| 1. |
- Dey, Tushar, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Antibiotic Residues and Antimicrobial Resistant bacteria in the Poultry Value Chain of Two Indian States
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The poultry industry's rapid expansion has made it a significant global meat source, especially in India, which ranks as the eighth largest broiler meat producer. However, severe concerns have arisen over the increasing antibiotic resistance in low and middle-income countries, including India. This study systematically investigated the prevalence of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains, along with their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles, in poultry samples from Assam and Karnataka states in India. We found high prevalence of NTS (26%) and E. coli (53%) in various poultry samples, with substantial regional variations. Assam and Karnataka contribute differently to the overall NTS prevalence, with Karnataka bearing the highest burden (39% versus 14%). The presence of NTS and E. coli in treated water intended for watering poultry raises concerns about the effectiveness of water disinfection methods. Serovar analysis highlights the dominance of Typhimurium, Kentucky, Infantis and other serovars, some exhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR), including resistance to fluoroquinolones. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, including carbapenem-resistant E. coli, presents a potential decline in treatment options. The study highlights the presence of MDR among NTS and stresses the importance of monitoring resistance profiles to devise effective antimicrobial strategies. The study underscores the necessity of collaborative efforts to combat AMR and ensure food safety, health, and wellbeing on a global scale.
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| 2. |
- Ahlgren, Kerstin, M., et al.
(författare)
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Type I Interferon signature in Nova Scotia duck tolling retriever dogs with steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: Dogs of the breed Nova Scotia duck tolling retriever (NSDTR) are prone to develop a disease complex in some aspects resembling human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human SLE patients have an increased mRNA expression type I interferon (IFN) regulated genes. However, it is unknown whether diseased dogs also display the typical type I IFN signature. Methods: To test canine sera for their capacity to induce type I IFN response Mardin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were cultured with sera from healthy dogs (n=25), immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD) dogs with anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA+) (n=30) or dogs with steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) (n=25). mRNA expression of the genes MX1, IFIT1 and CXCL10 was measured by quantitative Real Time PCR. Results: A highly significant (p=0.0009) increase in mRNA expression of the type I IFN responsive gene MX1 was detected in cells stimulated by sera from dogs with SRMA, but not from IMRD ANA+ dogs. Expression of IFIT1 was twice as high in cells stimulated by sera from dogs with SRMA compared to both healthy dogs and ANA+ dogs. The mean expression of CXCL10 was nearly ten times higher in cells stimulated by sera from SRMA dogs than by ANA+ dogs and four times higher compared to cells stimulated by control dogs. Conclusion: Presence of type I IFN in sera from diseased NSDTR dogs was found in this study. This implies that this canine model can be used for identification of pathways of importance for autoimmune disorders in humans and for testing of novel therapeutic approaches. Our results can also be a step on the way towards personalized drugs in these dogs.
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| 3. |
- Hasan, Badrul, 1984-
(författare)
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Association between Hospital Waste and the House Crow (Corvus splendens) in the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance and the Epidemic Escherichia coli Clone O25b-ST131 in Bangladesh
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Multiresistant bacteria constitute a serious health risk. In order to investigate the environmental contamination of antibiotic resistance in areas with poor waste management in Bangladesh, fecal samples from 238 house crows living in the surroundings of two major hospitals were screened for members of the Enterobacteriaceae family with extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-production. These were compared with 31 ESBL-producing patient isolates, and the susceptibility of E. coli isolates was tested. Without selective pressure, 65.8% of the E. coli isolates from crows were resistant to one or more of 13 antibiotics, and 39.1% were multiresistant. The highest resistance rates were against tetracycline (52.2%), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (43.5%), nalidixic acid (39.8%) and ampicillin (33.5% ). Fifty-nine percent of the crows were ESBL-carriers, and the isolates harbored CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-79 or CTX-M-14-like genes. Two thirds of these ESBL-producers were multi-drug resistant. The ESBL-producing isolates from patients showed a higher rate of resistance compared with the ESBL-producers from crows. One hundred percent were multi-drug resistant, and most common was resistance to ciprofloxacin (93.3%) and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (60%). The corresponding figures for ESBL-producing crow isolates were 41.3% and 57.3%. The crows and patients shared the epidemic E. coli clone O25b-ST131, which carried CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-14-like enzymes. Dissemination of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was also observed among the crows. In conclusion, the Bangladeshi house crow is the bird with the highest carriage rate of ESBL-producing bacteria observed so far. Their scavenging behavior at poorly managed hospital waste dumps, makes them into both reservoirs and active spreaders of antibiotic resistance into the environment. Nationwide programs are necessary to both improve the management of hospital waste and sewage and the control of the antibiotic usage to prevent further environmental contamination.
