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| 2. |
- Adamopoulos, Stergios, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic properties of acetylated wood under different humid conditions and its relevance for musical instruments
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Wood Modification 2018, Arnhem, The Netherlands. - The Netherlands : Practicum. ; , s. 236-243
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In musical instrument making, less expensive wood species and materials with good characteristics and acoustical properties can provide potentials to find alternatives to the traditional exotic wood species used today. Modified wood could be such a choice if shows similar sound characteristics to wood coming from endangered and expensive tropical species with problematic commercial availability. In musical instruments, the overall functionality depends on the contribution of wood to different material performance indexes like sound radiation coefficient (R), characteristic impedance (z) and acoustic conversion efficiency (ACE). In this study, the performance indexes were measured for acetylated beech, maple and radiata pine and compared with these obtained for the reference wood materials maple, mahogany, alder and ash. A non-destructive free-free flexural vibration test method was used at constant temperature (20oC) but in different humid conditions- dry (35% RH), standard (65% RH) and wet (85% RH). Dimensional changes in the different humid conditions were also taken in account. Acetylated wood showed lower EMC with higher dimensional stability at each humidity level as compared with the reference wood materials. These properties are considered important factors for making quality musical instruments. Based on the acoustical properties, acetylated wood materials, especially radiata pine, showed good potential for use for musical instruments where specific characteristics of sound are required. However, the other types of acetylated wood can also be used for specific musical instruments.
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| 3. |
- Adamopoulos, Stergios, et al.
(författare)
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Adhesive bonding of beech wood modified with a phenol formaldehyde compound
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-3768 .- 1436-736X. ; 70:6, s. 897-901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Untreated (controls) and phenol–formaldehyde (PF)-modified beech wood (10 and 25 % solid content) were glued with phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). Shear strength of PRF-bonded specimens was higher than that of PVAc-bonded ones under dry and wet conditions irrespective of the pre-treatment. Under dry conditions, only PVAc-bonded specimens exhibited reduction in shear strength due to PF-modification with 25 % PF concentration as compared to the controls. PF treated wood provided inferior bonding under wet conditions with the exception of 25 % PF concentration specimens glued with PRF adhesive. Modification with PF resulted in a decrease of adhesive penetration into the porous network of interconnected cells, especially at 25 % PF concentration.
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| 5. |
- Adamopoulos, Stergios, et al.
(författare)
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CARACTERISTICILE MATERIALULUI FIBROS ŞI PROPRIETĂŢILEHÂRTIEI RECICLATE FOLOSITE ÎN FABRICAREA CARTONULUIONDULAT : Morphology and identification of fibre furnish components of papers used in the production of corrugated board
- 2013
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Ingår i: 7th International Symposium on Advanced Technologies for the Pulp, Paper and Corrugated Board Industry.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fabricarea de ambalaje din carton ondulat (cutii, tăvi, etc) presupune un lanț de producțieintegrat, format din producătorii de hârtie, producătorii de carton ondulat și producătorii decontainere, dintre care, în Europa, majoritatea sunt IMM-uri. În prezent, containerele de cartonondulat sunt în mare parte realizate cu hârtie recuperată. Cea mai mare amenințare cu care seconfruntă lanțul de producție menționat este legat de lipsa de calitate și de disponibilitate a hârtieireciclate ca materie primă. Concret, una dintre cele mai importante proprietăți ale hârtiei deambalaj este rezistența mecanică, care depinde, în principal, de lungimea fibrelor din care estealcătuita hârtia. Aceste fibre sunt mai lungi în celuloza virgină (celuloza obţinută din lemn, adicănereciclată). Cu toate acestea, presiunea mare asupra cererii - precum și restricțiile economice șiecologice actuale referitoare la utilizarea lemnului ca materie primă - a condus la situația în caredoar o foarte mică cantitate de fibre naturale intră în lanțul de reciclare. Acest lucru înseamnă cărezistenţa fibrelor reciclate – si prin extindere – a hârtiilor – scade în mod constant, odată cuciclurile de reciclare aflate în desfăşurare. Suplimentar, hârtia reciclată prezintă o variabilitatefoarte mare, ceea ce constituie un obstacol atunci când vine vorba de a fabrica ambalaje cuproprietăţi omogene, cerute de către clienţi, la costuri fixe.Dificultatea de predicţie a proprietăților produselor din hârtie obţinute din surse eterogenepune mai multe limitări, care, din acest motiv, conduc la pierderi economice grave și numai ocaracterizare completă va permite mai buna lor folosire. Proiectul "RF-CORRUG - Controlulcalității materiilor prime din fibre recuperate pentru producția de carton ondulat", Cadrul NaționalStrategic de referinţă 2007-2013 Arhimede III, tratează această problemă tehnică comună aindustriei de carton ondulat. Concret, obiectivul principal al proiectului este de a sprijinicompetitivitatea companiilor producătoare de carton ondulat (în special IMM-uri), prin creareaunui instrument software bazat pe modele practice, care pot prezice proprietăţile sortimentului dehârtie de ambalaj, pornind de la proprietăţile fibrelor (calitative, cantitative, de structură) utilizateîn producția lor.Această lucrare prezintă informații referitoare la fibre (analiza cantitativă și calitativă,morfologia) și hârtiile de ambalaj (proprietățile fizice și mecanice) folosite în obţinereaambalajelor din carton ondulat. Au fost examinate diferite categorii de hârtii (miez şi capac),utilizate pentru producția de carton ondulat în Grecia. Principalele tehnici de analiză a fibrelor aufost: analiza masei fibroase, analiza morfologica a fibrei, microscopia optică, microscopiaelectronică de baleiaj (SEM). Suplimentar, a fost determinată rezistenţa la tracţiune (zero-spantensile test), pentru a măsura astfel rezistenţa medie a fibrei. Proprietăţile solicitate pentru hârtie au fost măsurate folosind testere şi standarderecunoscute pe plan internaţional. Informaţiile obţinute vor fi folosite pentru a dezvolta modelepredictive, bazate pe metode statistice avansate, pentru proprietăţile şi performanţele hârtiilor deambalaj, în funcţie de informaţiile furnizate de fibrele componente.
