| 1. |
- Beckley, Amber L., 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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The Stockholm life-course project : investigating offending and non-lethal severe violent victimization
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Criminology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2578-983X .- 2578-9821 .- 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 23:1, s. 61-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much is known about the patterning of offending throughout life, but less about the patterning of victimization. In this study, we used data from the Stockholm Life-Course Project (SLCP), a longitudinal study that includes measures of childhood problem behaviour. We analysed offending (criminal conviction and police suspicion), inpatient hospitalization and outpatient care for violent victimization. We replicated the well-established age-crime curve amongst SLCP study members. We found that hospitalization for severe violent victimization was most likely to occur between 20 and 40 years of age. We additionally considered how childhood problem behaviour impacted overall risk and life-course patterning of offending and victimization. Childhood problem behaviour was associated with a greater risk of criminal conviction. But childhood problem behaviour showed inconsistent associations with risk for police suspicion. Childhood problem behaviour was generally associated with greater involvement in crime up to middle adulthood. Childhood problem behaviour was generally associated with a greater risk of victimization. However, we were limited in our ability to estimate the effect of childhood problem behaviour on life-course patterning of victimization due to the rarity of victimization. These results imply a need for larger studies on violent victimization and greater nuance in our understanding of childhood risks and their life-long outcomes.
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| 2. |
- Beckley, Amber, et al.
(författare)
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Maturing Out of Victimization : Extending the Theory of Psychosocial Maturation to Victimization
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology. - : Springer. - 2199-4641 .- 2199-465X. ; 7:4, s. 543-571
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescents are at a relatively high risk of victimization. Within criminology, victimization has been largely attributed to risky behaviors and low self-control. Yet, these factors explain only a modest amount of victimization, suggesting that other theoretical predictors may offer additional insight. One factor that may predict victimization, as well as decreasing victimization risk after adolescence, is psychosocial maturation. Using data from the longitudinal Pathways to Desistance study, this study tested the association between psychosocial maturation and victimization. The analytic sample for this study (1087 individuals; 5681 yearly observations) included participants under 18 years at study recruitment. On average, each participant contributed 6 years of data. The victimization measure captured different types of threats and assaults (including rape and gunshot). Results showed 978 (17.2%) observations during which participants reported victimization. On average, psychosocial maturation increased with age while victimization risk decreased. Crude and adjusted models of the between-individual effect showed that a one standard deviation increase in psychosocial maturation was associated with 39% and 20% lower odds of victimization, respectively. Crude and adjusted models of the within-individual effect showed that a one standard deviation increase in psychosocial maturation was associated with 22% and 17% lower odds of victimization, respectively. Psychosocial maturation appears to be a relevant predictor of victimization and aids in our understanding of victimization risk throughout adolescence and early adulthood.
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| 3. |
- Björkvall, Anders, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Att skapa mening är att lära : Datorer och yngre barns textanvändning
- 2012
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Ingår i: Resultatdialog 2012. - Stockholm : Vetenskapsrådet. - 9789173072137 ; , s. 48-57
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Yngre barn, i detta fall 7‐ och 8‐ åringar, använder datorer både i skolan och hemma. I så kallade ”en till en”‐projekt har varje barn en dator i skolan, och huvuddelen av undervisningen är knuten till denna dator. Projektet visar hur kopplingar mellan det som barnen gör med datorer hemma och i skolan, och mellan självvalda och lärarinitierade aktiviteter i klassrummet, kan ha underutnyttjad potential för lärande. Dessutom diskuteras principer för hur yngre barns texter där skrift, bild och grafik blandas kan bedömas. Ett barn barn kan till exempel skapa julkänsla i en text genom samspelet mellan färger och skrift, medan andra förlitar sig helt på skriften.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Björkvall, Anders, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Flerspråkighet och multimodalitet som lärandepotential
- 2010. - 1
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Ingår i: Flerspråkighet, identitet och lärande. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144059860 ; , s. 193-214
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dagens barn lever i ett mångfasetterat textlandskap och de flesta kommer tidigt i kontakt med olika sätt att hantera text. Barnen skriver med penna och papper eller via datorn och mobilen. De hanterar också text vid dataspelande och tevetittande. Texthanteringen sker i olika miljöer: i det egna hemmet, i kompisars hem, i skolan och för många barn på flera olika språk. Vi vet att dagens barn kommer att behöva använda och producera text på många olika sätt i framtiden. Vi vet också att flerspråkigheten är en resurs som såväl individen som samhället behöver ta vara på och utveckla. I kapitlet diskuteras hur flerspråkiga barns totala litteracitet kan utgöra en värdefull lärandepotential i skolan.
