| 1. |
- Asp, Margareta, 1958-
(författare)
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Vila och lärande om vila. En studie på livsvärldsfenomenologisk grund
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingsarbetets syfte var att utifrån människors levda erfarenheter av vila, utveckla en tentativ teori om vila och om lärande avseende vila. Den kunskapen har utgjort grund för att beskriva hur förutsättningar för lärande avseende vila kan skapas. En modell för lärande avseede vila har utvecklats, i vilken en ömsesidighet mellan innehåll, lärande och förutsättningar för lärande beaktas. Studien genomfördes med en livsvärldsfenomenologisk ansats och med intervju som datainsamlingsmetod. Analysen genomfördes enligt en beskivande fenomenlogisk metodologi, i syfte att beskriva fenomenets generella struktur En generell struktur av fenomenet vila, implicerar en dualitet mellan vila och icke-vila. Essensen i vila utgörs av en harmoni i vilja, känsla och handling Vilan gestaltas i och med att en inre verklighet avseende behov och längtan överensstämmer med den yttre verklighetens beskaffenhet. Till vilans essens relateras innebördselementen: vilorytm i livet, stämningar av skönhet och trevnad, bejakad utan bedömning, frihet från bekymmer och tvång, samvaro med gemensamt intresse, att dröja, lustfylld stimulans och lustfylld utmaning. Essensen i icke- vila är disharmoni i vilja, känsla och handling. Upplevelsen av disharmoni tär på krafterna och blir allt påtagligare ju längre icke-vilan pågår. Att lära sig vila innebär att bli medveten om sitt behov av att ha en livsrytm som ger utrymme för vila, att tillåta sig att leva i en sådan rytm och att finna eller skapa källor där kraft kan hämtas. Modellen för lärande avseende vila består av tre dimensioner: lärande om vila, lärande i vila och lärande genom vila. Lärande om vila kan relateras till idëer om livsvärld, levd kropp, tid och rum, cirkularitet och intentionalitet. Lärande genom vila kan relateras till hälsa och lärande i vila kan relateras till etiska och estetiska aspekter.
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| 2. |
- Bäck, Hanna
(författare)
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Explaining Coalitions : Evidence and Lessons From Studying Coalition Formation in Swedish Local Government
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to better understand coalition formation. To date, a vast number of theories have been presented with the goal to explain coalition outcomes. For example, early coalition theories assumed that parties were motivated solely by the goal of attaining the power and prestige that come with being in office, and predicted that minimal winning coalitions would form. Later coalition theories are instead often based on the assumption that parties are interested in implementing a policy program.Three problems with much of the existing coalition research are identified and solved in this study. First, many coalition theories have only been evaluated on the data set of Western European national governments despite the fact that these theories often emerged from consideration of this same data set, which implies that these theories have not been subjected to proper evaluations. In this study, a new data set consisting of a large number of formation opportunities in Swedish local government is used to evaluate coalition theories. Second, few empirical investigations have focused on comparing alternative coalition explanations using careful controls. In this study several different statistical techniques are used to evaluate the relative importance of a number of important coalition variables. Third, coalition researchers have not focused on giving adequate causal explanations to coalition formation in terms of measuring both the causal effects and the causal mechanisms underlying these effects. In this thesis, a large-n statistical study is combined with in-depth case studies, which makes it possible to measure and isolate effects, and to investigate the mechanisms that explain these effects.The analyses performed here indicate that when explaining coalition formation we should take into account that parties are neither pure office-seekers nor pure policy-seekers. Instead, parties are driven by multiple goals. The results also indicate that we should consider that parties are concerned with the effects that coalitional choices may have on future election results. The results found here show that parties should not be treated as unitary actors, and that some parties may be less likely to be in government due to the fact that they use highly democratic decision-making procedures, or because they are highly factionalized. Another conclusion drawn here is that when explaining coalitions, we should consider that the history of interaction between parties matters and that parties are concerned with minimizing the transaction costs with forming a coalition. Many other theories are either backed up or discredited by the evidence.