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| 7. |
- Adamopoulos, Stergios, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of packaging grade papers from recycled raw materials through the study of fibre morphology and composition
- 2007
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Ingår i: Global NEST. International Journal. - : Global NEST Journal. - 1108-4006. ; 9:1, s. 20-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The restrictions in availability of forest-based raw materials along with favourable environmental policies towards alternative sources of raw materials have forced corrugated packaging industry to shift towards recycled paper and other fibre sources such as non-wood and agro-residues. The variability in raw pulp materials with increasing percentages of recycled fibres is a very common technical problem for the corrugated packaging industry worldwide. Corrugating packaging production is facing the challenge to ensure a satisfactory strength of packages despite the increase of recycled paper as the main fibrous component. Sustainable manufacturing of papers of consistent and acceptable quality requests comprehensive characterization of the fibrous components, which are becoming more heterogeneous. Understanding the influence that heterogeneous recycled raw materials have on packaging grade paper properties offers great potential value to the corrugated board and packaging industry.57 linerboards and corrugating medium were selected to represent all the variety of paper grades available on the market at the moment for the production of corrugated board in Spain. The papers were analyzed for their fibre morphology (fibre length, fibre width, lumen diameter, cell wall width and flexibility) and fibre composition (softwood to hardwood and nonwood fibre count and weight) and their strength (compression, bursting and crushing resistance) was evaluated. All the determinations were in accordance with the relevant TAPPI Test Methods. The significant differences found in most of the anatomical characteristics, fibre composition and strength properties among the paper grades reflected the diverse raw materials used for their production as well as their qualitative differences. By means of simple correlation the influence of fibre characteristics and composition on the strength of the papers was determined under two different conditions, at 23 o C and 50% RH and at 20 o C and 90% RH.The results demonstrate that besides the physical-mechanical characterization of packaging grade papers, fibre anatomy and composition can be used successfully as a complementary practical test to predict the performance of papers. The application of the predicting correlations is proposed for the evaluation of the fibre supplies for the packaging industry. An enormous potential for cost reduction can be created by the selection of the most appropriate and inexpensive combination of grade papers for a specific packaging use
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| 8. |
- Adamopoulos, Stergios, et al.
(författare)
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Dimensional changes of extracted and non-extracted small wood specimens of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. - : Springer. - 0018-3768 .- 1436-736X. ; 61:4, s. 264-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From straight grained heartwood of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), specimens, 3 cm×3 cm in cross section and 0.5 mm (or 10 mm) in axial direction, were cut and used for the determination of dimensional changes and the rate of tangential swelling. Mean radial, tangential and axial shrinkage was 5.30%, 6.67% and 0.16%, respectively, while the coefficient of anisotropy was 1.26. Half of the specimens for the determination of the rate of tangential swelling were extracted for 48 h with distilled hot water. The tangential dimensional change and the time taken to attain half maximum swelling in air-dry and oven-dry specimens were assessed according to a common technique. Extractive removal resulted in an increase of the total magnitude of tangential swelling in both air-dry and oven-dry specimens. However, no significant differences in time taken to attain half maximum swelling between air-dry and oven-dry specimens were observed after extraction. The rate of tangential swelling was lower in air-dry specimens than in oven-dry specimens after 30 min of immersion in water when were non-extracted and after 5 min of immersion in water when were extracted. Extracted air-dry specimens had a greater rate of tangential swelling than non-extracted air-dry specimens and the same occurred for oven-dry specimens. Extraction resulted in a higher diffusion coefficient for air-dry specimens. The diffusion coefficient calculated for non-extracted air-dry specimens (0.901×10−4 cm2/min) showed that black locust is a difficult species to impregnate.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Adamopoulos, Stergios, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of cambium age and ring width on density and fibre length of black locust and chestnut wood
- 2010
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Ingår i: Wood research. - 1336-4561. ; 55:3, s. 25-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between wood density (WD) and fibre length (FL) with cambium age (CA) and ring width (RW) was studied in two ring-porous species, black locust and coppice-grown chestnut, collected in the Sithonia Peninsula, Chalkidiki, Greece. Using regression analysis methods, models of WD and FL in relation to CA and RW were obtained. It was found that the effect of CA and RW on WD and FL was similar for both species examined. WD of black locust and chestnut was predicted better through a model using CA and RW. A model for FL variations was also obtained with CA and RW and was more accurate than the simple models based on the two factors, CA and RW, separately. The multiple regression models suggested that the use of cambial age of growth rings together with their width might explain better their effects on WD and FL of black locust and chestnut.
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