| 1. |
- Dukic, Tania, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of drivers' age and push button locations on visual time off road, steering wheel deviation and safety perception
- 2006
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 49:1, s. 78-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study examined the effects of manual control locations on two groups of randomly selected young and old drivers in relation to visual time off road, steering wheel deviation and safety perception. Measures of visual time off road, steering wheel deviations and safety perception were performed with young and old drivers during real traffic. The results showed an effect of both driver's age and button location on the dependent variables. Older drivers spent longer visual time off road when pushing the buttons and had larger steering wheel deviations. Moreover, the greater the eccentricity between the normal line of sight and the button locations, the longer the visual time off road and the larger the steering wheel deviations. No interaction effect between button location and age was found with regard to visual time off road. Button location had an effect on perceived safety: the further away from the normal line of sight the lower the rating.
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| 2. |
- Dybjer, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Type 1 diabetes, cognitive ability and incidence of cardiovascular disease and death over 60 years of follow-up time in men
- 2022
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Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0742-3071 .- 1464-5491. ; 39:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims There are few cohorts of type 1 diabetes that follow individuals over more than half a century in terms of health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine associations between type 1 diabetes, diagnosed before age 18, and long-term morbidity and mortality, and to investigate whether cognitive ability plays a role in long-term morbidity and mortality risk. Methods In a Swedish cohort, 120 men with type 1 diabetes and 469 without type 1 diabetes were followed between 18 and 77 years of age as regards morbidity and mortality outcomes, and impact of cognitive ability at military conscription for the outcomes. In Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier analyses with log-rank tests, associations between diabetes and cognitive ability respectively, and outcomes (mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and diabetes complications) were investigated. Results Men with type 1 diabetes suffered from dramatically higher mortality (HR 4.62, 95% CI: 3.56-5.60), cardiovascular mortality (HR 5.60, 95% CI: 3.27-9.57), and cardiovascular events (HR 3.97, 95% CI: 2.79-5.64) compared to men without diabetes. Higher cognitive ability at military conscription was associated with lower mortality in men without diabetes, but was not associated with any outcome in men with diabetes. Conclusions In this historical cohort study with 60 years of follow-up time and a less effective treatment of diabetes than today, mortality rates and cardiovascular outcomes were high for men with type 1 diabetes. Morbidity or mortality did not differ between those that had low to normal or high cognitive ability among men with type 1 diabetes.
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| 3. |
- Hallgren, Jenny, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with increased hospitalisation risk among nursing home residents in Sweden : a prospective study with a three-year follow-up
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Older People Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1748-3735 .- 1748-3743. ; 11:2, s. 130-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundHospitalisation of nursing home residents might lead to deteriorating health.AimTo evaluate physical and psychological factors associated with hospitalisation risk among nursing home residents.DesignProspective study with three years of follow-up.MethodsFour hundred and twenty-nine Swedish nursing home residents, ages 65–101 years, from 11 nursing homes in three municipalities were followed during three years. The participants' physical and psychological status was assessed at baseline. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate factors associated with hospitalisation risk using STATA.ResultsOf the 429 participants, 196 (45.7%) were hospitalised at least once during the three-year follow-up period, and 109 (25.4%) during the first six months of the study. The most common causes of hospitalisation were cardiovascular diseases or complications due to falls. A Cox regression model showed that residents who have had previous falls (P < 0.001), are malnourished (P < 0.001), use a greater number of drugs (P < 0.001) and have more diseases (P < 0.001), are at an increased risk of hospitalisation.ConclusionNursing home residents are frequently hospitalised, often due to falls or cardiovascular diseases. Study results underscore the relationships between malnutrition, previous falls, greater numbers of drugs and diseases and higher risk of hospitalisation.Implications for practicePreventive interventions aimed at malnutrition and falls at the nursing home could potentially reduce the number of hospitalisations. With improved education and support to nurses concerning risk assessment at the nursing homes, it may be possible to reduce the numbers of avoidable hospitalisation among nursing home residents and in the long run improve quality of life and reduce suffering.
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| 4. |
- Hanson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of stature, age and vehicle motion on ingress movement
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Vehicle Design. - : InderScience Publishers. - 0143-3369 .- 1741-5314. ; 51:3/4, s. 292-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vehicle ingress is an important automotive industry issue. End-users and production line assemblers perform similar ingress tasks. In this study, comparisons were made of the car ingress motion in 40 subjects of different statures, acting both as assemblers and end-users. Half of the subjects were under 28 years of age and the remaining were over 60. Results show no significant differences in motion patterns between assemblers and end-users, i.e., slow forward motion of the car on the assembly line had no effect on ingress patterns. This suggests that ergonomic departments working either with end-users or assemblers may instead cooperate or even be fully integrated. Stature significantly affected joint angle distribution and joint angle velocity distribution. No stature effect was found on time to perform ingress movements or on ingress technique. Age significantly affected all test parameters and is thus an issue for developers to consider along with anthropometric variables like stature. To facilitate age analysis, manikins in digital human modelling tools should be able to replicate the physical characteristics of different age groups and the movement behaviour of older people.
