| 1. |
- Qin, Haiying, et al.
(författare)
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Direct biofuel low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells
- 2011
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Ingår i: ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1754-5692 .- 1754-5706. ; 4:4, s. 1273-1276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell system was developed to use bioethanol and glycerol as fuels directly. This system achieved a maximum power density of 215 mW cm(-2) by using glycerol at 580 degrees C and produced a great impact on sustainable energy and the environment.
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| 2. |
- Qu, Yanhua, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Ground tit genome reveals avian adaptation to living at high altitudes in the Tibetan plateau.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 4, s. 2071-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ground tit (Parus humilis) is endemic to the Tibetan plateau. It is a member of family Paridae but it was long thought to be related to the ground jays because of their morphological similarities. Here we present the ground tit's genome and re-sequence two tits and one ground jay, to clarify this controversially taxonomic status and uncover its genetic adaptations to the Tibetan plateau. Our results show that ground tit groups with two tits and it diverges from them between 7.7 and 9.9 Mya. Compared with other avian genomes, ground tit shows expansion in genes linked to energy metabolism and contractions in genes involved in immune and olfactory perception. We also found positively selected and rapidly evolving genes in hypoxia response and skeletal development. These results indicated that ground tit evolves basic strategies and 'tit-to-jay' change for coping with the life in an extreme environment.
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| 3. |
- Tang, Z. G., et al.
(författare)
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SDC-LiNa carbonate composite and nanocomposite electrolytes
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 35:7, s. 2970-2975
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural and A.C. impedance analyses were conducted for various ceria-based composite systems. Structural studies showed that the ceria-carbonate composites are two-phase materials, where carbonates were often amorphous. Two phases of ceria and carbonates are mixed at different particle size levels depending on the preparation techniques, especially, employing the NANOCOFC (nanocomposites for advanced fuel cell technology) approach to prepare ceria-LiNaCO3 nanocomposites. General observations from structural analyses are that different preparation techniques resulted in two-phase composite particles in different particle sizes varying from micrometer level to nano-level accompanying also different homogeneity. General observations from impedance analyses are that for the nanocomposites (particle size at nano-scale) more complex grain boundary interface effects are observed compared to that for samples with grains of the micrometer level, but nanocomposites showed enhanced conductivities at the low temperatures. Interfaces and interfacial conduction mechanism can be concluded for such conductivity enhancement. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Zhu, Bin, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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A new energy conversion technology joining electrochemical and physical principles
- 2012
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - 2046-2069. ; 2:12, s. 5066-5070
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a new energy conversion technology joining electrochemical and physical principles. This technology can realize the fuel cell function but built on a different scientific principle. The device consists of a single component which is a homogenous mixture of ceria composite with semiconducting materials, e.g. LiNiCuZn-based oxides. The test devices with hydrogen and air operation delivered a power density of 760mWcm(-2) at 550 degrees C. The device has demonstrated a multi-fuel flexibility and direct alcohol and biogas operations have delivered 300-500 mW cm(-2) at the same temperature. Device physics reveal a key principle similar to solar cells realizing the function based on an effective separation of electronic and ionic conductions and phases within the single-component. The component material multi-functionalities: ion and semi-conductions and bi-catalysis to H-2 or alcohol (methanol and ethanol) and air (O-2) enable this device realized as a fuel cell.
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| 5. |
- Abbas, Ghazanfar, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation and characterization of nanocomposite calcium doped ceria electrolyte with alkali carbonates (NK-CDC) for SOFC
- 2010
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Ingår i: ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, FUELCELL 2010. - : ASME Press. - 9780791844052 ; , s. 427-432
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The entire world's challenge is to find out the renewable energy sources due to rapid depletion of fossil fuels because of their high consumption. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are believed to be the best alternative source which converts chemical energy into electricity without combustion. Nanostructured study is required to develop highly ionic conductive electrolyte for SOFCs. In this work, the calcium doped ceria (Ce0.8Ca0.2O 1.9) coated with 20% molar ratio of two alkali carbonates (CDC-M: MCO3, where M= Na and K) electrolyte was prepared by co-precipitation method in this study. Ni based electrode was used to fabricate the cell by dry pressing technique. The crystal structure and surface morphology was characterized by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). The particle size was calculated in the range of 10-20nm by Scherrer's formula and compared with SEM and TEM results. The ionic conductivity was measured by using AC Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) method. The activation energy was also evaluated. The performance of the cell was measured 0.567W/cm2 at temperature 550°C with hydrogen as a fuel.
