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- Acharya, B. S., et al.
(författare)
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Introducing the CTA concept
- 2013
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Ingår i: Astroparticle physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-6505 .- 1873-2852. ; 43, s. 3-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a new observatory for very high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. CTA has ambitions science goals, for which it is necessary to achieve full-sky coverage, to improve the sensitivity by about an order of magnitude, to span about four decades of energy, from a few tens of GeV to above 100 TeV with enhanced angular and energy resolutions over existing VHE gamma-ray observatories. An international collaboration has formed with more than 1000 members from 27 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America. In 2010 the CTA Consortium completed a Design Study and started a three-year Preparatory Phase which leads to production readiness of CTA in 2014. In this paper we introduce the science goals and the concept of CTA, and provide an overview of the project. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Actis, M., et al.
(författare)
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Design concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA : an advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Experimental astronomy. - : Springer. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 32:3, s. 193-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA.
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| 3. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 6. |
- Y-Hassan, S, et al.
(författare)
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Bromocriptine-induced coronary spasm caused acute coronary syndrome, which triggered its own clinical twin--Takotsubo syndrome
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cardiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9751 .- 0008-6312. ; 119:1, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bromocriptine-induced coronary spasm (BICS) causing myocardial infarction has been reported. Association between BICS and Takotsubo syndrome (TS) has not been described. We report on a 37-year-old woman presenting with a clinical picture of acute coronary syndrome 1 day after initiation of treatment with bromocriptine for ablactation 3 weeks after a full-term spontaneous vaginal delivery. Coronary angiography showed diffuse narrowing of a large diagonal branch. Left ventriculography showed widespread hypokinesia extending beyond the diagonal branch supply region. There was a slight elevation of myocardial infarction biomarkers that was disproportional to the degree of left ventricular dysfunction. Follow-up coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound and left ventriculography showed normal coronary arteries including the diagonal branch and complete normalization of the left ventricular function. Cardiac magnetic resonance examination showed no signs of late myocardial gadolinium enhancement. The clinical picture and course of the disease was consistent with TS. Consequently, we describe for the first time a case of TS triggered by myocardial ischemia caused by BICS. Furthermore, our case and sufficient supporting data from the literature demonstrate that acute coronary syndrome is an important and frequent but up till now missed trigger factor for TS.
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| 9. |
- Y-Hassan, S, et al.
(författare)
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Coronary artery perforation and regrowth of a side branch occluded by a polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent implantation
- 2011
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Ingår i: ISRN cardiology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-5599 .- 2090-5580. ; 2011, s. 212851-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stenting of the right coronary artery stenosis caused coronary perforation and profound dye (blood) extravasation in a 69-year-old female patient. Instantaneous balloon inflation followed by implantation of a polytetrafluoroethylene- (PTFE-)covered stent sealed the coronary perforation, restored the blood flow, and perceivably caused acute occlusion of a large side branch (SB). The immediate in situ balloon inflation prevented the development of cardiac tamponade. Surprisingly, followup coronary angiography 4 and 11 months later showed spontaneous recanalization of the SB occluded by PTFE-covered stent. The SB was filled through a channel beginning at the end of the covered stent streaming retrogradely beneath it toward the SB ostium. Up to the best of our knowledge, this is the first described case of late spontaneous recanalization of as SB occluded by a PTFE-covered stent.
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