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| 5. |
- Klaeson, Kicki, et al.
(författare)
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Talking about sexuality : desire, virility, and intimacy in the context of prostate cancer associations
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Men's Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1557-9883 .- 1557-9891. ; 7:1, s. 42-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer and its outcomes are a real threat for health and well-being for men living in the Western world. The number of men with a diagnosis of prostate cancer, before the age of 65 years, has increased in recent decades. The aim of this study was to explore how some of these Swedish men experienced and talked about their sexuality. Four focus group discussions were performed in the context of associations for prostate cancer. Using qualitative content analysis, it was identified how the diagnosis was a threat to their male identity; the men's vulnerability as a group in society was made explicit. Their sexuality was diminished by their illness experiences. These experiences were difficult to share and talk about with others and therefore connected with silence and sorrow. As a result of this, the informants often played a passive role when or if they discussed issues related to sexuality with someone in the health care organizations. The possibility of voluntarily joining a cancer association was probably highly beneficial for these men. During the sessions, several men expressed the opinion that "it is always great to talk."
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Transcriptional and Epigenetic Changes Influencing Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 103:12, s. 4465-4477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Despite this, the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance in PCOS are largely unknown. Objective: To investigate the genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in skeletal muscle from women with PCOS and controls and relate them to phenotypic variations. Design/Participants: In a case-control study, skeletal muscle biopsies from women with PCOS (n = 17) and age-, weight-, and body mass index. matched controls (n = 14) were analyzed by array-based DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiling. Results: Eighty-five unique transcripts were differentially expressed in muscle from women with PCOS vs controls, including DYRK1A, SYNPO2, SCP2, and NAMPT. Furthermore, women with PCOS had reduced expression of genes involved in immune system pathways. Two CpG sites showed differential DNA methylation after correction for multiple testing. However, an mRNA expression of similar to 30% of the differentially expressed genes correlated with DNA methylation levels of CpG sites in or near the gene. Functional follow-up studies demonstrated that KLF10 is under transcriptional control of insulin, where insulin promotes glycogen accumulation in myotubes of human muscle cells. Testosterone downregulates the expression levels of COL1A1 and MAP2K6. Conclusion: PCOS is associated with aberrant skeletal muscle gene expression with dysregulated pathways. Furthermore, we identified specific changes in muscle DNA methylation that may affect gene expression. This study showed that women with PCOS have epigenetic and transcriptional changes in skeletal muscle that, in part, can explain the metabolic abnormalities seen in these women.
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| 7. |
- Ohlsson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure associated with a mutation in A-band titin
- 2012
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Ingår i: Brain. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-8950 .- 1460-2156. ; 135:6, s. 1682-1694
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure and extensive myofibrillar lesions has been described in sporadic and familial cases and linked to various chromosomal regions. The mutated gene is unknown in most cases. We studied eight individuals, from three apparently unrelated families, with clinical and pathological features of hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure. The investigations included clinical examination, muscle histopathology and genetic analysis by whole exome sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. All patients had adult onset muscle weakness in the pelvic girdle, neck flexors, respiratory and trunk muscles, and the majority had prominent calf hypertrophy. Examination of pulmonary function showed decreased vital capacity. No signs of cardiac muscle involvement were found. Muscle histopathological features included marked muscle fibre size variation, fibre splitting, numerous internal nuclei and fatty infiltration. Frequent groups of fibres showed eosinophilic inclusions and deposits. At the ultrastructural level, there were extensive myofibrillar lesions with marked Z-disc alterations. Whole exome sequencing in four individuals from one family revealed a missense mutation, g.274375T > C; p.Cys30071Arg, in the titin gene (TTN). The mutation, which changes a highly conserved residue in the myosin binding A-band titin, was demonstrated to segregate with the disease in all three families. High density single nucleotide polymorphism arrays covering the entire genome demonstrated sharing of a 6.99 Mb haplotype, located in chromosome region 2q31 including TTN, indicating common ancestry. Our results demonstrate a novel and the first disease-causing mutation in A-band titin associated with hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure. The typical histopathological features with prominent myofibrillar lesions and inclusions in muscle and respiratory failure early in the clinical course should be incentives for analysis of TTN mutations.
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