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- Sandberg, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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"Special Support" in preschools in Sweden : preschool staff's definition of the construct
- 2010
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Ingår i: International journal of disability, development and education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1034-912X .- 1465-346X. ; 57:1, s. 43-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the definitions of the construct oyoung children in need of special supporto given by preschool staff in Sweden in 540 preschool units. The study has a mixed-methods design based on qualitative analysis of an open-ended question and quantitative analysis of questionnaire responses. The results reveal two general perspectives in definitions of the construct, a child perspective and an organisational perspective. Units with a child perspective had a higher proportion of children in need of special support, especially girls. The study highlights that the term ochildren in need of special supporto is partially socially constructed and is partially based on perceived child characteristics. The perceptions of what is considered to be a child in need of special support held by staff in a unit may impact on the services provided to children in need of special support.
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| 4. |
- Babri, Maira
(författare)
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Studying codes as transforming objects
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper addresses certain methodological aspects of a researchproject, in which an epistemological symmetry is assumed between humans and nonhumans,and this paper is about what implications and challenges such a premise mayentail for the data collection and analysis of the study. Although I adhere strongly to thenotion of epistemological symmetry in theory, there are certain aspects with such a studythat pose methodological challenges and this paper sheds light upon these challenges anddiscusses ways to deal with them. The major concern is retaining the epistemologicalsymmetry throughout the data collection and analysis of the study. This paperinvestigates the methodological aspects of a study on transformations of and by corporatecodes of ethics to analyze how corporate responsibility is influenced. The paper, henceexplores how we can, theoretically and practically, study a non-human actor (in this case,a code), with similar epistemological capabilities as a human actor, in a human-centeredworld.
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| 5. |
- Björck-Åkesson, Eva, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and the version for children and youth as a tool in child habilitation/early childhood intervention - feasibility and usefulness as a common language and frame of reference for practice
- 2010
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 32:S1, s. S125-S138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early childhood intervention and habilitation services for children with disabilities operate on an interdisciplinary basis. It requires a common language between professionals, and a shared framework for intervention goals and intervention implementation. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the version for children and youth (ICF-CY) may serve as this common framework and language. This overview of studies implemented by our research group is based on three research questions: Do the ICF-CY conceptual model have a valid content and is it logically coherent when investigated empirically? Is the ICF-CY classification useful for documenting child characteristics in services? What difficulties and benefits are related to using ICF-CY model as a basis for intervention when it is implemented in services? A series of studies, undertaken by the CHILD researchers are analysed. The analysis is based on data sets from published studies or master theses. Results and conclusion show that the ICF-CY has a useful content and is logically coherent on model level. Professionals find it useful for documenting children's body functions and activities. Guidelines for separating activity and participation are needed. ICF-CY is a complex classification, implementing it in services is a long-term project.
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| 6. |
- Blomberg, Helena
(författare)
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Mobbning, intriger, offerskap : att tala om sig själv som mobbad i arbetslivet
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is a study of bullying narratives, mainly co-produced in a process of ongoing interaction. The focus is on how narrators rhetorically organize their storytelling and identity work by using discursive resources. The empirical material consists of 12 interviews with, and 12 written stories by people who have been exposed to workplace bullying plus information from three websites about bullying, and previous research. The overarching aim of the study is to identify how a bullying discourse is produced, reproduced, challenged and negotiated in bullied persons’ narratives. Specific aims are to determine how bullying is portrayed publicly, how narrators with experience of being bullied build their stories, how the narratives stand in relation to victimization, what makes it possible to talk about vulnerability and what are its limits, and finally to develop a narrative approach.Theoretically and methodologically, the study has its basis in narrative analysis, discursive psychology, conversation analysis, and metaphor analysis. The study shows how the narrators categorize themselves as active, competent, and consensus seeking. They resist being victimized, but by their use of the interpretative repertoire and a standard story of bullying, they nevertheless become indirectly victimized. What’s at stake, in the narratives, is the question of guilt, which they rhetorically evade by the use of different metaphors. These metaphors depict bullying as a mystery, a lifelong source of suffering, a transformation, a learning experience, a battle, a contagious virus, and a trap. The narrators are constrained by the narrative conditions, the interpretative repertoire, standard story, and narrative form and content – a story of good and evil when creating their own story. The narrative conditions at the same time set the limit for expressing oneself in the identity work. This also means we are part of the production and reproduction of the bullying discourse when I, as a researcher, and the narrators use the repertoire and the standard story in mutual understanding.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Ann-Christin, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective study of cognitive behavioural factors as predictors of pain, disability and quality of life one year after lumbar disc surgery
- 2010
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - Oxon, United Kingdom : Taylor & Francis. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 32:7, s. 521-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to analyse the predictive value of cognitive and behavioural factors, in relation to pain, disability and quality of life (QoL) one year after lumbar disc surgery.Method: The study design was prospective. Fifty-nine patients scheduled for first time lumbar disc surgery were included. Pain, disability, QoL, coping, fear avoidance beliefs, expected outcome and sick leave were assessed preoperatively and 12 months after surgery. Multiple backward stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed to study the contribution of the preoperatively measured independent behavioural/cognitive factors (coping, fear avoidance beliefs and assessed chance to return to work within 3 months) to the dependent variables pain, disability and quality of life at 12 months after surgery.Results: Low expectations on work return within 3 months after surgery was significantly predictive for residual leg pain, odds ratio (OR)¼8.2, back pain, OR¼9.7, disability, OR¼13.8 and sick leave, OR¼19.5. Low QoL, was best predicted by preoperatively high scores on fear avoidance beliefs OR¼6.6 and being a woman OR¼6.0. The regression model explained 26–40% of the variance in pain, disability, QoL and sick leave.Conclusions: Eliciting patients’ expectations on work return after surgery could contribute to early identification of those who run the risk of developing long-term disability and sick-leave.
