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- Antretter, Torben, et al.
(författare)
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Do Algorithms Make Better - and Fairer - Investments Than Angel Investors?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Harvard Business Review. - : Harvard Business Publishing. - 0017-8012.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Can an algorithm outperform the average angel investor? And if it can, does that also mean it will make less biased investments? Researchers put these questions to the test: They built an investing algorithm and put it head to head with 255 angel investors in a simulation, asking it to select the most promising investment opportunities among 623 deals from one of the largest European angel networks. The results? The algorithm significantly outperformed the average novice investor and even experienced investors who fell prey to cognitive biases, but was bested by the top tier of experienced investors, who could control for their own biases. While the algorithm may have made less biased choices when it came to the race and gender of the founders it picked, it also reflected systemic inequalities, and illustrated the limits of how algorithmic investing can be used to address deep social inequalities. Even so, the experiment offers a vision for how — and when — investors might deploy similar algorithmic aids in their investing, and how it might lead to better and fairer decisions.
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- Arbuthnott, Andrew, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurial initiatives as threats : how seasoned industry actors hinder regional restructuring
- 2009
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Ingår i: 54th International Council for Small Business World Conference. - Seoul, Korea : ICSB.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this paper was to further understanding of regional restructuring and revitalisation by illustrating how opportunities for regional renewal may be reduced by rigid threat responses by a region’s established actors within declining industries. In an inductive case study of new biorefinery industry initiatives in a region where traditional forestry industries were in decline, we outline how new industry players that created new ways of using existing resources sparked rigid threat responses among established actors. When seasoned industry actors framed new industry initiatives as threats, they responded by (a) reducing new industry actors’ possibilities for new business development, (b) engaging in entrenched resistance, (c) creating collaborative illusions, and (d) undermining the fundamentals of the new industry. Our study contributes to literature by applying the threat-rigidity thesis on a regional level and by illustrating that conflicting behaviours between new and established industry actors can make restructuring and revitalisation problematic.
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- Arbuthnott, Andrew
(författare)
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Understanding regional renewal and industry cluster emergence processes within the Swedish periphery
- 2010
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are many insightful writings revealing that regions within industrialised nations are able to renew their local business environments through building and supporting industry clusters. Such knowledge stems from research based on how to maintain and develop successful industry clusters located within central regions. Although such knowledge is valuable for both researchers and practitioners, little is known about the processes involved when new industry clusters are emerging; and especially when they are emerging in peripheral regions. To that background, the purpose of this licentiate thesis is to develop further understanding of regional renewal and industry cluster emergence within peripheral regions. The thesis is based on a series of covering chapters and three research papers. Each of the three research papers contributes to the aim of this study and the research questions that are brought forward within the covering chapters. With aims of developing theory and providing empirical illustration of regional renewal and industry cluster emergence the research questions used to guide this particular research are: How does a new industry cluster emerge within a peripheral region and what are the main processes involved? What role does the interaction between new regional industry and established regional industry play in facilitating industry cluster emergence? What core co-operative and competitive forces drive such emergence efforts? Relevant empirical material brought forward to help answer these questions is based stems from within the peripheral Swedish county of Västernorrland and specifically centres on the emergence of a new biorefinery industry cluster in the Örnsköldsvik region. A conceptual framework outlining structural-organisational, socio-institutional and cognitive perspectives of regional renewal is employed to help govern the study and aid discussion of the three individual research papers appended. Overall, and in a very condensed format, the papers related to this licentiate thesis reveal that industry cluster emergence within a peripheral region can be supported by bottom-up efforts that encapsulate social movement framing activities, dialectical interplays as well as regional competitive and co-operative forces. In particular, interactions between new regional industry and established industry entities can play a key role in the process; mainly through established actors responding to local resource and legitimacy threats that have potential to reduce the region’s opportunities for renewal. Moreover, new industry actors’ mobilisations provide an ‘anti-thesis’ to local traditional industry that restrain but also trigger development. This is found to be crucial to overcome traditional regional actors’ contestation to new industry entities. As such it seems a set of core processes that interact and shape regional industry cluster emergence can be categorised and described as framing processes, movement mobilisation processes, inter-industry relational processes and dialectical processes. Furthermore prominent regional competitive and competitive forces driving industry cluster emergence are revealed to be intra and inter-regional. Those forces can have strong implications for regional renewal in the periphery. As this research focuses upon how a new regional industry cluster can emerge within a peripheral region dominated by declining traditional industries, that is able, but not without difficulties, to aid regional renewal the thesis contributes to further theoretical and practical understanding of regional renewal and industry cluster emergence theories. Thus, offering relevant implications for future researchers, regional policy makers and industry cluster developers interested in peripheral regional development issues.
