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1.
  • Adamsson, I, et al. (författare)
  • Microbial ecology and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections : Review
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Journal of chemotherapy. - 1120-009X .- 1973-9478. ; 12:1, s. 5-16
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aims of the present study were to investigate the ecological disturbances caused by four different anti-H. pylori regimens, to compare different methods for diagnosing H. pylori, and to study the genetic variability of H. pylori. The patients included in the study were all treated at the Center of Gastroenterology, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute. All patients were H. pylori-positive before entering the study, confirmed by rapid urease test, histology, culture and urea breath test or PCR. Treatment regimens included in the study were omeprazole alone (OP), in combination with amoxicillin (OA), in combination with amoxicillin and metronidazole (OAM) and in combination with clarithromycin and metronidazole (OCM). Samples from the mouth (saliva and dental plaque), stomach (biopsies from the gastric mucosa in the corpus and in the antrum) and the intestine (feces) were collected before, during and after treatment. The oral microflora was challenged by the three treatment regimens including antimicrobial agents, with the emergence of resistant streptococci and staphylococci in the OCM group. Bacterial strains in the gastric mucosa increased in numbers during treatment in all treatment groups, probably due to the pH rise, which provides a better environment for the commensal microflora. This overgrowth was especially pronounced during treatment with omeprazole alone (OP), possibly due to the fact that a concomitant suppression exerted by the antimicrobial agents occurred in the other treatment groups. H. pylori was, on the other hand, suppressed during treatment in all treatment groups, possibly due to a direct effect of omeprazole and to the colonization resistance expressed by the normal microflora, An emergence of resistant commensal strains in the gastric mucosa was seen in the OCM and the OAM groups. The intestinal microflora was most altered in the OAM and the OCM groups, with persistent disturbances in the OCM group 4 weeks after treatment. The frequency of resistant Enterococcus spp, (OCM), Enterobacteriaceae spp, (OA and OAM) and Bacteroides spp, (OCM) was increased during and after treatment. Different detection methods for H. pylori were compared and PCR was shown to have higher sensitivity than other routine diagnostic tests. The patients in the present study seemed to be colonized with a single strain of H. pylori. Treatment failures in patients treated with OAM were caused by recrudescence. These four patients with relapsing H. pylori infection, were shown to be reinfected with the original H. pylori strain, indicating that H. pylori escapes treatment by a thus far unknown mechanism.
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2.
  • Aervold Bjerre, Thomas, et al. (författare)
  • Nordic Contributions
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: American Literary Scholarship. - Durham : Duke University Press. - 0065-9142 .- 1527-2125. ; , s. 524-543
  • Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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3.
  • Andersson, Hans (författare)
  • Vad är överstatlighet?
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift. - 0039-0747. ; :4, s. 375-384
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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4.
  • Appelgren, Ester, 1977- (författare)
  • The No-Go Zone of Journalism Studies : Revisiting the Concept of Technological Determinism
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Digital Journalism. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 2167-0811 .- 2167-082X. ; 11:4, s. 672-690
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study aims to assess technological determinism in relation tointerdisciplinarity in journalism studies. Based on a scoping reviewof articles published during the last decade in three influentialscientific journals within the journalism studies field, DigitalJournalism, New Media & Society and Journalism, the study analyzesmanifestations of technological determinism and interdisciplinarity.The review includes in its analysis 127 articles published between2012 and 2022 that mention “technological determinism” and “journalism.” Furthermore, the study connects these manifestations tothe biographies of the authors in terms of their PhD dissertationdiscipline. The study raises two concerns. First, the analysis of themanifestation of technological determinism indicates that technological determinism is mainly thought of and discussed by thescholarly community from a functionalist viewpoint. It seems likescholarship that has added nuances and further developed thetheory has been disregarded or perhaps is not even known.Second, interdisciplinary research on technology becomes difficultsince the essence of technological determinism is considered ano-go zone in journalism studies. However, for the field of journalism studies to grow even stronger a revised delimitation isnecessary. To reduce the stigma around technological determinismas a concept, the limitation should not exclude the use of theconcept, but encourage a more nuanced assessment of it to contribute to the discussion of the role of technology in journalism.
