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1.
  • Gallardo Fernández, Gloria L. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • From Seascapes of Extinction to Seascapes of Confidence : Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries in Chile: El Quisco and Puerto Oscuro
  • 2008
  • swepub:Mat_book_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)abstract
    • In Chile, the indiscriminate harvest for export of the edible shellfish, Concholepas concholepas or false abalone, propelled by a neo-liberal market economy during the 1970s, almost led to the extinction of the species, thereby threatening the dependant small-scale artisan fishers’ survival as well as the ecosystem. To reverse this, fishers’ organizations in Chile have adopted the state created regulatory measure, Management and Exploitation Areas for Benthic Resources (MEABR; locally known as Management Areas -- MAs). Replacing the former unsuccessful fishing regulatory measurements, the MEABR regime empowers the fishers with exclusive territorial use rights (TURF) to manage the species, often under commons institutions, thus creating new seascapes of confidence. However, as is often the case with new solutions, emergent problems are posed that threaten to undermine the reform. With the new regulated extraction measure and geographical expansion of this novel labour and production alternative, fishers experience a transition from ‘nomadic’ to sedentary fishing leading to a transformation of their lifestyle and skills. If MAs become permanent, fishing in rural areas may lead to tensions as the fishers settle on coastal lands without entitlement, or are hindered from developing their own fisheries infrastructure. The legal system does not seem to fully foresee the consequences of the reform, and prevailing power relations and private property rights work to disadvantage the fishers. Using a participatory approach for the first research location of El Quisco (Valparaíso Region), and interviews with key informants for the second research location of Puerto Oscuro (Coquimbo Region), fishers’ views of the Chilean TURF were evaluated. How fishers perceive this experience should be central for the success or failure of the MAs as a viable alternative to the earlier conditions of open access. While the assessment of El Quisco deals more with the performance of the MA, Puerto Oscuro is used to portray the seascapes of conflict that have emerged as ownership of the coastal land is contested. The study shows that while the reform has brought better incomes from the benthic resources, the overall economic importance of the MAs for the fishers is reduced relative to the incomes coming from fishing activities realized outside the MAs. Experiences in both cases have been otherwise positive in terms of the recuperation of the species, ecological concerns and strengthening fishers’ so-called soft assets. Nevertheless, many problems remain, among them the problem of access to the sea border and those related to ambiguous land rights to support coastal settlement and fishing infrastructure development.
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2.
  • Löfroth, Therese, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Land-sparing benefits biodiversity while land-sharing benefits ecosystem services : Stakeholders’ perspectives on biodiversity conservation strategies in boreal forests
  • 2024
  • record:In_t: Ambio. - : Springer Nature. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 53:1, s. 20-33
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Biodiversity conservation and economic profit from forests can be combined by various land-sparing and land-sharing approaches. Using a semi-structured survey, we evaluated support for scenarios representing contrasting conservation strategies in a managed boreal forest landscape. Land-sparing approaches were supported by the conservation organisation, regional administrations and the forest company, mainly motivated by the benefit for biodiversity based on ecological theory. Land-sharing approaches were supported by one recreational organisation, some municipalities and the forest owners’ association, mainly motivated by the delivery of ecosystem services. Stakeholder groups using certain ecosystem services had motivations that we related to an anthropocentric mindset, while others focused more on species conservation, which can be related both to an anthropocentric or an ecocentric mindsets. Forest conservation planning should consider stakeholders’ preferences to handle land-use conflicts. Since reaching consensus among multiple stakeholders seems unfeasible, a combination of land-sparing and land-sharing approaches is probably the best compromise.
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3.
