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- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
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- Yang, Jian, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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A Fast Algorithm for Calculating the Radiation Pattern in the Longitudinal Plane of Antennas with Cylindrical Structure by Applying Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation in a Spectrum of Two-dimensional Solutions
- 2004
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. - 0018-926X .- 1558-2221. ; 52:7, s. 1700-1706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When dealing with electromagnetic problems of small three-dimensional (3-D) elements, such as dipole, microstrip patches and slots, in the vicinity of two-dimensional (2-D) structures, it is very efficient to find the radiation characteristics of the 3-D elements by using a spectrum of 2-D solutions (S2DS). Only one 2-D solution in the spectral domain is needed to obtain the radiation pattern in the transverse plane defined by θ = 90°. For the radiation in a longitudinal plane defined by a fixed azimuth angle φ, one 2-D problem has to be solved for each value of the polar angle θ. This paper presents a fast algorithm by which the radiation pattern in the longitudinal plane can be computed more efficiently. The algorithm applies the method of asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) in the 2-D spectral domain. For the cases shown in the paper, the algorithm needs only three 2-D solutions to determine the complete radiation pattern in the longitudinal plane. © 2004 IEEE.
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- Yang, Jian, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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A Fast Calculation of Impedances of Dipoles near Cylindrical Structure by Applying Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation in a Spectrum of 2D Solutions
- 2004
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Ingår i: Microwave and Optical Technology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1098-2760 .- 0895-2477. ; 43:4, s. 314-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A spectrum of 2D solutions (S2DS) applies the Fourier transform to 3D currents in the uniform direction of a 2D cylindrical structure to arrive into a spectral-domain problem which can be solved by 2D spatial techniques. In order to calculate the near fields that are needed for the calculation of impedance, the inverse Fourier transform must be performed. This usually requires a large number of 2D solutions in the spectral domain. By using the asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) method in S2DS, the inverse Fourier transform can be performed very efficiently, with only several 2D solutions in the spectral domain. This paper presents the fast calculation of the impedance of a dipole in the vicinity of a 2D cylindrical structure. The cases presented in this paper show that the calculation is accelerated seven times more than by using the direct S2DS method.
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- Yang, Jian, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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A Fast Mode Analysis for Waveguides of Arbitrary Cross Section With Multiple Regions by Using a Spectrum of Two-Dimensional Solutions and Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation
- 2004
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. - 0018-9480 .- 1557-9670. ; 52:6, s. 1615-1621
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fast mode analysis for waveguides of arbitrary cross section with multiple regions is presented in this paper. The analysis is based on a spectrum of two-dimensional (2-D) solutions with application of asymptotic waveform evaluation, which requires only several 2-D solutions in searching for the propagation modes and calculating the field distribution of the modes in waveguides. The boundaries of waveguides can be modeled by perfect electric conductors, perfect magnetic conductors, dielectric materials, and asymptotic strip boundary conditions. By this modeling, one can also analyze the waveguides with the soft and hard surfaces. The method is excitation dependent, which provides a tool to analyze the response of different modes to different excitations. No existence of spurious modes is experienced by using this method. The verification and comparison of the numerical results with analytical, published data, and measurements are also presented in this paper.
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