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- Freisling, Heinz, et al.
(författare)
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Region-Specific Nutrient Intake Patterns Exhibit a Geographical Gradient within and between European Countries
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1541-6100 .- 0022-3166. ; 140:7, s. 1280-1286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Until recently, the study of nutrient patterns was hampered at an international level by a lack of standardization of both dietary methods and nutrient databases. We aimed to describe the diversity of nutrient patterns in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study at population level as a starting point for future nutrient pattern analyses and their associations with chronic diseases in multi-center studies. In this cross-sectional study, 36,034 persons aged 35-74 y were administered a single, standardized 24-h dietary recall. Intake of 25 nutrients (excluding intake from dietary supplements) was estimated using a standardized nutrient database. We used a graphic presentation of mean nutrient intakes by region and sex relative to the overall EPIC means to contrast patterns within and between 10 European countries. In Mediterranean regions, including Greece, Italy, and the southern centers of Spain, the nutrient pattern was dominated by relatively high intakes of vitamin E and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), whereas intakes of retinol and vitamin D were relatively low. In contrast, in Nordic countries, including Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, reported intake of these same nutrients resulted in almost the opposite pattern. Population groups in Germany, The Netherlands, and the UK shared a fatty acid pattern of relatively high intakes of PUFA and SFA and relatively low intakes of MUFA, in combination with a relatively high intake of sugar. We confirmed large variability in nutrient intakes across the EPIC study populations and identified 3 main region-specific patterns with a geographical gradient within and between European countries. J. Nutr. 140: 1280-1286, 2010.
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| 2. |
- Gast, Gerrie-Cor M, et al.
(författare)
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Menstrual cycle characteristics and risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Fertility and Sterility. - : Elsevier BV. - 1556-5653 .- 0015-0282. ; 94, s. 2379-2381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a prospective cohort study, we observed that women with a history of irregular cycles have a 28% increased coronary heart disease risk and tended to have a higher type 2 diabetes risk as compared with women who had a regular cycle length of 27 to 29 days. This association could not be explained by metabolic risk factors or altered hormone levels.
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| 3. |
- Gast, Gerrie-Cor M, et al.
(författare)
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Vasomotor symptoms, estradiol levels and cardiovascular risk profile in women.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Maturitas. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4111 .- 0378-5122. ; Mar 4, s. 285-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether menopausal vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are related to an adverse cardiovascular risk profile. Furthermore, we examined the association between estradiol levels and VMS, and whether an association between VMS and cardiovascular risk factors can be explained by estradiol levels. STUDY DESIGN: We used data from a Swedish population-based sample of 5857 women, aged 50-64 years. Data on VMS and potential confounders were collected by questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), glucose, blood pressure, lipid profile and estradiol levels were measured. RESULTS: Symptoms of flushing/sweats were reported by 55% and sweats by 31% of all women. Estradiol concentrations were significantly lower in women with VMS. After multivariate adjustment, women with symptoms of sweats had a statistically significantly higher BMI, waist hip ratio, total cholesterol level, LDL level, triglycerides level, glucose level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These patterns did not change after correction for estradiol. The associations between flushing/sweats combined and cardiovascular risk factors were less pronounced. CONCLUSIONS: Women with VMS have a less favorable cardiovascular risk profile. Although estradiol levels were significantly lower among women with VMS, the increased cardiovascular risk profile cannot be explained by circulating estradiol levels.
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