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| 2. |
- Ivarsson, Ann-Britt, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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An integrative review combined with a semantic review to explore the meaning of Swedish terms compatible with occupation, activity, doing and task
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 15:1, s. 52-63
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to explore the intended meaning of the terms “occupation”, “activity”, “doing”, and “task” used in international occupational therapy literature and from this perspective explore which Swedish terms best capture these meanings. A literature review of occupational therapy-related journals was performed to gain a basic understanding of the term occupation and related terms. In addition, a semantic review was used: English and Swedish dictionaries were reviewed to explore the semantic meaning of the English terms “occupation”, “activity”, “doing”, and “task”, and the Swedish terms “aktivitet”, “syssla/sysselsättning”, “görande”, and “uppgift”. A comparison was also performed by searching for parallels between the results of the literature review, the semantic definitions of the English and Swedish terms and the comprehensive meaning of the Swedish terms aktivitet and syssla/sysselsättning. An overarching idea of the concept of occupation was found in the literature review and for the purposes of this study we have identified this as Occupation for survival. From this overarching idea, three themes were identified: The feature of occupation, Impact of occupation and Occupation an occupational therapy concept. Each theme could be subdivided into sub-themes. The Swedish term aktivitet was found to have more power, strength, and spirit connected to the synonyms found in the semantic analysis than to those connected with the Swedish term syssla/sysselsättning. According to the findings in this study we found that the term “aktivitet” is the best comparable term in Swedish to the English term “occupation”.
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| 3. |
- Ivarsson, Ann-Britt, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Occupation as described by occupational therapy students in Sweden : A follow-up study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 16:1, s. 57-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is the second in a series of studies carried out in Sweden concerning the dimensions of the concept occupation. The specific aim of this study was to explore new and confirm previously found dimensions of the concept of occupation in the context of occupational therapy. Occupational therapy students, a few weeks from their completion of studies, were asked to write down spontaneously what they personally considered to be occupation. Forty-two women and three men, aged between 25 and 33 years, participated. Grounded theory with the constant comparative method was used to analyse the data. A coding scheme of 40 codes was used to compare new data with previously found data concerning the concept of occupation as described by occupational therapy students. Six new codes concerning occupation expanded the dimensions of the concept. Five of those were found within the doing and context dimensions. These codes defined occupation as something that depends on who is performing the occupation and where the occupation is performed. Thus, occupation is not a permanent state but also very much depends on subjective experience. Additional studies with experienced occupational therapists have been planned to further expand these findings and aim to give a stronger foundation to the concept of occupation built on empirical grounds.
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| 4. |
- Lindstedt, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Background factors related to and/or influencing occupation in mentally disordered offenders
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 20:3, s. 331-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Knowledge of background and occupational related factors of mentally disordered offenders are missing. It is essential to understand these issues when planning discharge from forensic psychiatric hospital care to enable community dwelling. Aims: One aim was to investigate mentally disordered offenders' background factors, confidence in and how they value occupations. Another aim was to investigate MDOs background factors' in relation to and the influences on Occupational Performance and Social Participation. Method: Data was collected with an explorative, correlative design after informed consent, from 74 mentally disordered offenders (mean age 34,2) cared for in forensic psychiatric hospitals. Assessments were Allen Cognitive Level Screen, Capability to Perform Daily Occupations, Interview Schedule of Social Interaction, Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life, Self-efficacy Scale and Importance scale. Eight background factors were assembled from the individual forensic psychiatric investigation. Findings: Most of the investigated background factors relate to and half of them influence occupational performance, particular the cognitive aspect of occupational performance. The influences on occupation originate from adulthood, such as suffering from schizophrenia, psycho/social problems, and having performed violent crimes. These findings indicate that staff in forensic hospital care should initiate rehabilitation with knowledge about MDOs' complex daily occupations. For avoiding information bias, information gathering preceding treatment planning should be performed in collaboration between caring staff and mentally disordered offenders.
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| 5. |
- Müllersdorf, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Occupation as described by novice occupational therapy students in Sweden : the first step in a theory generative process grounded in empirical data
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 15:1, s. 34-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A core assumption in occupational therapy is that occupation enhances health. This study is one of a series of planned studies carried out in Sweden, with the overall aim to develop a theory, based on empirical grounds, concerning the dimensions of occupation that may be useful in occupational therapy. The specific aim for this study is to examine the dimensions of occupation as generally understood among novice occupational therapy students. Grounded Theory was the chosen method. Data were collected among occupational therapy students. The students wrote down spontaneously what they considered to be included in activity. A preliminary core category ‘‘The what, why, and how of occupation’’ and five other categories emerged from the analysis: (1) The doing and context of occupation; (2) Motive for occupation; (3) Time and place for occupation; (4) Type of participation; and (5) Outcome of occupation. Relationships between the categories were established between the Motive for occupation and Outcome of occupation, which constitute a kind of prerequisite for occupation. The three remaining categories: The doing and context of occupation, Time and place for occupation, and Type of participation established a form for occupation. In conclusion, the study results illuminated the richness of the concept of occupation and support the core assumption in occupational therapy that occupation enhances health.