  • Bonow, Madeleine, 1971- (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Conflict or convergence? : Products of origin. An analysis of the Swedish case of Baltic Sea fish
  • 2013
  • record:In_t: Baltic Worlds. - Huddinge : Södertörns högskola. - 2000-2955 .- 2001-7308. ; VI:3-4, s. 48-51
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • In response to the contemporary globalization ofthe economy, food markets are shifting toward differentiation of services and products based on theunique qualities and attributes of the products. Aparadigm called the “quality turn” corresponds to the increasing variety of food services. “Alternative foods”,including organic products or products qualified bytheir origin, and new methods of marketing the sefoods (farmer’s markets, local contracts, etc.) are developingthrough the mainstreaming of innovation. Protected designation of origin (PDO) is a certificationscheme that certifies products by their origin, and is one of several important tools to strengthen the competitiveness of rural areas, especially for smallscalefood processing in rural and less-developed areas in Europe. A PDO provides groups of producers with protection against unfair competition for products whose unique sensory characteristics essentially depend on the local geographic and cultural conditions as well as the local know-how of the productionsite. A PDO certification informs consumers that the product quality and its value depend on the geographic origin of the product. Despite the potential value of PDOs for producers, their use is unevenly distributed throughout the EU. The organization of the qualitycertification systems and corresponding legal provisions vary between countries. France, Italy, and Spainare models for the development of the PDO schemeand have more than 800 PDO-certified products. However, countries such as Sweden, Finland, andDenmark have a much smaller number of products that are certified. In Sweden, several products have applied for a PDO, but only one, Kalix Löjrom, has been certified under the scheme. The reason for this failure is mainly that Sweden’s current customs do not correspond to the rules and traditions used to createthe PDO scheme. To increase the likelihood of successfully obtaining PDOs, Sweden should work to reinvent local knowledge and local food and to recover its traditional food culture.
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4.
  • Elofsson, Katarina, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • The impact of lynx and wolf on roe deer huntingvalue in Sweden 2002-2012
  • 2019
  • swepub:Mat_conferencepaper_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Large carnivores provide ecosystem and cultural benefits but also impose costs on livestock owners, due to predation, and on hunters, due to the competition for game. The benefits as well as the costs that accrue to livestock owners have been studied, but this is not the case for the costs that accrue to hunters. The aim of this paper was to identify the impact of lynx (Lynx lynx) and wolf (Canis lupus) on roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) hunting value. We applied a production function approach, using a bioeconomic model where the number of roe deer harvested was assumed to be jointly determined by hunting effort, abundance of predators, availability of other game, and climatic conditions. The impact of the predators on the roe deer harvests was estimated econometrically, and carnivore impacts for a constant and adjusted, steady state hunting effort were derived. The results showed that the marginal cost in terms of hunting values foregone varied between the counties and ranged between 18,000 and 58,000 EUR for lynx and 79,000 and 336,000 EUR for wolf. Larger costs were found in counties where the hunting effort was high, mainly located in south Sweden. The regional variation in costs has implications for decisions on policies affecting the regional distribution of wolf and lynx.
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5.
  • Fornäs, Johan, 1952-, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Proposal to revise the Schipperke FCI Standard
  • 2019
  • record:In_t: SchipTales International. - : SchipTales International. ; :December 15, s. 22-27
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_popularscientific_t)
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6.
  • Häggmark Svensson, Tobias, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • The Impact of Water Quality Management Policies on Innovation in Nitrogen and Phosphorus Technology
  • 2021
  • record:In_t: Water Economics and Policy. - : World Scientific. - 2382-624X .- 2382-6258. ; 7:1
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • The purpose of this study is to examine the effects on innovation of environmental regulations aimed at reducing eutrophication. We focus on innovations in nitrogen and phosphorus management technology in the wastewater treatment sector and the agricultural sector. Patent data from Sweden over a 50-year period is used as a measure of innovation. We estimate a negative binomial regression model in a reduced form and by the use of control-functions, taking into account environmental regulation as well as more general determinants of innovation. Our results suggest that increased regulation has induced innovation in the wastewater treatment sector, both in the long and short run. The short-run effect was estimated to 40-70% in the years immediately following the introduction of new environmental regulations. A corresponding effect could not be identified in the agricultural sector. The difference between the sectors is likely explained by differences in policy design, where performance standards are applied in the wastewater sector, while design standards and technology-specific subsidies dominate in the agricultural sector.
