| 1. |
- Atabaki Pasdar, Naeimeh, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting and elucidating the etiology of fatty liver disease: A machine learning modeling and validation study in the IMI DIRECT cohorts
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1676 .- 1549-1277. ; 17:6, s. 1003149-1003149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent and causes serious health complications in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Early diagnosis of NAFLD is important, as this can help prevent irreversible damage to the liver and, ultimately, hepatocellular carcinomas. We sought to expand etiological understanding and develop a diagnostic tool for NAFLD using machine learning. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We utilized the baseline data from IMI DIRECT, a multicenter prospective cohort study of 3,029 European-ancestry adults recently diagnosed with T2D (n = 795) or at high risk of developing the disease (n = 2,234). Multi-omics (genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic) and clinical (liver enzymes and other serological biomarkers, anthropometry, measures of beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and lifestyle) data comprised the key input variables. The models were trained on MRI-image-derived liver fat content (
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| 2. |
- Athanassiou, N., et al.
(författare)
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Simulation of thermal and mechanical performance of laser cladded disc brake rotors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part J, journal of engineering tribology. - London : SAGE Publications Ltd. - 1350-6501 .- 2041-305X. ; 236:1, s. 3-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disc brakes wear during braking events and release airborne particulates. These particle emissions are currently one of the highest contributors to non-exhaust particle emissions and introduce health hazards as well as environmental contamination. To reduce this problem, wear and corrosion-resistant disc coatings have been implemented on grey cast iron brake disc rotors by using various deposition techniques such as thermal spraying and overlay welding. High thermal gradients during braking introduce risks of flaking off and cracking of thermally sprayed coatings with adhesive bonding to the substrate. Overlay welding by laser cladding offers metallurgical bonding of the coating to the substrate and other benefits that motivate laser cladding as a candidate for the coating of the grey cast iron brake discs. This study aims to investigate the effect of laser cladding on the thermal and thermo-structural performance of the coated grey cast iron brake discs. Therefore, thermal and thermo-stress analysis with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 software is performed on braking events of grey cast iron brake discs as non-coated – reference and laser cladding coated with stainless steel welding consumables. The Results demonstrated that surface temperatures were more localised, overall higher in the laser cladded coating with over three times the stresses attained of reference grey cast iron discs. The output of the simulations has been compared by tests found in the literature. Laser cladding presented higher reliability and braking performance, nonetheless requiring the evaluation of its thermal impact on other system components.
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| 3. |
- Karimi, Mohammad, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Intersubband Quantum Disc-in-Nanowire Photodetectors with Normal-Incidence Response in the Long-Wavelength Infrared
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nano letters (Print). - Washington : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 18:1, s. 365-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semiconductor nanowires have great potential for realizing broadband photodetectors monolithically integrated with silicon. However, the spectral range of such detectors has so far been limited to selected regions in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions. Here, we report on the first intersubband nanowire heterostructure array photodetectors exhibiting a spectrally resolved photoresponse from the visible to long-wavelength infrared. In particular, the infrared response from 3 to 20 μm is enabled by intersubband transitions in low-bandgap InAsP quantum discs synthesized axially within InP nanowires. The intriguing optical characteristics, including unexpected sensitivity to normal incident radiation, are explained by excitation of the longitudinal component of optical modes in the photonic crystal formed by the nanostructured portion of the detectors. Our results provide a generalizable insight into how broadband nanowire photodetectors may be designed and how engineered nanowire heterostructures open up new, fascinating opportunities for optoelectronics.
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| 4. |
- Olofsson, Ulf, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Laser Cladding Treatment for Refurbishing Disc Brake Rotors : Environmental and Tribological Analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Tribology letters. - New York : Springer Nature. - 1023-8883 .- 1573-2711. ; 69:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, grey cast iron disc brake rotors are refurbished by adding a surface layer through laser cladding. Current methods to deal with replaced rotors mainly include remelting, with a minority fraction disposed in landfill. Both approaches result in a huge waste of resources and an increase in CO2 footprint. From a sustainable point of view, this study aims to evaluate the feasibility of refurbishing brake rotors by a combined environmental and tribological performance approach. A streamlined life cycle assessment is conducted to compare the environmental impacts between producing virgin grey cast iron brake rotors and refurbishing replaced brake rotors by laser cladding. It turns out that the energy consumption and CO2 footprint of the laser cladding refurbished brake rotors are 80% and 90% less than the virgin brake rotors. The results show that the refurbished brake rotor yields higher friction compared to the original cast iron utilizing the same pad material. The wear and particle emissions of the disc brake contact are in this study higher for the laser-cladded one compared to the original cast iron one.
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| 5. |
- Perez Vico, Eugenia, et al.