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| 3. |
- Cronstrand, Peter, 1969-
(författare)
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Quantum chemical calculations of non-linear optical absorption
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis represents a quantum chemical treatise ofvarious types of interactions between radiation and molecularsystems, with special emphasis on the nonlinear opticalprocesses of Multi-Photon Absorption and Excited StateAbsorption. Excitation energies, transition dipole moments,two-photon and three-photon tensor elements have beencalculated from different approaches; density functional theoryandab-initiotheory, employing different orders ofcorrelation treatment with the purpose to provide accuratevalues as well as evaluate the quality of the lower ordermethods. A combined study of the Multi-Photon Absorption andExcited State Absorption processes is motivated partly becausethey both contribute to the total optical response of a systemsubjected to intense radiation, but also because of theirconnection through so-called sum-over-states expressions. Thelatter feature is exploited in a generalized few-states model,which incorporates the polarization of the light and thedirections of the transition dipole moments constructing anexcitation channel, which thereby enables a more comprehensivecomparison of the attained transition dipole moments withexperimental data. Moreover, by decomposing a complex nonlinearresponse process such as Two-Photon Absorption into moreintuitive quantities, generalized few-states models may alsoenable a more elaborate interpretation of computed orexperimental results from which guidelines can be extracted inorder to control or optimize the property of interest. Ageneral conclusion originating from these models is that thetransition dipole moments in an excitation channel should bealigned in order to maximize the Two-Photon Absorptionprobability. The computational framework employed is responsetheory which through the response functions (linear, quadratic,cubic) offers alternative routes for evaluating the propertiesin focus; either directly and untruncated through the singleresidue of the quadratic or cubic response func- tions orthrough various schemes of truncated sum-over-statesexpressions where the key ingredients, transition dipolemoments, can be identified from the single residue of thelinear response function and double residue of the quadraticresponse function. The range of systems treated in the thesisstretches from diatomics, such as carbon monoxide and lithiumhydride, via small to large fundamental organic molecules, suchas formaldehyde, tetrazine and the trans-polyenes, to largechro- mophores, such astrans-stilbene, cumulenes, dithienothiophene,paracyclophane and organo-metallic systems, such as theplatinum(II)ethynyl compounds.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Maria, 1969-
(författare)
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I skuggan av Pappa : familjerätten och hanteringen av fäders våld
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aims of this thesis are to shed light on the handling of fathers’ violence in the context of separation and divorce in Sweden today; and to analytically and empirically relate age, gender and kinship to each other. The aims are fulfilled by three interlinked studies of what constructions and the constructing of age, gender and kinship mean for the handling of fathers’ violence against mothers/co-parents and children: in social policy; by separated mothers; and finally by family law secretaries. Each study builds upon a separate set of qualitative material: public documents from three policy areas; thematically structured interviews with abused, separated mothers and family law secretaries. The empirical results make visible some unintended consequences of current attempts in Sweden to create gender equality, shared parenting, a “new father” and to promote children’s interests. Study one demonstrates that when the politics and policy regarding parenthood, separation and divorce are taken as the point of departure, the contemporary age-, gender-, and kinship-order stands out as patriarchal: as marked by father-power based upon ties of blood to not yet adult children. Furthermore, violent fathers neither exist as a concept nor as a policy problem. The interviewed mothers narrate how they have tried to deal with the co-parent’s/ex-partners’ behaviour as violence but have encountered hindrances; the interviewed family law secretaries’ handling fathers’ violence stands out as more of a non-handling, especially in the case of violence against children. When the everyday constructions and constructing of age, gender and kinship discussed in study two and three are taken together, the contours of the patriarchal order seen through the lens of policy are also made visible: fathers’ space for action is vast; children’ and mothers’ more limited. The analysis shows how political and professional handling of fathers’ violence through a non-handling is made possible by well-established notions of heterosexual relationships, fatherhood, motherhood, age- and kinship-relations, as well as family law secretary-professionalism. However, the two studies based upon interviews demonstrate not just how the everyday constructions and constructing mentioned above can be used to reproduce father-power, but also how this power can be challenged.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ermedahl, Andreas
(författare)
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A Modular Tool Architecture for Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Estimations of the Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) are required in providing guarantees for timing of programs used in computer controlled products and other real-time computer systems. To derive program WCET estimates, both the properties of the software and the hardware must be considered. The traditional method to obtain WCET estimates is to test the system and measure the execution time. This is labour-intensive and error-prone work, which unfortunately cannot guarantee that the worst case is actually found. Static WCET analyses, on the other hand, are capable of generating safe WCET estimates without actually running the program. Such analyses use models of program flow and hardware timing to generate WCET estimates. This thesis includes several contributions to the state-of-the-art in static WCET analysis: (1) A tool architecture for static WCET analysis, which divides the WCET analysis into several steps, each with well-defined interfaces. This allows independent replacement of the modules implementing the different steps, which makes it easy to customize a WCET tool for particular target hardware and analysis needs. (2) A representation for the possible executions of a program. Compared to previous approaches, our representation extends the type of program flow information possible to express and handle in WCET analysis. (3) A calculation method which explicitly extracts a longest program execution path. The method is more efficient than previously presented path-based methods, with a computational complexity close to linear in the size of the program. (4) A calculation method using integer linear programming or constraint programming techniques for calculating the WCET estimate. The method extends the power of such calculation methods to handle new types of flow and timing information. (5) A calculation method that first uses flow information to divide the program into smaller parts, then calculates individual WCET estimates for these parts, and finally combines these into an overall program WCET. This novel approach avoids potential complexity problems, while still providing high precision WCET estimates. We have additionally implemented a prototype WCET analysis tool based on the proposed architecture. This tool is used for extensive evaluation of the precision and performance of our proposed methods. The results indicate that it is possible to perform WCET analysis in a modular fashion, and that this analysis produces high quality WCET estimates.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Gustafsson, Jan
(författare)
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Analyzing execution-time of object-oriented programs using abstract interpretation
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As a result of the industrial deployment of real-time systems, there is an increasing demandfor methods to perform safe and tight calculation of the worst case execution time (WCET) ofprograms. The WCET is a necessary prerequisite for guaranteeing correct timing behaviour ofreal-time systems. WCET calculation means to find the path, often among a huge number ofpaths, that takes the longest time to execute. The calculation is based on path information for theprogram, such as the maximum number of iterations in loops and identification of paths that arenever executed. In most existing WCET analysis methods, this information is given as manual annotations by the programmer. In this thesis we present a method which automatically calculates path information for object-oriented real-time programs by static analysis. Thus, the method can be used in automating the WCET analysis, thereby relieving the programmer from the tedious and error-prone manualannotation work. The method, which is based on abstract interpretation, generates safe but not necessarily exactpath information. A trade-off between quality and calculation cost has to be made, since findingthe exact information is a complex, often intractable problem for non-trivial programs. We show how the general abstract interpretation theory can be used, in a structured way, toapproximate the semantics of an imperative or object-oriented programming language. We have chosen to analyze RealTimeTalk (RTT), an object-oriented language based on Smalltalk,and have developed a prototype tool which implements our analysis for a subset of the language,We show that the tool is capable of analyzing programs with a complexity which would makemanual annotation of the program all but trivial.
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