| 1. |
- Brierley, Chris M., et al.
(författare)
-
Large-scale features and evaluation of the PMIP4-CMIP6 midHolocene simulations
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 16:5, s. 1847-1872
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mid-Holocene (6000 years ago) is a standard time period for the evaluation of the simulated response of global climate models using palaeoclimate reconstructions. The latest mid-Holocene simulations are a palaeoclimate entry card for the Palaeoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP4) component of the current phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) - hereafter referred to as PMIP4-CMIP6. Here we provide an initial analysis and evaluation of the results of the experiment for the mid-Holocene. We show that state-of-the-art models produce climate changes that are broadly consistent with theory and observations, including increased summer warming of the Northern Hemisphere and associated shifts in tropical rainfall. Many features of the PMIP4-CMIP6 simulations were present in the previous generation (PMIP3-CMIP5) of simulations. The PMIP4-CMIP6 ensemble for the mid-Holocene has a global mean temperature change of -0.3 K, which is -0.2K cooler than the PMIP3-CMIP5 simulations predominantly as a result of the prescription of realistic greenhouse gas concentrations in PMIP4-CMIP6. Biases in the magnitude and the sign of regional responses identified in PMIP3-CMIP5, such as the amplification of the northern African monsoon, precipitation changes over Europe, and simulated aridity in mid-Eurasia, are still present in the PMIP4-CMIP6 simulations. Despite these issues, PMIP4-CMIP6 and the mid-Holocene provide an opportunity both for quantitative evaluation and derivation of emergent constraints on the hydrological cycle, feedback strength, and potentially climate sensitivity.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ngo, Debby, et al.
(författare)
-
Circulating testican-2 is a podocyte-derived marker of kidney health
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 117:40, s. 25026-25035
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In addition to their fundamental role in clearance, the kidneys release select molecules into the circulation, but whether any of these anabolic functions provides insight on kidney health is unknown. Using aptamer-based proteomics, we characterized arterial (A)-to-renal venous (V) gradients for >1,300 proteins in 22 individuals who underwent invasive sampling. Although most of the proteins that changed significantly decreased from A to V, consistent with renal clearance, several were found to increase, the most significant of which was testican-2. To assess the clinical implications of these physiologic findings, we examined proteomic data in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), an African-American cohort (n = 1,928), with replication in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), a White cohort (n = 1,621). In both populations, testican-2 had a strong, positive correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In addition, higher baseline testican-2 levels were associated with a lower rate of eGFR decline in models adjusted for age, gender, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, body mass index, baseline eGFR, and albuminuria. Glomerular expression of testican-2 in human kidneys was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy, while single-cell RNA sequencing of human kidneys showed expression of the cognate gene, SPOCK2, exclusively in podocytes. In vitro, testican-2 increased glomerular endothelial tube formation and motility, raising the possibility that its secretion has a functional role within the glomerulus. Taken together, our findings identify testican-2 as a podocyte-derived biomarker of kidney health and prognosis.
|
|
| 3. |
- Wang, Hui, et al.
(författare)
-
Endoplasmic reticulum-targeted fluorogenic probe based on pyrimidine derivative for visualizing exogenous/endogenous H2S in living cells
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Dyes and pigments. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0143-7208 .- 1873-3743. ; 179
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing new probes for visualizing H2S in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is of great significance in physiological and pathological fields in that the probe can antagonise ER stress. Herein, we try to explore efficient reporting fluorophores based on three pyrimidine derivatives (L1, L2 and L3), and eventually, a novel probe WH2S was fabricated by using emissive pyrimidine derivative (L1) as the reporting fluomphore. Upon the addition of H2S, the probe processed a thiolytic cleavage to regenerate L1, delivering a remarkable fluorescence enhancement. Probe WH2S presents a perfect selectivity, high sensitivity and low detection limit (3.81 mu M) towards H2S in the buffer media. Most importantly, fluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrate that WH2S can precisely accumulate in ER and detect exogenous/endogenous H2S at cellular level. These results imply that probe WH2S possesses great potentiality in tracking target H2S in complicated and changeable living systems.
|
|
