| 1. |
- Du, Xinyu, et al.
(författare)
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Short-, Medium-, and Long-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Wildlife from Paddy Fields in the Yangtze River Delta
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 52:3, s. 1072-1080
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) were added to Annex A of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in April, 2017. As a consequence of this regulation, increasing production and usage of alternatives, such as medium- and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs and LCCPs, respectively), is expected. Little is known about the environmental fate and behavior of MCCPs and LCCPs. In the present study, SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs were analyzed in nine wildlife species from paddy fields in the Yangtze River Delta, China, using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs were detected in all samples at concentrations ranging from <91-43000, 96-33 000, and 14-10000 ng/g lipid, respectively. Most species contained primarily MCCPs (on average 44%), with the exception of collared scops owl and common cuckoo, in which SCCPs (43%) accumulated to a significantly (i.e., p < 0.05) greater extent than MCCPs (40%). Cl-6 groups were dominant in most species except for yellow weasel and short-tailed mamushi, which contained primarily Cl-7 groups. Principal components analysis, together with CP concentrations and carbon stable isotope analysis showed that habitat and feeding habits were key factors driving CP accumulation and congener group patterns in wildlife. This is the first report of LCCP exposure in wildlife and highlights the need for data on risks associated with CP usage.
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| 2. |
- Zhou, Yihui, et al.
(författare)
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Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) in a freshwater food web from Dianshan Lake : Occurrence level, congener pattern and trophic transfer
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 615, s. 1010-1018
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are new group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) listed in the Stockholm Convention. The Yangtze River Delta is among the industrially most developed areas in China, supporting a large production and consumption of chlorinated paraffins (CPs). Despite this, there is very limited data on the environmental exposure of SCCPs from the region. This study analyzed SCCPs in 14 wild aquatic organisms from Dianshan Lake, Shanghai, China. The concentrations of total SCCPs ranged from 10 to 1300 mu g g(-1) lipid weight, with significantly higher levels (p < 0.05) in benthic (benthic fish and invertebrates) than in non-benthic species (pelagic and mesopelagic fish). The abundance of C-10 congeners was much higher in the benthic species compared to in the non-benthic species. The calculated trophic magnification factors (TMFs) of SCCP congeners varied from 1.19 (C10H12Cl10) to 1.57 (C13H20Cl8). The TMFs were significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with carbon-chain length in a positive linear relationship and with Log K-ow in a parabolic curve relationship. Considering the high concentrations of SCCPs in wild aquatic organisms and the trophic magnification observed in the freshwater food web, further studies should be undertaken to assess the environmental fate of SCCPs and the public health risk in the Yangtze River Delta.
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