| 1. |
- Bergman, Lars
(författare)
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Using Multicoloured Halftone Screens for Offset Print Quality Monitoring
- 2005
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- In the newspaper printing industry, offset is the dominating printing method and the use of multicolour printing has increased rapidly in newspapers during the last decade. The offset printing process relies on the assumption that an uniform film of ink of right thickness is transferred onto the printing areas. The quality of reproduction of colour images in offset printing is dependent on a number of parameters in a chain of steps and in the end it is the amount and the distribution of ink deposited on the substrate that create the sensation and thus the perceived colours. We identify three control points in the offset printing process and present methods for assessing the printing process quality in two of these points:• Methods for determining if the printing plates carry the correct image• Methods for determining the amount of ink deposited onto the newsprintA new concept of colour impression is introduced as a measure of the amount of ink deposited on the newsprint. Two factors contribute to values of the colour impression, the halftone dot-size and ink density. Colour impression values are determined on gray-bars using a CCD-camera based system. Colour impression values can also be determined in an area containing an arbitrary combination of cyan magenta and yellow inks. The correct amount of ink is known either from a reference print or from prepress information. Thus, the deviation of the amount of ink can be determined that can be used as control value by a press operator or as input to a control system.How a closed loop controller can be designed based on the colour impression values is also shown.It is demonstrated that the methods developed can be used for off-line print quality monitoring and ink feed control, or preferably in an online system in a newspaper printing press.
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| 2. |
- Hinic, Hansi
(författare)
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Psykologiska, sociala och motivationsfaktorer inom ungdomsfotbollen
- 2004
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- Vilka faktorer som motiverar ungdomar att idrotta samt hur självkänsla, upplevdkompetens och faktorn ”ha skoj” är relaterade till olika motivationsfaktorer har undersöktsi denna studie. Vidare undersöktes ungdomars upplevelse av samt föräldrarsuppfattning om hur föräldrainvolveringen sker. Dessutom studerades hur föräldrainvolveringär relaterad till motivationsfaktorer, upplevd kompetens, faktorn ”ha skoj”samt individens självkänsla hos flickor och pojkar samt om det finns skillnader mellankönen vad gäller dessa aspekter. Totalt deltog 425 fotbollsspelande flickor och pojkar iåldern 12-18 år. De besvarade ett enkätbatteri angående motivation, självkänsla,upplevd kompetens, faktorn ”ha skoj” samt föräldrainvolvering. Därutöver deltog 797föräldrar som besvarade frågor om föräldrainvolvering. Resultaten visade attungdomar främst motiverades av faktorerna ”ha roligt”, ”hälsa” samt ”laganda”.Flickor motiverades mer av faktorn ”laganda” och pojkar mer av faktorn ”utvecklafärdigheterna”. Dessutom var självkänsla positivt relaterad till inre motivationsfaktorer.Ungdomarnas upplevelse av föräldrainvolvering stämde överlag överens medvad föräldrarna rapporterade. Vidare var självkänsla positivt relaterad till upplevtberöm och förståelse samt negativt till upplevd press från föräldrarna. Även faktorernaupplevd kompetens och ”ha skoj” var positivt relaterade till självkänsla. Ingaskillnader erhölls vad gäller fysiskt aktiva föräldrar jämfört med icke fysiskt aktivaföräldrar på rapportrad föräldrainvolvering eller ungdomars upplevelse av föräldrainvolvering.Flickors bassjälvkänsla var endast relaterad till faderns involvering medanpojkars var relaterad till både moderns och faderns involvering. Upplevd kompetensoch faktorn ”ha skoj” var positivt relaterade till moderns respektive faderns beröm ochförståelse hos pojkar men inte hos flickor. En slutsats av denna studie är att idrotten iändå högre utsträckning än i dag bör betona aspekter såsom ”ha skoj”, ”laganda”, samt”utveckla färdigheterna” i sin verksamhet. Föräldrar bör inta en positiv attityd till sinabarns idrottande, vilket inbegriper såväl beröm som förståelse. Tillsammans, medföräldrarna, kan idrottsrörelsen skapa en god miljö för ungdomar att idrotta i ochdärmed bidra till att ungdomarna grundlägger en livslång vana av regelbunden fysiskaktivitet.
