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- Hunter, D J, et al.
(författare)
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Non-dietary factors as risk factors for breast cancer, and as effect modifiers of the association of fat intake and risk of breast cancer
- 1997
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 8:1, s. 49-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To assess more precisely the relative risks associated with established risk factors for breast cancer, and whether the association between dietary fat and breast cancer risk varies according to levels of these risk factors, we pooled primary data from six prospective studies in North America and Western Europe in which individual estimates of dietary fat intake had been obtained by validated food-frequency questionnaires. Based on information from 322,647 women among whom 4,827 cases occurred during follow-up: the multivariate-adjusted risk of late menarche (age 15 years or more compared with under 12) was 0.72 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.62-0.82); of being postmenopausal was 0.82 (CI = 0.69-0.97); of high parity (three or more births compared with none) was 0.72 (CI = 0.61-0.86); of late age at first birth (over 30 years of age compared with 20 or under) was 1.46 (CI = 1.22-1.75); of benign breast disease was 1.53 (CI = 1.41-1.65); of maternal history of breast cancer was 1.38 (CI = 1.14-1.67); and history of a sister with breast cancer was 1.47 (CI = 1.27-1.70). Greater duration of schooling (more than high-school graduation compared with less than high-school graduation) was associated significantly with higher risk in age-adjusted analyses, but was attenuated after controlling for other risk factors. Total fat intake (adjusted for energy consumption) was not associated significantly with breast cancer risk in any strata of these non-dietary risk factors. We observed a marginally significant interaction between total fat intake and risk of breast cancer according to history of benign breast disease; with fat intake being associated nonsignificantly positively with risk among women with a previous history of benign breast disease; no other significant interactions were observed. Risks for reproductive factors were similar to those observed in case-control studies; relative risks for family history of breast cancer were lower. We found no clear evidence in any subgroups of a major relation between total energy-adjusted fat intake and breast cancer risk.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, SO, et al.
(författare)
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Body size and prostate cancer: A 20-year follow-up study among 135006 Swedish construction workers
- 1997
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE. - : NATL CANCER INSTITUTE. - 0027-8874. ; 89:5, s. 385-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Obesity is associated with endocrine changes (e.g., increased estrogen and decreased testosterone in the blood) that have been implicated in the cause of prostate cancer and, therefore, an association between body weight and the risk of develo
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| 7. |
- Bergström, A., et al.
(författare)
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Occupational physical activity and renal cell cancer : a nationwide cohort study in Sweden
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - New York, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 83:2, s. 186-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The causes of renal cell cancer remain incompletely understood. In one previous retrospective case-control study, high occupational physical activity has been associated with a decreased risk among men, but not among women. Our aim was to investigate the association between occupational physical activity and renal cell cancer in a large cohort in Sweden. A cohort of Swedish men and women was identified in the nationwide censuses in 1960 and 1970, and the reported occupations were classified into 4 levels of physical demands. Follow-up from 1971 through 1989 was accomplished through record linkages to the Swedish Cancer Registry. Multivariate Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We found a monotonic increase in risk of renal cell cancer with decreasing level of occupational physical activity among men (p for trend <0.001). After adjustment for socio-economic status, place of residence, and calendar year of follow-up, men with long-term sedentary jobs had a 25% (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.02-1.53) increased risk compared to men with physically demanding occupations. Among women there was no association, the dose-risk trend was not significant (p for trend >0.50). Occupational physical activity was inversely associated with renal cell cancer among men. The absence of association among women might be due to smaller range of exposure, confounding by household work or reproductive factors, or to a difference in biological response to physical activity in men and women.
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| 9. |
- Holmberg, L, et al.
(författare)
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A search for recall bias in a case-control study of diet and breast cancer
- 1996
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM. - 0300-5771. ; 25:2, s. 235-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. In retrospective studies of dietary habits and breast cancer risk, recall bias is a concern since diet has been publicized as a cause of breast cancer. Methods, In a case-control study of diet and breast cancer risk nested within a cohort of w
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| 10. |
- Lindblad, Per, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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The role of diabetes mellitus in the aetiology of renal cell cancer
- 1999
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - New York, USA : Springer. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 42:1, s. 107-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the relation between diabetes mellitus and the risk of renal cell cancer we carried out a population-based retrospective cohort study. Patients identified in the Swedish Inpatient Register who were discharged from hospitals with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus between 1965 and 1983 formed a cohort of 153852 patients (80005 women and 73847 men). The cohort members were followed up to 1989 by record linkage to three nation-wide registries. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were computed using age-specific sex-specific and period-specific incidence and mortality rates derived from the entire Swedish population. After exclusion of the first year of observation, a total of 267 incidences of renal cell cancer (ICD-7:180.0) occurred in diabetic patients compared with the 182.4 that had been expected. Increased risks were observed in both women (SIR = 1.7, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.4-2.0) and men (SIR = 1.3; 95 % CI = 1.1-1.6) throughout the duration of follow-up (1-25 years). A higher risk was seen for kidney cancer (ICD-7:180) mortality (SMR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.7-2.2, women; SMR 1.7, 95% CI = 1.4-1.9, men). In comparison with the general population, patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of renal cell cancer.
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