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5.
  • Ardila-Ardila, A., et al. (författare)
  • HUMANS: una batería neuropsicologica para la evaluación de pacientes infectados con VIH-1 : [Humans: a neuropsychological battery for evaluating HIV-1 infected patients]
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Revista de Neurocirugía. - 1514-3716. ; 36:8, s. 756-762
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective. To develop a neuropsychological test battery in Spanish for the cognitive evaluation of HIV-1 infected patients. Development. Departing from the suggestions presented by the work group of the National Institute of Mental Health (USA), a neuropsychological assessment battery was developed. It was named HUMANS (HIV/University of Miami Annotated Neuropsychological test battery in Spanish). This battery includes the following domains: 1) attention and speed of processing information, 2) memory, 3) executive function, 4) language, 5) visuospacial/visuoconstructive abilities, and 6) motor abilities. Administration takes about 3-4 hours. The English parallel version of this battery has been successfully used in English for over a decade with HIV-1 infected patients. In the paper the development and adaptation to Spanish language of the HUMANS neuropsychology section is presented Conclusions. HUMANS neuropsychological test battery fulfill the recommendations presented by the workgroup of the National Institute of Mental Health for evaluating HIV-1 infected patients. Studies regarding validity and reliability are still required.
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6.
  • Atteridge, Aaron, et al. (författare)
  • Is adaptation reducing vulnerability or redistributing it?
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1757-7780 .- 1757-7799. ; 9:1
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As globalization and other pressures intensify the economic, social and biophysical connections between people and places, it seems likely that adaptation responses intended to ameliorate the impacts of climate change might end up shifting risks and vulnerability between people and places. Building on earlier conceptual work in maladaptation and other literature, this article explores the extent to which concerns about vulnerability redistribution have influenced different realms of adaptation practice. The review leads us to conclude that the potential for adaptation to redistribute risk or vulnerability is being given only sparse—and typically superficial—attention by practitioners. Concerns about ‘maladaptation’, and occasionally vulnerability redistribution specifically, are mentioned on the margins but do not significantly influence the way adaptation choices are made or evaluated by policy makers, project planners or international funds. In research, the conceptual work on maladaptation is yet to translate into a significant body of empirical literature on the distributional impacts of real-world adaptation activities, which we argue calls into question our current knowledge base about adaptation. These gaps are troubling, because a process of cascading adaptation endeavors globally seems likely to eventually re-distribute risks or vulnerabilities to communities that are already marginalized and vulnerable. We conclude by discussing the implications that the potential for vulnerability redistribution might have for the governance of adaptation processes, and offer some reflections on how research might contribute to addressing gaps in knowledge and in practice.
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9.
  • Banyoi, Silvia-Maria, et al. (författare)
  • The effects of exposure to environmentally relevant PFAS concentrations for aquatic organisms at different consumer trophic levels : Systematic review and meta-analyses
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 315
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is a collective name for approximately 4700 synthetic chemicals ubiquitous in the aquatic environment worldwide. They are used in a wide array of products and are found in living organisms around the world. Some PFAS have been associated with cancer, developmental toxicity, endocrine disruption, and other health effects. Only a fraction of PFAS are currently monitored and regulated and the presence and effects on aquatic organisms of many PFAS are largely unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the health effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of PFAS on aquatic organisms at different consumer trophic levels through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The main result shows that PFAS in concentrations up to 13.5 μg/L have adverse effects on body size variables for secondary consumers. However, no significant effects on liver or gonad somatic indices and neither on fecundity were found. In addition, the results show that there are large research gaps for PFAS effects on different organisms in aquatic environments at environmentally relevant concentrations. Most studies have been performed on secondary consumers and there is a substantial lack of studies on other consumers in aquatic ecosystems.
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10.
  • Bergman, Jan, et al. (författare)
  • Indolocarbazoles
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY, VOL 80. - 0065-2725 .- 1557-8429. ; 80, s. 1-71
  • Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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