| 1. |
- Åkerholm, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a Dependable Component Technology for Embedded System Applications
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems, WORDS. - 0769523471 ; , s. 320-328
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Component-based software engineering is a technique that has proven effective to increase reusability and efficiency in development of office and webapplications. Though being promising also for development of embedded and dependable systems, the true potential in this domain has not yet been realized. In this paper we present a prototype component technology, developed with safety-critical automotive applications in mind. Thetechnology is illustrated by a case-study, which is also used as the basis for an evaluation and a discussion of the appropriateness and applicability in the considered domain. Our study provides initial positive evidence of the suitability of our technology, but also shows that it needs to be extended to be fully applicable in an industrial context.
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| 2. |
- Möller, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Component Technologies with Respect to Industrial Requirements
- 2004
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Ingår i: Conference Proceedings of the EUROMICRO. - 0769521991 ; , s. 56-63
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We compare existing component technologies for embedded systems with respect to industrial requirements. The requirements are collected from the vehicular industry, but our findings are applicable to similar industries developing resource constrained safety critical embedded distributed real-time computer systems. One of our conclusions is that none of the studied technologies is a perfect match for the industrial requirements. Furthermore, no single technology stands out as being a significantly better choice than the others; each technology has its own pros and cons. The results of our evaluation can be used to guide modifications or extensions to existing technologies, making them better suited for industrial deployment. Companies that want to make use of component-based software engineering as available today can use this evaluation to select a suitable technology.
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| 3. |
- Möller, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Industrial Requirements on Component Technologies for Vehicular Control Systems
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Software component technologies for automotive applications are desired due to the envisioned benefits in reuse, variant handling, and porting; thus, facilitating both efficient development and increased quality of software products. Component based software development has had success in the PC application domain, but requirements are different in the embedded domain and existing technologies does not match. Hence, software component technologies have not yet been generally accepted by embedded-systems industries.In order to better understand why this is the case, we present two separate case-studies together with an evaluation of the existing component technologies suitable for embedded control systems.The first case-study presents a set of requirements based on industrial needs, which are deemed decisive for introducing a component technology. Furthermore, in the second study, we asked the companies involved to grade these requirements.Then, we use these requirements to compare existing component technologies suitable for embedded systems. One of our conclusions is that none of the studied technologies is a perfect match for the industrial requirements. Furthermore, no single technology stands out as being a significantly better choice than the others; each technology has its own pros and cons.The results can be used to guide modifications and/or extensions to existing component technologies in order to make them better suited for industrial deployment in the automotive domain. The results can also serve to guide other software engineering research by showing the most desired areas within component-based software engineering.
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| 4. |
- Åkerholm, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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A Model for Reuse and Optimization of Embedded Software Components
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces, ITI. - 9789537138097 ; , s. 567-572
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In software engineering for embedded systems generic reusable software components must often be discarded in favor of using resource optimized solutions. In this paper we outline a modelthat enables the utilization of component-based principles even for embedded systems with high optimization demands. The model supports the creation of component variants optimized for different scenarios, through the introduction of an entrance preparation step and an ending verification step into the component design process. These activities are proposed to be supported by tools working on metadata associated with components, where the metadata is possible to automatically retrieve from many development tools. This paper outlines the theoretical model that is the basis for our current realization work.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Åkerholm, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Can you afford not to certify your control system?
- 2009
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Industrial vehicles typically contain heavy moving parts which obviously may harm people if they do not behave as intended, or if they do not properly protect people. At the same time electronic control systems are responsible for more and more of the core functionality in the vehicles, e.g., engine control, braking, and steering; and the functions performed by the vehicles, e.g., buckets, cranes, or drills. Thus, it should be no surprise that legislative and standardization authorities around the world currently increase the pressure on vehicle manufacturers to comply with safety standards for their electronic systems, e.g., the updated EU machinery directive, (EU Directive 2006/42/EC) planned to take legal effect at the end of 2009, the safety standard for earth moving machinery (ISO15998) from 2008, the safety standard for the safety-related parts of machinery (ISO13849) from 2006, the safety standard for programmable electronic control systems in machinery (IEC62061) from 2005, the general standard for safety related electronics (IEC61508) from 2005, and the upcoming safety standard for road vehicles (ISO26262). The whole safety area for electronic control systems may at first seem an insurmountable number of additional requirements to comply with. Nevertheless, there is not really any other choice than to work according to these standards. Even when there are no strict legislative requirements, the market will most certain gradually increase expectations on products to be certified according to the relevant safety standards, and it will be a competitive advantage to do so. Furthermore, among other advantages, following established safety standards may be the lifesaver in case of a lawsuit. And, in the end, it must not be forgotten that these requirements have been formulated in order to protect the safety of machine operators and the public. Thus, although these safety standards will imply extra development activities, one must have the attitude that these are not a burden which can be compromised in order to meet budgets and delivery deadlines.
