usual care. The main objective measured the recruitment procedure and retention rates. Secondary objectives were also collected regarding services received on the ward including discharge plan, care plan meeting and hospital risk assessments including risk for falls, nutrition, decubitus ulcers, and activities of daily living status.Result: Participants were recruited from the emergency department, over 32 weeks. Thirty participants were approached and 100% (30/30) were included and randomized, and 100% (30/30) met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen participants were included in the intervention and 14 participants were included in the control. At baseline, 100% (16/16) intervention and 100% (14/14) control completed the data collection. A positive propensity towards the secondary objectives for the intervention was also evidenced, as this group received more care assessments. There was an average difference between the intervention and control in occupational therapy assessment - 0.80 [95% CI 1.06, - 0.57], occupational therapy assistive devices - 0.73 [95% CI 1.00, - 0.47], discharge planning -0.21 [95% CI 0.43, 0.00] and care planning meeting 0.36 [95% CI-1.70, -0.02]. Controlling for documented risk assessments, the intervention had for falls - 0.94 [95% CI 1.08, - 0.08], nutrition - 0.87 [95% CI 1.06, - 0.67], decubitus ulcers - 0.94 [95% CI 1.08, - 0.80], and ADL status - 0.80 [95% CI 1.04, - 0.57].Conclusion: The CGA pilot was feasible and proof that the intervention increased safety justifies carrying forward to a large-scale study.Trial registration: Clinical Trials ID: NCT02773914. Registered 16 May 2016.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Wisten, Aase, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise related sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the young — Pre-mortal characterization of a Swedish nationwide cohort, showing a decline in SCD among athletes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 144, s. 99-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To study the frequency, etiology, and premortal abnormalities in exercise-related sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the young in Sweden. Methods: All subjects with SCD in 10–35-year olds in Sweden during 2000–10, were included (n = 514). Information about each case was retrieved from death certifications, autopsy- and medical records. The number of SCD in athletes was compared to national figures from 1992-99. Results: Exercise-related SCD occurred in 12% (62/514) of the SCD-population, a majority being men (56/62; 90%). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was started in 87% (54/62). In total, 48% (30/62), had a cardiac diagnosis, symptoms, family history and/or ECG-changes, before the fatal event. The most prevalent autopsy diagnosis was sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (15/62; 24%). The frequency of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) was significantly higher in exercise-related SCD compared to non-exertional SCD. Exercise-related SCD was more common in athletes (21/29) than in non-athletes (41/485) (P < 0.0001). The total number of SCDs/year in athletes 15–35 years old, are approximately halved in 2000-10 compared to the years 1992–99. Conclusion: The increased risk of exercise-related SCD in HCM and ARVC underlines the importance of early detection and eligibility recommendations. There is a major reduction in deaths among athletes in the 2000s, compared to the previous decade. These results may partly be explained by improved acute preparedness for sudden cardiac arrest (CPR, defibrillation), but as a substantial percentage have preceding risk factors, such as symptoms and ECG-abnormalities, increased cardiac screening and increased general awareness, may also play a role.
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| 10. |
- Wisten, Aase, et al.
(författare)
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Sudden cardiac death among the young in Sweden from 2000 to 2010 : an autopsy-based study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Europace. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 19:8, s. 1327-1334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To study the incidence and aetiology of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in 1-to 35-year-olds in Sweden from 2000 to 2010.Methods and results: We used the database of the Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine and the Swedish Cause of Death Registry and identified SCD cases by review of forensic files and death certificates. We identified 552 individuals with SCD in 1-to 35-year-olds; 156 (28%) were women. In 393 (71%), a forensic autopsy had been performed; in 131 (24%), a clinical autopsy had been performed; in 28 (5%) with no autopsy, a cardiac disease was diagnosed before death. The incidence of SCD per 100 000 person-years was 1.3 in 1- to 35-year-olds and 1.8 in 15- to 35-year-olds. In women, the incidence rates yearly decreased during the study period by 11% (95% confidence interval 6.6-14.2). The most common aetiology in 1- to 35-year-olds was sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (31%) and coronary artery disease (15%). In cases with forensic autopsy, death occurred during daily activity (48%), sleep (38%), and physical activity (14%); death was unwitnessed in 60%. Co-morbidity in 15- to 35-year-olds, e.g. psychiatric disorder, obesity, or diabetes, was present in 93/340 (27%) (73 men).Conclusion: The incidence of SCD among 1- to 35-year-olds in Sweden during 2000-10 was 1.3 per 100 000 person-years (28% women); incidence was decreasing in women. Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome was the most common diagnosis. Co-morbidity such as psychiatric disorders and obesity was common among men.
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