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| 6. |
- Abbas, Ghazanfar, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation and Characterization of Nanocomposite Calcium Doped Ceria Electrolyte With Alkali Carbonates (NK-CDC) for SOFC
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology. - : ASME International. - 1550-624X .- 1551-6989. ; 8:4, s. 041013-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The entire world's challenge is to find out the renewable energy sources due to rapid depletion of fossil fuels because of their high consumption. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are believed to be the best alternative source, which converts chemical energy into electricity without combustion. Nanostructure study is required to develop highly ionic conductive electrolytes for SOFCs. In this work, the calcium doped ceria (Ce0.8Ca0.2O1.9) coated with 20% molar ratio of two alkali carbonates (CDC-M: MCO3, where M = Na and K) electrolyte was prepared by coprecipitation method. Ni based electrode was used to fabricate the cell by dry pressing technique. The crystal structure and surface morphology were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The particle size was calculated in the range 10-20 nm by Scherer's formula and compared with SEM and TEM results. The ionic conductivity was measured by using ac electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method. The activation energy was also evaluated. The performance of the cell was measured 0.567 W/cm(2) at temperature 550 degrees C with hydrogen as a fuel.
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| 7. |
- Abbas, Ghazanfar, et al.
(författare)
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Study of CuNiZnGdCe-Nanocomposite Anode for Low Temperature SOFC
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters. - : American Scientific Publishers. - 1941-4900 .- 1941-4919. ; 4:4, s. 389-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Composite electrodes of Cu0.16Ni0.27Zn0.37Ce0.16Gd0.04 (CNZGC) oxides have been successfully synthesized by solid state reaction method as anode material for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LTSOFC). These electrodes are characterized by XRD followed by sintering at various time periods and temperatures. Particle size of optimized composition was calculated 40-85 nm and sintered at 800 degrees C for 4 hours. Electrical conductivity of 4.14 S/cm was obtained at a temperature of 550 degrees C by the 4-prob DC method. The activation energy was calculated 4 x 10(-2) eV at 550 degrees C. Hydrogen was used as fuel and air as oxidant at anode and cathode sides respectively. I-V/I-P curves were obtained in the temperature range of 400-550 degrees C. The maximum power density was achieved for 570 mW/cm(2) at 550 degrees C.
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| 8. |
- Abel, I, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the JET results with the ITER-like wall
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10, s. 104002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the completion in May 2011 of the shutdown for the installation of the beryllium wall and the tungsten divertor, the first set of JET campaigns have addressed the investigation of the retention properties and the development of operational scenarios with the new plasma-facing materials. The large reduction in the carbon content (more than a factor ten) led to a much lower Z(eff) (1.2-1.4) during L- and H-mode plasmas, and radiation during the burn-through phase of the plasma initiation with the consequence that breakdown failures are almost absent. Gas balance experiments have shown that the fuel retention rate with the new wall is substantially reduced with respect to the C wall. The re-establishment of the baseline H-mode and hybrid scenarios compatible with the new wall has required an optimization of the control of metallic impurity sources and heat loads. Stable type-I ELMy H-mode regimes with H-98,H-y2 close to 1 and beta(N) similar to 1.6 have been achieved using gas injection. ELM frequency is a key factor for the control of the metallic impurity accumulation. Pedestal temperatures tend to be lower with the new wall, leading to reduced confinement, but nitrogen seeding restores high pedestal temperatures and confinement. Compared with the carbon wall, major disruptions with the new wall show a lower radiated power and a slower current quench. The higher heat loads on Be wall plasma-facing components due to lower radiation made the routine use of massive gas injection for disruption mitigation essential.
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| 9. |
- Basile, A., et al.
(författare)
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European Fuel Cell 2011
- 2013
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 38:1, s. 319-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Bin, Zhu, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Single component fuel cell : materials and technology
- 2011
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Ingår i: EFC 2011 - Proceedings of the 4th European Fuel Cell Piero Lunghi Conference and Exhibition. - : ENEA. - 9788882862541 ; , s. 183-184
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developments on NANOCOFC (Nanocomposites for advanced fuel cell technology)-a EC-China research network, www.nanocofc.com bring about many new functional materials for advanced fuel cell technologies by introducing nanotechnology into the ceria-composite field. The NANOCOFC has developed this field with more great potentials for continuous research and developments. A typical example is single-component fuel cell reactor or electrolyte-free fuel cell technologies. A radical new fuel cell R&D and new strategy would be explored and developed. Since invented in 1839, all fuel cells (FCs) have been built using three components - the electrolyte, anode and cathode with the electrolyte as the core. Liberation from the constraints of electrolytes has created a revolutionary way to construct a more efficient, ultra low cost and simple FC. The core of our new invention and advanced technology consists of a single layer with mixed ionic and semi- conductivities, providing direct and more efficient conversion from chemical energy to electricity. The FC reactions take place on surfaces of particles all over the component acting as a reactor. This article makes a short review on materials and technology for this radical new fuel cell R&D.
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