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| 3. |
- Jonsson, Magnus, 1969-
(författare)
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Fiber-Optic Interconnections in High-Performance Real-Time Computer Systems
- 1997
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- Future parallel computer systems for embedded real-time applications,where each node in itself can be a parallel computer, are predicted to havevery high bandwidth demands on the interconnection network. Otherimportant properties are time-deterministic latency and guarantees to meetdeadlines. In this thesis, a fiber-optic passive optical star network with amedium access protocol for packet switched communication in distributedreal-time systems is proposed. By using WDM (Wavelength DivisionMultiplexing), multiple channels, each with a capacity of several Gb/s, areobtained.A number of protocols for WDM star networks have recently been proposed.However, the area of real-time protocols for these networks is quiteunexplored. The protocol proposed in this thesis is based on TDMA (TimeDivision Multiple Access) and uses a new distributed slot-allocationalgorithm with real-time properties. Services for both guarantee-seekingmessages and best-effort messages are supported for single destination,multicast, and broadcast transmission. Slot reserving can be used toincrease the time-deterministic bandwidth, while still having an efficientbandwidth utilization due to a simple slot release method.By connecting several clusters of the proposed WDM star network by abackbone star, thus forming a star-of-stars network, we get a modular andscalable high-bandwidth network. The deterministic properties of thenetwork are theoretically analyzed for both intra-cluster and inter-clustercommunication, and computer simulations of intra-cluster communicationare reported. Also, an overview of high-performance fiber-opticcommunication systems is presented.
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| 4. |
- Kunert, Kristina, 1976-
(författare)
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Fibre-Optic AWG Networks Supporting Real-Time Communication in High-Performance Embedded Systems
- 2008
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- High-performance embedded systems communicating heterogeneous traffic with high bandwidth and strict timing requirements are in need of more efficient communication solutions. This thesis proposes two multi-wavelength passive optical networks able to meet these demands. The networks are based upon a single-hop star topology with an Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) placed in the centre. The intended application areas for the two networks are short range embedded communication systems like System Area Networks (SANs) and router architectures with electronic queuing. The AWG’s attractive property of spatial wavelength reuse, as well as the combination of fixed-tuned and tuneable transceivers in the end nodes, enables simultaneous control and data traffic transmission. This, in turn, makes it possible to support heterogeneous traffic with both hard and soft real-time constraints.Additionally, two Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols, one for each network solution, are developed. Traffic scheduling is centrally controlled by a node, the protocol processor, residing together with the AWG in a hub. All nodes use Earliest Deadline First (EDF) scheduling and communicate with the protocol processor through physical control channels. A case study, including simulations, in the field of Radar Signal Processing (RSP) and simulations using periodic real-time traffic are conducted for the two application areas respectively, showing very good results. Further, a deterministic real-time analysis is conducted to provide throughput and delay guarantees for hard real-time traffic and an increase in guaranteed traffic is achieved through an analysis of existing traffic dependencies in a multichannel network. Simulation results incorporating the traffic dependency analysis indicate a considerable increase in the possible guaranteed throughput of hard real-time traffic.