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| 8. |
- Lillvist, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Preschool children in need of special support : prevalence of traditional disability categories and functional difficulties
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 99:1, s. 131-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate the prevalence of children who are in need of special support in the total population of children attending preschools (CA 1-6) in two Swedish counties, and the functional problems exhibited by the children in relation to demographical and environmental factors in the preschool context. Method: Survey distributed to (N = 1138) preschools in two Swedish counties. Results: The majority of children perceived by preschool teachers and in need of special support were undiagnosed children with functional difficulties related to speech, language and interaction with peers. Conclusion: Undiagnosed and diagnosed children share the same type of difficulties. Thus, in estimating the prevalence of children in need of special support in a preschool context, traditional disability categories capture only a small proportion of the children experiencing difficulties. Therefore, a functional approach in studies of children in need of special support is recommended.
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| 9. |
- Redmalm, David
(författare)
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The construction of a celebrity and her pet : a case study of Paris Hilton and Tinkerbell
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Paris Hilton, heiress of the Hilton hotel chain fortune, is well-known from several reality-TV shows, a music career, and frequent appearances in tabloids all over the world. Often by her side, the Chihuahua Tinkerbell has become one of the world’s most famous now living pets, and she is the author of her biography, written in first person singular. The relation between Hilton and Tinkerbell seems almost archetypical – it appears to be the perfect incarnation of the bourgeois pet-owner, moving her dog around in an expensive handbag as an accessory without any regard to the real pet behind the Gucci collar. Nevertheless, there is a peculiar focus on Tinkerbell in different forms of celebrity media; people seem to be especially moved by this dog and her destiny.In a discourse analysis of books, tabloid articles, reality show episodes, interviews and images from celebrity magazines, it is shown that imagery and text cooperate to produce Tinkerbell as a person. This is done through a number of different discursive techniques and among them is the linguistic prosthesis. This concept refers to the way people speak for animals, i.e. ascribe them a voice in first person singular, and it is often done in order to make sense of the animal’s behavior. By giving an animal a voice, the animal is made intoan active, social subject, but in the case of Tinkerbell, the voice of the produced canine subject is often heavily normative. It is used to criticize her mistress’ sometimes unreliable behavior, to question the mistreatment of pets, and to express a general critique against life in the lap of luxury. In the interplay between text and pet a certain form of common sense is produced and disseminated.The discussion is divided in two sections. First, it is argued that popular media’s fixation with Tinkerbell stems from the way the pet as a social phenomenon trifle with common dichotomies such as nature/culture, authenticity/simulation, wilderness/civilization, speech/speechlessness, child/adult and poor/rich. Second, the relation between representations of animals in media, such as wildlife films and TV-shows on dog-training and veterinary clinics, is discussed in relation to the epistemology of the reality show genre.
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| 10. |
- van Baardewijk, Yoast, et al.
(författare)
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Development and tests of short versions of the youth psychopathic traits inventory and the youth psychopathic traits inventory-child version
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1015-5759 .- 2151-2426. ; 26:2, s. 122-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adolescent Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) and its child version (YPI-CV) are sound but lengthy instruments for measuring psychopathic traits in youths. The current study develops psychometrically strong short versions of these instruments. Samples used for item reduction were community samples of adolescents (n = 2105, age 16-19, 49% boys) and children (n = 360, age 9-12, 52% boys). Stepwise parallel reduction using principal components analyses and content-related arguments resulted in two highly similar short instruments of 18 items each. In both versions, near identical and theoretically comprehensible three factor structures were demonstrated, which were crossvalidated in independent samples (CFI = .97 and .97; RMSEA = .044 and .038, respectively). Results were similar for boys and girls. The short instruments were reliable (Cronbach's alpha s of .85 and .83) and covered all core characteristics of the psychopathic personality construct. The short versions showed a high convergence with the original long instruments (r =.95 and .93, respectively) and similar correlations to external criterion measures of conduct problems. Therefore, the abbreviated versions are practical and valid alternatives for the original YPIs when administration time is limited.
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