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| 6. |
- Müllersdorf, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The use of creative activities in occupational therapy practice in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - San Francisco, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 19:3, s. 127-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of creative activities in occupational therapy in Sweden and how often Swedish occupational therapists use creative activities as a means of intervention. A web-mail survey was sent to 2975 Swedish occupational therapists working in health care at regional, county council or primary health care level, and those working in vocational rehabilitation. A total of 1867 (63%) answered the questionnaire and showed that 44% did use creative activities as a means of intervention and most often by practitioners working in psychiatric health care. The most commonly used form of creative activity was arts and crafts followed by gardening. This web-mail survey was based on a limited amount of items regarding creative activities. Further research should focus on in-depth inquiries about how occupational therapists and their patients perceive the use of creative activities as a means of treatment in occupational therapy.
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| 7. |
- Müllersdorf, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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What, Why, How – Creative Activities in Occupational Therapy Practice in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 23:4, s. 369-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Creative activities have historically been used in occupational therapy, and although their usage has declined in recent decades, they are still used in Swedish practice. The aim of this study was to better understand how occupational therapists use creative activities in practice. A web-based survey was sent to 520 occupational therapists, of which 304 (58.5%) responded. The main reason identified for using creative activities was to strengthen the client's occupational performance, well-being and self-esteem. The expected outcomes of applying creative activities were to support the client in self-expression and experiencing joy and desire. More than half of the occupational therapist respondents did not use creative activities to the extent they desired. Creative activities in occupational therapy are still used as a vital treatment to strengthen the clients' occupational performance abilities. The survey has looked at only a professional perspective on effectiveness of applying creative activities in occupational therapy. More research is needed to evaluate how occupational therapists internationally apply creative activities. There is also a need to gain information from the client's perspective on the therapeutic value of creative activities.
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| 8. |
- Salzmann-Erikson, Martin, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Achieving equilibrium within a culture of stability : cultural knowing in nursing care on psychiatric intensive care units
- 2011
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Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - New York, United States : Informa UK Limited. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 32:4, s. 255-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents intensive psychiatric nurses' work and nursing care. The aim of the study was to describe expressions of cultural knowing in nursing care in psychiatric intensive care units (PICU). Spradley's ethnographic methodology was applied. Six themes emerged as frames for nursing care in psychiatric intensive care: providing surveillance, soothing, being present, trading information, maintaining security and reducing. These themes are used to strike a balance between turbulence and stability and to achieve equilibrium. As the nursing care intervenes when turbulence emerges, the PICU becomes a sanctuary that offers tranquility, peace and rest.
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| 9. |
- Thunborg, Charlotta, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a new assessment scale for measuring interaction during staff-assisted transfer of residents in dementia special care units
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2318 .- 1471-2318. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMobility problems and cognitive deficits related to transferring or moving persons suffering from dementia are associated with dependency. Physical assistance provided by staff is an important component of residents’ maintenance of mobility in dementia care facilities. Unfortunately, hands-on assistance during transfers is also a source of confusion in persons with dementia, as well as a source of strain in the caregiver. The bidirectional effect of actions in a dementia care dyad involved in transfer is complicated to evaluate. This study aimed to develop an assessment scale for measuring actions related to transferring persons with dementia by dementia care dyads.MethodsThis study was performed in four phases and guided by the framework of the biopsychosocial model and the approach presented by Social Cognitive Theory. These frameworks provided a starting point for understanding reciprocal effects in dyadic interaction. The four phases were 1) a literature review identifying existing assessment scales; 2) analyses of video-recorded transfer of persons with dementia for further generation of items, 3) computing the item content validity index of the 93 proposed items by 15 experts; and 4) expert opinion on the response scale and feasibility testing of the new assessment scale by video observation of the transfer situations.ResultsThe development process resulted in a 17-item scale with a seven-point response scale. The scale consists of two sections. One section is related to transfer-related actions (e.g., capability of communication, motor skills performance, and cognitive functioning) of the person with dementia. The other section addresses the caregivers’ facilitative actions (e.g., preparedness of transfer aids, interactional skills, and means of communication and interaction). The literature review and video recordings provided ideas for the item pool. Expert opinion decreased the number of items by relevance ratings and qualitative feedback. No further development of items was performed after feasibility testing of the scale.ConclusionsTo enable assessment of transfer-related actions in dementia care dyads, our new scale shows potential for bridging the gap in this area. Results from this study could provide health care professionals working in dementia care facilities with a useful tool for assessing transfer-related actions.
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| 10. |
- Thunborg, Charlotta, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Inter- and intra-rater reliability of a newly developed assessment scale : the Dyadic Interaction in Dementia Transfer Assessment Scale (DIDTAS)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0270-3181 .- 1541-3152. ; 33:4, s. 279-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To study the inter- and intra-rater reliability of a newly developed assessment scale, the Dyadic Interaction in Dementia Transfer Assessment Scale (DIDTAS).Methods: Two physiotherapists completed the observational form of the DIDTAS while watching 20 video-films of sit-to-stand-transfers or bedside transfers (i.e., caregiver-assisted transfers), videotaped in a dementia special care unit. Two-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used for calculating ICC values of each item.Results: The results supported the overall reliability of the DIDTAS items with variations in inter- and intra-rater reliability, with ICC values from 0.35 to 0.92.Conclusion: On the basis of the transfer-related actions of dementia care dyads, the DIDTAS was shown to be sufficiently reliable. This in turn can provide healthcare professionals seeing and treating individuals suffering from dementia with a new method for assessing actions related to person transfer situations in dementia care facilities.
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