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| 5. |
- Persson, Urban, 1961-
(författare)
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Realise the Potential! Cost Effective and Energy Efficient District Heating in European Urban Areas
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- The Member States of EU27 need to accelerate the integration of energy efficient technology solutions to reach the 20% energy efficiency target set for 2020. At current pace, projections indicate that only half of expected primary energy reductions will be reached. To meet the energy demands of growing populations and a vibrant economy, while simultaneously reducing primary energy supplies, the European continent faces a new kind of challenge never previously encountered. The identification and application of feasible, competitive, and comprehensive solutions to this problem are of highest priority if the remaining gap is to be closed in time. How is this multi-dimensional and complex dilemma to be dissolved? In this work, expanded use of district heating technology is conceived as a possible solution to substantially reduce future primary energy demands in Europe. By extended recovery and utilisation of vast volumes of currently disregarded excess heat from energy and industry sector fuel transformation processes, district heating systems and combined generation of heat and power can improve the general efficiency of the European energy balance. To investigate the possible range of this solution, this thesis introduces a set of methodologies, theoretical concepts, and model tools, by which a plausible future excess heat utilisation potential, by means of district heat deliveries to residential and service sectors, is estimated. At current conditions and compared to current levels, this potential correspond to a threefold expansion possibility for directly feasible district heating systems in European urban areas and a fourfold increase of European excess heat utilisation.
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| 6. |
- Romaniak, Anna
(författare)
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The problem of discrimination outside the workplace in the European Union
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- The European Union is the Community made on bases of multiculturalism, diversity andequality between Members and its citizens. From the very beginning of being social actor, the European Union has wanted to fight with discrimination. In the July 2008 the Council Directive on implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation was announced. This essay is about the problem of discrimination on the ground of ethnic origin, disability and sexual orientation inthe European Union. According to the Eurobarometer survey these types of discrimination are the most spread within the European Society. With help of this survey I set a hypothesis and I tested it. The question was if the “Old” Member States are more successful with the fight with the problem that “New” Member States. There are acts of law considering and protectingcitizens against discrimination. Most of the regulations include the unequal treatment inemployment, is why I wanted to make researches about the same problem outside theemployment. I checked what kind of minorities protection exist in legal framework of the EU and I concluded that the New Directive Proposal is actually answer for their problems and in the same time legislation changes are not enough.
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| 7. |
- Rundquist, Jonas, 1964-
(författare)
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Outsourcing of New Product Development - A decision framework
- 2007
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- The focus of this thesis is the outsourcing of activities in the New Product Development (NPD) process. Outsourcing of NPD refers to the outsourcing of development activities for the developing of new products (goods and/or service), where all or just the innovative part of the NPD process is purchased externally based on a contract with organizational units separate from the outsourcing firm. This definition implies that (A) the activity should be an innovative part of the NPD process, (B) the activity should have previously been conducted internally, and (C) the activity should be purchased under a contractual agreement between the organizations.This thesis focuses on the outsourcing of NPD in medium sized firms. Although the framework is probably also useful for small and large firms, the three empirical studies in the thesis explored samples of medium sized firms. NPD is a knowledge intensive activity that requires the ability to handle uncertainties and is very dependent on the individuals involved in the process. In this way it differs from production, which (especially when producing standard items on a large scale) is easier to control, monitor and to evaluate the costs. Therefore, some considerations connected to knowledge acquisition and uncertainty needs to be addressed.A literature review reveals that research on outsourcing often focuses on A) Large firms and B) outsourcing of production activities. In addition, research on NPD usually involves large firms, despite the fact that the interest in product development in small and medium sized firms has grown rapidly in recent years. Since outsourcing of NPD is a method frequently used to access competence, and reduce costs and/or uncertainty, it seems motivated to study the outsourcing of NPD in medium sized firms.The thesis presents a decision framework that is based on three empirical studies (two survey studies and one case study) and a theoretical framework. The theoretical framework presented in the thesis is commonly used to understand outsourcing questions in general. In the present thesis the framework is applied in the specific situation of outsourcing a knowledge intensive activity (such as NPD) in the context of medium sized firms. Transactions cost, resource based, resource dependency, knowledge based, agency cost, and institutional theories are revisited in the thesis.Outsourcing can lead to advantages in form of lower costs, access to knowledge or other resources, as well as access to markets, but it can also result in a knowledge drain, lower motivation among in-house staff, or an increased level of dependency on external organizations. Therefore the decision to outsource is not always a good one, and the pros and cons must be carefully evaluated. The result of the thesis is a decision framework that maps factors affecting the decisions that need to be made when outsourcing NPD. The implications can be of value to the outsourcing firm as well as to the potential outsourcing partner. The framework has been presented to the firms in the studies and thus has already proved its value to some extent.The framework will also be used for the design of the studies that will hopefully take me towards my PhD degree, including a new survey study as well as a case study focusing on knowledge integration.