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7.
  • Mensah, Justice Tei, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Effects of Carnivore Presence on Hunting Lease Pricing in South Sweden
  • 2019
  • swepub:Mat_conferencepaper_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Carnivore conservation is considered essential because the species offer significant benefits to biodiversity. However, their predation on ungulates reduces ungulate populations with subsequent effects on hunters’ harvests and welfare. In this paper, we use the hedonic price method to estimate the effects of large carnivores on hunting lease prices. We divide the impact of carnivores into two effects: one effect affects game harvests, and the other effect affects the hunters’ direct preferences for the presence of carnivores on hunting land. Results reveal that lynx impose a significant economic cost to owners of hunting rights due to the predation of game. On average, the implicit cost of an additional lynx family is SEK 1.51 million (EUR 0.162 million) per year, and with 95% certainty, the cost per lynx family is at least SEK 340 thousand (EUR 36.6 thousand) per year.
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8.
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9.
  • Plue, Jan, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Where does the community start, and where does it end? Including the seed bank to reassess forest herb layer responses to the environment
  • 2017
  • record:In_t: Journal of Vegetation Science. - : Wiley. - 1100-9233 .- 1654-1103. ; 28:2, s. 424-435
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • QuestionBelow-ground processes are key determinants of above-ground plant population and community dynamics. Still, our understanding of how environmental drivers shape plant communities is mostly based on above-ground diversity patterns, bypassing below-ground plant diversity stored in seed banks. As seed banks may shape above-ground plant communities, we question whether concurrently analysing the above- and below-ground species assemblages may potentially enhance our understanding of community responses to environmental variation. LocationTemperate deciduous forests along a 2000km latitudinal gradient in NW Europe. MethodsHerb layer, seed bank and local environmental data including soil pH, canopy cover, forest cover continuity and time since last canopy disturbance were collected in 129 temperate deciduous forest plots. We quantified herb layer and seed bank diversity per plot and evaluated how environmental variation structured community diversity in the herb layer, seed bank and the combined herb layer-seed bank community. ResultsSeed banks consistently held more plant species than the herb layer. How local plot diversity was partitioned across the herb layer and seed bank was mediated by environmental variation in drivers serving as proxies of light availability. The herb layer and seed bank contained an ever smaller and ever larger share of local diversity, respectively, as both canopy cover and time since last canopy disturbance decreased. Species richness and -diversity of the combined herb layer-seed bank community responded distinctly differently compared to the separate assemblages in response to environmental variation in, e.g. forest cover continuity and canopy cover. ConclusionsThe seed bank is a below-ground diversity reservoir of the herbaceous forest community, which interacts with the herb layer, although constrained by environmental variation in e.g. light availability. The herb layer and seed bank co-exist as a single community by means of the so-called storage effect, resulting in distinct responses to environmental variation not necessarily recorded in the individual herb layer or seed bank assemblages. Thus, concurrently analysing above- and below-ground diversity will improve our ecological understanding of how understorey plant communities respond to environmental variation.
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10.
  • Rytkönen, Paulina, 1961- (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Constructing the new rurality : Challenges and opportunities of a recent shift in Swedish rural policies
  • 2014
  • record:In_t: Farming systems facing global challenges. ; , s. 1195-1205
  • swepub:Mat_conferencepaper_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • The article highlights the implementation of the New Culinary Country Program (NCCP, Sverige det Nya Matlandet), implemented to speed up the emergence of a new rurality in Sweden. Based on results of focus groups and one group interview conducted in eight counties/landscapes in in 2013 and a state initiated evaluation of the NCCP, the study answers the following questions: What has been achieved by the policy change so far? Which are the main challenges and opportunities created by the NCCP so far? Results show that the NCCP has stimulated a higher degree of regional coordination of resources and stakeholders at regional level. In the succesful cases, cooperation and coordination has been the key factor behind succes.
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