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Advanced Bioelectronic Materials
- 2015
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book covers the recent advances in the development of bioelectronics systems and their potential application in future biomedical applications starting from system design to signal processing for physiological monitoring, to in situ biosensing.Advanced Bioelectronics Materialshas contributions from distinguished international scholars whose backgrounds mirror the multidisciplinary readership ranging from the biomedical sciences, biosensors and engineering communities with diverse backgrounds, interests and proficiency in academia and industry. The readers will benefit from the widespread coverage of the current literature, state-of-the-art overview of all facets of advanced bioelectronics materials ranging from real time monitoring, in situ diagnostics, in vivo imaging, image-guided therapeutics, biosensors, and translational biomedical devices and personalized monitoring.
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Biosensors Nanotechnology
- 2014
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A new emerging field that combines nanoscale materials and biosensor technology is receiving increased attention. Nanostructures have been used to achieve direct wiring of biosensing elements to electrode surfaces, to promote bio-reactions, to impose nanobarcodes on biomaterials, and to amplify the signal from bio-recognition events. Nanomaterials based biosensors have found wide spread applications in the environmental and medical applications for their sensitivity, specificity, rapidity, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness. In the same pursuit, Biosensors Nanotechnology provides detailed review chapters on a range of nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, nanoribbons, nanorods, nanobelts and nanosheets in the construction of biosensors with set applications of biosensors nanotechnology for biological and chemical analyses, food safety industry, biomedical diagnostics, clinical detection, and environmental monitoring.
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- Fragkou, Vasiliki, et al.
(författare)
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Commercial Biosensors for Diabetes
- 2008
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Ingår i: <em>Handbook of Optical Sensing of Glucose in Biological Fluids and Tissues</em>. - : CRC Press. - 9781584889748 - 9781584889755 ; , s. 41-64
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although noninvasive, continuous monitoring of glucose concentration in blood and tissues is one of the most challenging areas in medicine, a wide range of optical techniques has recently been designed to help develop robust noninvasive methods for glucose sensing. For the first time in book form, the Handbook of Optical Sensing of Glucose in Biological Fluids and Tissues analyzes trends in noninvasive optical glucose sensing and discusses its impact on tissue optical properties.This handbook presents methods that improve the accuracy in glucose prediction based on infrared absorption spectroscopy, recent studies on the influence of acute hyperglycemia on cerebral blood flow, and the correlation between diabetes and the thermo-optical response of human skin. It examines skin glucose monitoring by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), fluorescence-based glucose biosensors, and a photonic crystal contact lens sensor. The contributors also explore problems of polarimetric glucose sensing in transparent and turbid tissues as well as offer a high-resolution optical technique for noninvasive, continuous, and accurate blood glucose monitoring and glucose diffusion measurement.Written by world-renowned experts in biomedical optics and biophotonics, this book gives a complete, state-of-the-art treatise on the design and applications of noninvasive optical methods and instruments for glucose sensing.
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- Golabi, Mohsen, 1979-
(författare)
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Functionalised surfaces for bacterial discrimination
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bacterial detection and identification is a critical step in many arenas, including food and water safety, clinical diagnostics, bioprocess control and biosecurity. Social hygiene has a direct correlation with the strict control of microorganisms in these fields. The worldwide cases of bacterial infectious disease is assessed to be 1-2 billion annually, and these have a massive negative effect on the global economy. Although many precise techniques are currently available, a huge mortality and morbidity related to bacterial infection disease continues to be reported annually due to misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis. Increasing efficiency and reliability of pathogen detection methods will potentially improve social health and protect society against pathogenic diseases.The development of culture media for selective isolation and differentiation of bacteria started in the late 19th century. Immunological assays and then genotyping techniques were developed in 20th century, in addition to many less commonly used techniques for bacterial detection. Each of the currently used methods has its advantages and weaknesses in terms of speed, cost and accuracy. Much effort has recently been devoted to developing biosensors for bacterial detection for simpler and more rapid use.This thesis is focused on functionalised surfaces for the development of biosensors for bacterial discrimination and detection, and is divided in three subsections. First, we explored a new approach for bacterial discrimination based on pattern recognition. Traditional culturing methods discriminate bacteria based on their metabolic activity pattern. Taking inspiration from the extensive body of work that reports the use of electronic-noses to differentiate bacteria based on the volatiles patterns they produce, we explored the possibility of bacteria differentiation based on adhesion patterns. By altering the electropolymerisation conditions, the physicalchemical surface properties of polypyrrole (PPy) can be tuned to fabricate a range of dissimilar surfaces. The adhesion of different bacteria on a series of polymers was measured. Data analysis of the adhesion patterns proved that bacteria can be discriminated by examining their adhesion to dissimilar surfaces. Next, we developed a new functionalisation of PPy by doping PPy with 4-N-Pentylphenylboronic Acid and investigated the modulation of bacteria binding to those surfaces. In this second section, a new electropolymerisation technique for whole-cell imprinting was developed based on different functional monomers. 3-Aminophenyl boronic acid was shown to be a good monomer to produce whole-cell imprinted polymers (CIP) with high affinity for bacterial cells with improved releasing ability. Finally, in the third section aptamers, which are promising synthetic recognition elements, were explored for bacterial detection testing. A specific aptamer was used to fabricate of a prototype of label-free aptasensor for bacterial detection. Also, the SELEX process was used to produce a pool of aptamers, or “polyclonal” aptamers, which targeted a group of bacteria species. Using polyclonal aptamers as a recognition element enables biosensors to enhance their resolution to detect broader types of bacterial species using a single serological-like test.
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- Golabi, Mohsen, et al.
(författare)
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Polymer Arrays as a Novel Bio-sensing Method for Bacterial Detection
- 2014
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Ingår i: 24<sup>th </sup>Anniversary World Congress on Biosensors – Biosensors 2014. - : Elsevier.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A novel and cost-effective recognition method for rapid bacterial detection is reported. Rapid bacterial detection is a challenge for the food and pharmaceutical industries as well as in clinical diagnostics. There is a great necessity for replacement of conventional detection methods by new rapid alternatives. Identifying microorganisms based on their specific adhesive properties to different surfaces could lead to a fast diagnostic and novel bacterial detection tool. An array of conducting polymers, which have diverse physicochemical properties like hydrophobicity, thickness and roughness, have been designed and developed for use as the recognition element in a bacterial biosensor that can distinguish bacterial strains. Electrochemically synthesised polypyrrole was doped with different counter ions in order to fabricate bacterial recognition elements. Mid-exponential phase bacterial cells were exposed to the polymers for a fixed time and the adhering cells were stained by ethidium bromide and counted using a fluorescent microscope. The results show both that the number of adhesive bacterial cells of E. coli on each polymer surface is different and that this adhesive pattern is unique for the bacterial strains tested: A. faecalis and D. proteolyticus, show different adhesive patterns in similar experiments. The results showed that with only a few different polymers, it was possible to reliably discriminate an E. coli strain from three other bacterial strains. This forms the basis for an array-type device comprising a variety of dissimilar polymers to differentiate a broad range of bacterial strains. We expect the array, in combination with an appropriate transducer and pattern-recognition software, to provide a convenient and inexpensive biosensing device able to rapidly and specifically detect bacterial strains and also to have potential applications in whole-cell biosensors.
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