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| 8. |
- Sjöberg Bilstrup, Katrin
(författare)
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Predictable and Scalable Medium Access Control for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- This licentiate thesis work investigates two medium access control (MAC) methods, when used in traffic safety applications over vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). The MAC methods are carrier sense multiple access (CSMA), as specified by the leading standard for VANETs IEEE 802.11p, and self-organizing time-division multiple access (STDMA) as used by the leading standard for transponders on ships. All vehicles in traffic safety applications periodically broadcast cooperative awareness messages (CAMs). The CAM based data traffic implies requirements on a predictable, fair and scalable medium access mechanism. The investigated performance measures are channel access delay, number of consecutive packet drops and the distance between concurrently transmitting nodes. Performance is evaluated by computer simulations of a highway scenario in which all vehicles broadcast CAMs with different update rates and packet lengths. The obtained results show that nodes in a CSMA system can experience unbounded channel access delays and further that there is a significant difference between the best case and worst case channel access delay that a node could experience. In addition, with CSMA there is a very high probability that several concurrently transmitting nodes are located close to each other. This occurs when nodes start their listening periods at the same time or when nodes choose the same backoff value, which results in nodes starting to transmit at the same time instant. The CSMA algorithm is therefore both unpredictable and unfair besides the fact that it scales badly for broadcasted CAMs. STDMA, on the other hand, will always grant channel access for all packets before a predetermined time, regardless of the number of competing nodes. Therefore, the STDMA algorithm is predictable and fair. STDMA, using parameter settings that have been adapted to the vehicular environment, is shown to outperform CSMA when considering the performance measure distance between concurrently transmitting nodes. In CSMA the distance between concurrent transmissions is random, whereas STDMA uses the side information from the CAMs to properly schedule concurrent transmissions in space. The price paid for the superior performance of STDMA is the required network synchronization through a global navigation satellite system, e.g., GPS. That aside since STDMA was shown to be scalable, predictable and fair; it is an excellent candidate for use in VANETs when complex communication requirements from traffic safety applications should be met.
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| 9. |
- Stoklosa, Arkadiusz
(författare)
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Human rights in Turkey
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- This thesis is about Turkish accession to the European Union and criteria to be fulfilled in order to become a member state. At Helsinki summit there were defined four main areas, that are the main obstacles of Turkish membership in the structures of EU – military influence in domestic politics, economy disproportions, the issues of minorities living in Turkey and problems with obeying human rights and fundamental freedoms. In addition the attitude among European countries and Turkish political elites has changed dramatically since 1999. There is a great discussion, whose main purpose is, to show if Turkey should or shouldn’t become a part of united Europe. With the help of created conceptual framework, which is empirically based on qualitative methods and with theoretical approach in form of analysis considering human rights, I have developed a set of three hypotheses, that are based on primary and secondary sources like EU, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International reports considering changes of Turkish attitude to the question of human rights. In the process of testing validity or invalidity of those hypotheses, I have tried to conclude, why the implication of reforms considering human is the main obstacle of Turkish membership in the EU.