(författare)
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A resource- and impact-based micro-level conceptualization of collaborative academic work
- 2017
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Ingår i: Aslib Journal of Information Management. - Bingley : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2050-3806 .- 2050-3814. ; 69:5, s. 624-639
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop new conceptual tools for analyzing how contemporary collaborative academic work is organized on micro-level, and its social and economic impact, in broad terms. Thus it makes a contribution towards a better view on how contemporary academics organize their professional activities in light of profound changes to the framework conditions of academic work, and a better view on the productivity and potentially very wide societal impact of academia. Design/methodology/approach: Based on previous research, the arguments are developed conceptually. The paper builds both on previous empirical findings and strong traditions in organization theory (resource dependence theory) and innovation studies. Findings: The paper achieves a synthesized conceptual view on impact of academia, strongly related to how individual academics organize their professional activities today, given the recent profound structural changes to the academic system. The paper launches resource dependence as a key concept for understanding contemporary academic work in a collaborative context, and sequences of impact as a key tool for conceptualizing the very varied role of academia in society. Research limitations/implications: While building strongly on previous research, the paper is conceptual in nature and thus its value lies chiefly in assisting future studies. Practical implications: The contribution can assist in policymaking by promoting the achievement of more accurate and better balanced models and appraisal schemes. Originality/value: The paper has theoretical originality and its synthesized argument about organizing and impact is of high value for current scholarly debate on these topics.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Perez Vico, Eugenia, et al.
(författare)
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How industry collaboration influences research : The case of the Swedish interdisciplinary materials consortia, 1990-2000
- 2019
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Ingår i: Industry & higher education. - London : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 0950-4222 .- 2043-6858. ; 33:5, s. 289-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides new insights into the consequences of university-industry collaboration for the content and conduct of academic research by analysing the Swedish research funding programme for the so-called 'materials consortia', in place between 1990 and 2000. Using secondary sources, the analysis highlights the causality in university-industry collaboration and the impact of such collaboration on the academic research environments involved. While the funding programme was clearly aimed at influencing the conduct of academic research, impacts are seen mostly in content. Also, collaborative activities with long-term positive outcomes grew organically rather than top-down, with mutual trust and recognition at the operational level of great importance. The policy implications include the realization that the durability of efforts, from funders as well as at the operational level, is key to achieving deeper added value in university-industry collaborations. The article contributes to a deepened and broadened understanding of the multidimensionality of university-industry collaborations and their effects on research.
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| 8. |
- Perez Vico, Eugenia, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge triangle configurations at three Swedish Universities
- 2017
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Ingår i: Foresight and STI Governance. - Moscow : National Research University, Higher School of Econoimics. - 2312-9972 .- 2500-2597. ; 11:2, s. 68-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of a knowledge triangle, i.e., the principle of strengthening the linkages between research, education and innovation, has emerged as a result of policymakers' expectations that universities assume a broader societal responsibility. Yet, little is known about how these tasks and their interactions are orchestrated at universities. We explore concept of how the knowledge triangle is manifested in the organisation and strategy of three different Swedish universities, and how these manifestations are shaped by the policy landscape. The article highlights the fact that although the knowledge triangle remains a priority, explicit national policies are lacking, with the responsibility of integration falling upon universities themselves. We observe great diversity in how the principles of the knowledge triangle are orchestrated at the universities, e.g., through individuals' interpretations and attitudes, and through management strategies and incentive schemes. However, the three tasks have largely been handled separately, with weak coordination and generally limited ambition demonstrated by university management teams to forge new combinations of remits. At the individual and group levels, we observe weak task articulation, although some role models serve as inspiration. Tensions emerge as the responsibilities of operationalising the knowledge triangle falls on individuals who sometimes lack the appropriate mandate and resources. These findings raise questions for further research and implications for policy and university management.
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| 9. |
- Shang, Xiangjun, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of tunable dot charging on photoresponse spectra of GaAs p-i-n diode with InAs quantum dots
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - Melville, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 118:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantum dot (QD)-embedded photodiodes have demonstrated great potential for use as detectors. A modulation of QD charging opens intriguing possibilities for adaptive sensing with bias-tunable detector characteristics. Here, we report on a p-i-n GaAs photodiode with InAs QDs whose charging is tunable due to unintentional Be diffusion and trap-assisted tunneling of holes, from bias-and temperature (T)-dependent photocurrent spectroscopy. For the sub-bandgap spectra, the T-dependent relative intensities "QD-s/WL" and "WL/GaAs" (WL: wetting layer) indicate dominant tunneling under -0.9V (trap-assisted tunneling from the top QDs) and dominant thermal escape under -0.2 similar to 0.5V (from the bottom QDs since the top ones are charged and inactive for optical absorption) from the QD s-state, dominant tunneling from WL, and enhanced QD charging at >190K (related to trap level ionization). For the above-bandgap spectra, the degradation of the spectral profile (especially near the GaAs bandedge) as the bias and T tune (especially under -0.2 similar to 0.2V and at >190 K) can be explained well by the enhanced photoelectron capture in QDs with tunable charging. The dominant spectral profile with no degradation under 0.5V is due to a saturated electron capture in charged QDs (i.e., charging neutralization). QD level simulation and schematic bandstructures can help one understand these effects.
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| 10. |
- Shang, X. -J, et al.
(författare)
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Quantum-dot-induced optical transition enhancement in InAs quantum-dot-embedded p-i-n GaAs solar cells
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - New York, N.Y. : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 99:11, s. 113514-113514-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photocurrents (PCs) of three p–i–n GaAs solar cells, sample A with InAs quantum dots (QDs) embedded in the depletion region, B with QDs in the n region, and C without QDs, were studied experimentally and theoretically. Above GaAs bandgap, the PC of A is increased, while B is decreased with respect to C, since in A, the QD-induced reflection of hole wave function increases its overlap with electron wave function so that the optical transition rate is enhanced, while carrier mobility in B is reduced due to QD-induced potential variations. Moreover, A and B have increased PCs in the sub-GaAs-bandgap range due to QD optical absorptions.
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