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- Bengtsson, Maria, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Coopetition : new ideas for a new paradigm
- 2010
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Ingår i: Coopetition Strategy. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing, Incorporated. - 9781848443211 - 9781849807241 ; , s. 19-39
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Bergh, Pontus, 1976-
(författare)
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Learning among entrepreneurs in formal networks : Outcomes, processes and beyond
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation focuses on how entrepreneurs learn to acquire entrepreneurial knowledge and competence, which ultimately can open doors to business success. Contemporary critics suggest that programs designed to develop general competence are not sufficiently relevant to these entrepreneurs. On the other hand, scholars and practitioners have recently noticed that external relations in formal learning networks can be a notable opportunity for learning in entrepreneurs. The aim of this dissertation is to elaborate on the processes and outcomes of government supported learning networks among entrepreneurs who work in small and medium sized enterprises. It draws on reports of four separate but interrelated research studies that author conducted. The research described in the dissertation is based on multiple theoretical perspectives, methodologies, and data sources. To gain a full understanding of the experiences of the different network participants, as well as the interactive processes within the learning network, data were collected from multiple sources: interviews, participant observation, and videotaping. The conclusions stated in appended paper 1 and 2 are primarily based on the interviews, but they are also supported by the observations and written material. Paper three focuses on the videos in combination with the interviews. Finally, to complement the qualitative research with insights regarding the relationships among trust, learning, and self-efficacy, the last paper reports the results of a quantitative survey study. The dissertation makes several major contributions to knowledge. First and foremost, by combining entrepreneurship theory and learning theory, it describes the outcomes that can emerge from formal learning networks and shows how these outcomes can have entrepreneurial consequences. Second, it suggests how the learning situation can be characterized and describes an appropriate learning environment for entrepreneurs from small and medium sized enterprises. The research also contributes to theory on how trust in formal learning networks is built and how this trust contributes to entrepreneurial learning. At the same time, it shows that the potential benefits derived from trust cannot be realized without incorporating the entrepreneur’s level of self-efficacy in the analysis. The dissertation concludes by offering suggestions for exploiting learning and business opportunities through the construction and utilization of learning networks.
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- Biedenbach, Galina, 1978-
(författare)
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Brand building in the business-to-business context : The brand equity perspective
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of this doctoral dissertation is to investigate factors affecting B2B brand building by applying the brand equity perspective in the professional services context. Three peer-reviewed and published articles and one book chapter examine different aspects related to the enhancement of brand equity and brand building in the B2B context.The first paper entitled “Brand equity in the business-to-business context: Examining the structural composition” (Biedenbach 2012) investigates the structural composition of brand equity and the interrelationships between the dimensions of brand equity in the B2B context. By specifying the multidimensional model, which can be utilized for measuring and managing B2B brand equity, the paper provides initial knowledge on how the companies can build a strong B2B brand across four dimensions of brand equity. The second paper entitled “B2B brand equity: Investigating the impact of contextual factors” (Biedenbach 2010) examines the impact of contextual factors in the organizational decision making process on the formation of B2B brand equity. The book chapter expands knowledge on B2B brand building by portraying how such characteristics of customers as relative size of their company and its industry sector can affect B2B brand building. The third paper entitled “The impact of customer experience on brand equity in a business-to-business services setting” (Biedenbach and Marell 2010) investigates the impact of customer experience on brand equity in the professional services setting. The study clarifies how customer experience can be utilized for building a strong B2B brand. The fourth paper entitled “Brand equity in the professional service context: Analyzing the impact of employee role behavior and customer-employee rapport” (Biedenbach, Bengtsson, and Wincent 2011) examines whether factors related to customers’ perception of employees’ role behavior in terms of customer perceived role ambiguity, role overload, and customer-employee rapport influence the development of brand equity in the professional service context. The paper advances knowledge on B2B brand building by considering the potential role of the company employees and consequences that their behavior can lead to in this process.To conclude, the doctoral dissertation demonstrates that the brand equity perspective can serve as a valuable foundation for theoretically understanding and practically managing B2B brand building.
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