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| 10. |
- Svetoft, Ingrid
(författare)
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Brukarnas krav i byggprocessen
- 2005
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- In 1996, the artillery regiment, A4, in Östersund was disbanded. Their former premisesunderwent remodelling to serve as the new campus for the Mid Sweden University. Theexpress intention was that the new occupiers would be allowed to take part in theplanning process. During 1997 the company Vasallen became the owner of the premises,by direction of the Ministry of Finance. Vasallen was charged with the management offormer military premises and increasing their value with the aim of selling the property.Thanks to their well-defined mission and good financial resources, Vasallen became a newactor on the property market. In the same year, a number of architectural firms wereinvited to take part in a competition. At the beginning of 1998, SWECO FFNS waschosen as the winner, and the planning process started immediately. The new campus wasinaugurated on September 6, 2002 with the Swedish Prime Minister, Göran Persson, inattendance. The aim of this study was to monitor how well the demands of the new occupiersregarding quality and environment were met, and how these demands were managedduring the construction process. My ambition was to study the process as a case study inorder to better understand and reflect on what actually happens in the communicationbetween partners. The material on which the study is based was gathered by participationin planning meetings and by following the construction process. The Campus Östersundproject was unique in many ways. In the first place, the existing buildings form a soundbasis as they were intentionally designed with the needs and well-being of the individualin mind. Many qualities were thus already incorporated into the buildings on the site.The strict regulations imposed by the fact that these were classed as historical buildings setcertain limitations, while at the same time posing a challenge to be overcome. The starkcontrast between a military regiment and the activities of a modern university placed highdemands on those involved in the project. The user’s wishes and demands, workingenvironment factors, structural issues and demands on comfort always have a tendency totake second place after financial factors. In this case, however, the owner’s and user’s jointambition led to the reconsideration of priorities concerning, for example, the workingenvironment. Finally, the project was unique as a fully comprehensive view of the processand final product was adopted by the two main partners. This includes, for example,observing environmental assets throughout the whole project.In 1996, the artillery regiment, A4, in Östersund was disbanded. Their former premisesunderwent remodelling to serve as the new campus for the Mid Sweden University. Theexpress intention was that the new occupiers would be allowed to take part in theplanning process. During 1997 the company Vasallen became the owner of the premises,by direction of the Ministry of Finance. Vasallen was charged with the management offormer military premises and increasing their value with the aim of selling the property.Thanks to their well-defined mission and good financial resources, Vasallen became a newactor on the property market. In the same year, a number of architectural firms wereinvited to take part in a competition. At the beginning of 1998, SWECO FFNS waschosen as the winner, and the planning process started immediately. The new campus wasinaugurated on September 6, 2002 with the Swedish Prime Minister, Göran Persson, inattendance. The aim of this study was to monitor how well the demands of the new occupiersregarding quality and environment were met, and how these demands were managedduring the construction process. My ambition was to study the process as a case study inorder to better understand and reflect on what actually happens in the communicationbetween partners. The material on which the study is based was gathered by participationin planning meetings and by following the construction process. The Campus Östersundproject was unique in many ways. In the first place, the existing buildings form a soundbasis as they were intentionally designed with the needs and well-being of the individualin mind. Many qualities were thus already incorporated into the buildings on the site.The strict regulations imposed by the fact that these were classed as historical buildings setcertain limitations, while at the same time posing a challenge to be overcome. The starkcontrast between a military regiment and the activities of a modern university placed highdemands on those involved in the project. The user’s wishes and demands, workingenvironment factors, structural issues and demands on comfort always have a tendency totake second place after financial factors. In this case, however, the owner’s and user’s jointambition led to the reconsideration of priorities concerning, for example, the workingenvironment. Finally, the project was unique as a fully comprehensive view of the processand final product was adopted by the two main partners. This includes, for example,observing environmental assets throughout the whole project. Brukarmedverkan i byggprocessen –en fallstudie12Building the “right product” is an important argument for including the end user in theproject. By initiating a planning process in which the user’s demands and wishes areconsidered, one not only initiates the actual building process, but also a process in theclient’s organisation. The capacity to participate in such a process within the organisationis, however, not always good. Clarity and