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| 4. |
- Mereu, Paolo, et al.
(författare)
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Matrilineal phylogeography of wild and feral sheep from the Mediterranean and the Middle East
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mouflons are flagship species of the Mediterranean islands werethey persist. Once thought to be the remnants of a Europeanpopulation, archaeology suggests they were imported by humansto the islands of Cyprus in the Early Neolithic and laterto Corsica and Sardinia, and their status as wild animals hassince been disputed. To study the relationship between thisisland populations and other domestic and wild sheep fromthe Mediterranean we sequenced mitogenomes of 44 mouflonsfrom the islands, plus modern and ancient Sardinian domesticsheep and Anatolian mouflons. We used those in addition withpublicly available mitogenomes to reconstruct the phylogeny ofsheep and its closest wild relative, the Asiatic mouflon (Ovisgmelini) to describe how the free-ranging populations on theMediterranean islands fit. Our analysis highlights the structureof haplogroup B, where Sardinian mouflons form two geographicallyseparate clusters with gene flow between them and withdomestic sheep, and the isolation of the Corsican population,which appears as a basal lineage to all other sheep from thishaplogroup. While Corsican and Sardinian mouflon belong tobasal lineages of the domestic haplogroups associated with theearly European expansion, Cyprus mouflons are more relatedto Anatolian and Iranian mouflons belonging to the wild haplogroupX, which seems to be basal to the domestic C-E complex.These results highlight the unique genetic structure of thisisland populations while placing them in the wider context ofthe evolution of the Ovis genus.
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| 5. |
- Morell Miranda, Pedro, et al.
(författare)
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Ancient genomes reveal 7000 years of interconnected Demographic History between Sheep and Humans in Iberia.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As the first domestic livestock species, sheep has had a fundamentalrole in human populations since the Neolithic. Theirdemographic history is, however, poorly understood. We successfullysequenced 13 ancient sheep from 2 sites in NorthernIberia to up to 8.74× and 1 modern Corsican mouflon to describethis demographic history at the Western extreme of theMediterranean. Our results support an initial maritime expansioninto Iberia and that European mouflons descended fromferalized Neolithic sheep. We also describe a secondary expansionof Eastern ancestry in sheep at the same time when humanSteppe ancestry arrived to Iberia, and when we expect woollysheep to expand through Europe. Lastly, we found a third expansionin the Mediterranean area during the Roman period,when some historical sources mentioned fine-wool sheep beingtraded. We see evidence that this expansion had a significanteffect in shaping the modern European sheep gene pool leadingto modern breeds like the popular Merino. These resultsillustrate the dynamic history of Iberian sheep populations, andhow human cultural and demographic changes left their footprintsin the sheep gene pool, marking them as a useful proxyfor describing complex human demographic events.
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| 6. |
- Blicharska, Malgorzata, et al.
(författare)
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Old Trees: Cultural Value
- 2013
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 339, s. 904-
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Blicharska, Malgorzata, et al.
(författare)
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Think bigger for conservation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 470, s. 39-39
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Faxén Irving, Karlström Brita, Landin I-L, Rothenberg E, Överby E.
(författare)
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Mat och kostråd inom äldrevården.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Uppsala: Statens Livsmedelsverk Manuskript.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
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