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| 7. |
- Åkerholm, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing Component Based Software Engineering at an Embedded Systems Sub-Contractor
- 2008
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 34TH EUROMICRO CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED APPLICATIONS. - 9780769532769 ; , s. 59-67
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Attractive benefits with successful implementation of component-based principles include managing complexity, reduction of time-to-market, increased quality, and reusability. Deployment of component-based development is however not simple - it depends on many strategic, technical, and business decisions. In this paper we report experiences from our attempts with finding a correct implementation of component-based principles for the business situation of sub-contractors of embedded systems. Findings related to suitable component models, component technologies, and component management are presented. Overall the results confirm the suitability of component-based principles for the domain, but also show the need (and potential) in further development of CBSE theory and technology for embedded systems.
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| 8. |
- Åkerholm, Mikael, 1978-
(författare)
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Reusability of Software Components in the Vehicular Domain
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Component-based software engineering is concerned with enabling software to be assembled through systematic (re)use of carefully built software elements denoted components. In this thesis we describe how reusability benefits of component-based software engineering can be utilized for organizations acting in the vehicular domain. Attractive benefits with this approach include managing complexity through an architecture divided in components and avoidance of large monolithic structures; reduction of time-to-market since applications ideally can be assembled from pre-existing components; increased quality when applications are built from components already proven in use; and cost amortization through investment payoff by each reuse of a component. Successful deployment of component-based development is however not simple - it depends on many strategic, technical, and business decisions. Furthermore the domain of vehicular systems represents a class of systems where component-based principles have had a limited success, in comparison to the domain of PC applications where the approach has emerged. The major reason to this is a number of important qualities that leaven all through the software life-cycle, e.g., safety, reliability, timing, and resource efficiency. We have developed a prototype component technology tailored for the vehicular domain. The technology is based on a proposed component-model defining how component-based applications should be built and modelled in the context of vehicular systems. Our solution includes analysis tools and mechanisms supporting the process of maintaining important quality attributes in the life-cycle of software components. Furthermore, we have used the technology to develop a typical vehicular application, demonstrated its integration with a component repository for vehicular components, and also studied real cases to evaluate our results in cooperation with industry. The results confirm the suitability of component-based principles for the domain, and also show the potential in further development of component technologies for vehicular systems.
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| 9. |
- Åkerholm, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Seminar report: Functional safety - emerging, changing and integrating standards and applications
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The seminar on Functional Safety, jointly organized by CC Systems, KTH/ICES and MDH/MRTC, was a great success with 39 participants from 14 organizations. The background and motivation for the seminar was the increasing attention placed on functional safety. Machines with embedded electronic systems are performing more and more advanced functions, vehicles are becoming autonomous and robots can work unshielded in the factories. While new functionalities promise enhanced safety and improved performance, they are also associated with new faults, failure modes and risks. Also for this reason, safety engineering has to evolve. This evolution is reflected in changed legislation and new and updated international standards. These updates reflect both an increasing attention from the public, as well as advances in research and industry. The seminar had the purpose to shed light on evolving and emerging laws and safety standards for vehicles and machines including robots. The seminar included presentations on the Machinery directive and its relations to standards, the ISO DIS 26262 Automotive standard, the ISO-15998 (earth moving machinery), the IEC61508 as well as scientific challenges for functional safety. The afternoon concluded with a panel debate: "Are we entering a safety era?".
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| 10. |
- Åkerholm, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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The SaveCCM Language Reference Manual
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This language reference describes the syntax and semantics of SaveCCM, acomponent modeling language for embedded systems designed with vehicle applications and safety concerns in focus. The SaveCCM component model wasdefined within the SAVE project. The SAVE components are influenced mainlyby the Rubus component technology, with a switch concept similar to thatin Koala. The semantics is defined by a transformation into timed automatawith tasks, a formalism that explicitly models timing and real-time task scheduling.The purpose of this document is to describe a semantics of the SAVE component modeling language, which can be used to describe timing and functional behavior of components. The model of a system is in some cases an over approximation of the actual system behavior. An implementation of a model can resolve non-determinism e.g. by merging tasks or assigning a scheduling policy (such as static scheduling or fixed priority, preemptive or not) that will resolvethe non-determinism.
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