respect for the processes initiated were notalways particularly pronounced in this case. Lack of clarity sometimes led to confusion,which in turn led to complications in communication and thus delay in the project. Theinternal process in an organisation should, if possible, progress simultaneously with, andbe firmly established before, meetings with the consultants. Theoretical studies haveconfirmed the importance of utilizing the process of change in internal organisationaldevelopment in order to achieve a positive attitude among employees. Participation of the end user in a large organisation is often based on representatives inworking parties. These representatives should be motivated, be given the time requiredwithin the framework of their job, and have the confidence of their colleagues. Theopportunity to influence decisions is great in the initial stages. The user should haveknowledge concerning the various phases of construction, the financial and legalframework, and the rules and regulations governing the project. Being able to participatein creating one’s own working environment elicits various degrees of commitment andlevels of expectation in the user organisation. Both the occupants and the consultantsshould have the capacity for this kind of development, especially the latter as theyconstitute the “front line”. The user should understand the relation between desires andpossible financial effects. The price tag for alternative demands/wishes and the effectsthese will have on the final rent should be clearly visible. It is an advantage if this is madeclear very early on in the project. The dialogue between the parties should thus besupplemented by the architect explaining to the new occupiers where limitations andopportunities lie in the project. The parties involved must have a certain degree ofpedagogical competence in order to explain and manage the project to everyone’ssatisfaction. A good environment is seldom described in terms of formulated conceptsoutside the architectural community. Projects in which the end user is involved thusprovide a unique opportunity to start building up a bank of knowledge includingexpressions used by non-experts to describe concepts of space. Difficulties are encounteredwhen all these views are to be accepted and implemented in the building process throughdescriptions and drawings. Words are replaced by numbers, and more and more actors areinvolved, for example, engineering consultants. We simply do not have all the necessarytools with which to express wishes concerning the physical environment. We can,however, bridge the communication gap between users and consultants by usingcomputer-aided information systems. The ideas expressed by the user can be transformedinto three-dimensional video sequences, and thus be confirmed as being, “just what wemeant”. It was apparent quite early on in this research that the technical terms available were notadequate to describe the events of this case. The end user’s feeling of not being able tokeep up with the consultants’ technical concepts may lead them to feel that they are at adisadvantage, which certainly will not benefit the process. Here, the role of the architect asa pedagogue is important in leading the various participants into the planning process.One of the actors should perhaps have some kind of skills in behavioural science andBrukarmedverkan i byggprocessen –en fallstudieeducation. Perhaps changes should be made in the training of architects and otherconsultants. Respect for the common process is perhaps the most important factor for its success,together with clarity and openness. These are terms not traditionally used in constructionprojects. The interpretation of the customer’s wishes, explaining the opportunities andlimitations of the building, and planning for future expansion are the responsibility of thearchitect. Does a single actor have a reasonable chance of coping with this in a large-scaleproject? All the participants should gain broad insight into each other’s jobs and rolesearly on in the project. Respect for the responsibilities and roles of others can be built upby concentrated efforts to exchange knowledge through dialogue early in the process. Theincentive for participating varies from one actor to another. Theoretical studies, forexample, give clear advice that each actor’s interests in the project be clarified. Trust is oneof the most important mainstays in establishing good communication. Feelings ofsuspicion and unreliability can be disastrous in this kind of project. The development oflegal issues and forms concerning contractors and their work is also desirable in order toaid the process. When the owner sees the opportunity to take an active part in the management of thepremises, this leads to a continuous dialogue and process during and after the planningand construction phases. These studies have given me a greater respect for processesinvolving the end user, from planning to management. One of my most importantpersonal reflections, and a partly new realisation, is that the involvement of the user inthe process has such a large influence on the building project. Communication andcontinuous information are essential in projects in which the user is involved.Communication can also be made easier if the parties regard each other as fellow partnersand not opposing partners. The period spent in education and training is the mostimportant in laying the foundation for these attitudes among professionals. A great deal ofresponsibility thus lies with teachers to ensure that end users have increased opportunityto participate in and influence the building process. There is no short cut to customer-focused working methods.
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