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| 6. |
- Björkvall, Anders, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Young children’s exploration of semiotic resources during unofficial computer activities in the classroom
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Early Childhood Literacy. - : Sage Publications. - 1468-7984 .- 1741-2919. ; 10:3, s. 271-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article describes and discusses the learning potential of unofficial techno-literacy activities in the classroom with regards to Swedish 7–8-year-olds’ exploration of semiotic resources when interacting with computers. In classroom contexts where every child works with his or her own computer, such activities tend to take up a substantial amount of time. The children have access to a wide range of sites and programs and show an interest in discovering these resources. The article thus explores a previously often neglected site for learning, located in the official classroom context but involving self-chosen activities with contemporary technology. In terms of theory and methodology, social semiotic ethnography is introduced into the field of young children’s techno-literacies. It is illustrated how a social semiotic approach allows for a more detailed analysis of the semiotic resources, whereas ethnographic data are necessary for an understanding of how such resources are put to use.
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| 7. |
- Elväng, Annelie, et al.
(författare)
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Sequencing of a Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus from Ixodes ricinus Reveals a Thermosensitive RNA Switch Significant for Virus Propagation in Ectothermic Arthropods
- 2011
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Ingår i: Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1530-3667 .- 1557-7759. ; 11:6, s. 649-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a flavivirus with major impact on global health. The geographical TBEV distribution is expanding, thus making it pivotal to further characterize the natural virus populations. In this study, we completed the earlier partial sequencing of a TBEV pulled out of a pool of RNA extracted from 115 ticks collected on Torö in the Stockholm archipelago. The total RNA was sufficient for all sequencing of a TBEV genome (Torö-2003), without conventional enrichment procedures such as cell culturing or suckling mice amplification. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the genome of TBEV has been sequenced directly from an arthropod reservoir. The Torö-2003 sequence has been characterized and compared with other TBE viruses. In silico analyses of secondary RNA structures formed by the two untranslated regions revealed a temperature-sensitive structural shift between a closed replicative form and an open AUG accessible form, analogous to a recently described bacterial thermoswitch. Additionally, novel phylogenetic conserved structures were identified in the variable part of the 3′-untranslated region, and their sequence and structure similarity when compared with earlier identified structures suggests an enhancing function on virus replication and translation. We propose that the thermo-switch mechanism may explain the low TBEV prevalence often observed in environmentally sampled ticks. Finally, we were able to detect variations that help in the understanding of virus adaptations to varied environmental temperatures and mammalian hosts through a comparative approach that compares RNA folding dynamics between strains with different mammalian cell passage histories.
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| 8. |
- Farahbakhsh Touli, Elena, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring the Dynamic Networks of Stock Returns with an Application to the Swedish Stock Market
- 2024
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Ingår i: Computational Economics. - : Springer. - 0927-7099 .- 1572-9974.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, two approaches for measuring the distance between stock returns and the network connectedness are presented that are based on the Pearson correlation coefficient dissimilarity and the generalized variance decomposition dissimilarity. Using these two procedures, the center of the network is determined. Also, hierarchical clustering methods are used to divide the dense networks into sparse trees, which provide us with information about how the companies of a financial market are related to each other. We implement the derived theoretical results to study the dynamic connectedness between the companies in the Swedish capital market by considering 28 companies included in the determination of the market index OMX30. The network structure of the market is constructed using different methods to determine the distance between the companies. We use hierarchical clustering methods to find the relation among the companies in each window. Next, we obtain a one-dimensional time series of the distances between the clustering trees that reflect the changes in the relationship between the companies in the market over time. The method from statistical process control, namely the Shewhart control chart, is applied to those time series to detect abnormal changes in the financial market.
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| 9. |
- Filser, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Are skewed sex ratios associated with violent crime? : A longitudinal analysis using Swedish register data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Evolution and human behavior. - New York : Elsevier. - 1090-5138 .- 1879-0607. ; 42:3, s. 212-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is widespread concern in both the popular and academic literature that a surplus of men in a population intensifies mating competition between men, particularly unpartnered men, resulting in increased violence towards both men and women. Recent contributions challenge this perspective and argue that male mating competition and levels of violence will be higher when sex ratios are female-skewed. Existing empirical evidence remains inconclusive. We argue that this empirical ambiguity results from analyses of aggregate-level data, which put inferences at risk of ecological fallacies. Our analysis circumvents such problems by using individual-level, longitudinal demographic register and police data for the Stockholm metropolitan area, Sweden (1990–2003, n = 758,498). These data allow us to investigate the association between municipality-level sex ratios and violent offending (homicide, assault, threat, and sexual crimes) while adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Results suggest that aggregated offending rates are negatively associated with male-skewed sex ratios, whereas individual-level violent offending correlates positively with male-skews. We find that the more-men-more-violence association holds particularly for male violence against other men, but is insignificant for violence against women. Moreover, the association is significant among childless men, but not among fathers. However, robustness checks question the causality of these associations. Female violent offending is positively, albeit due to a low number of cases, insignificantly associated with male-skews. Moreover, both male and female non-violent offending is higher in male-skewed municipalities. We discuss the implications with regard to the theoretical debate and problems of unobserved heterogeneity in the sex ratio literature.
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