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- Hjort, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Diversity and reductive evolution of mitochondria among microbial eukaryotes
- 2010
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 365:1541, s. 713-727
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- All extant eukaryotes are now considered to possess mitochondria in one form or another. Many parasites or anaerobic protists have highly reduced versions of mitochondria, which have generally lost their genome and the capacity to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. These organelles have been called hydrogenosomes, when they make hydrogen, or remnant mitochondria or mitosomes when their functions were cryptic. More recently, organelles with features blurring the distinction between mitochondria, hydrogenosomes and mitosomes have been identified. These organelles have retained a mitochondrial genome and include the mitochondrial-like organelle of Blastocystis and the hydrogenosome of the anaerobic ciliate Nyctotherus. Studying eukaryotic diversity from the perspective of their mitochondrial variants has yielded important insights into eukaryote molecular cell biology and evolution. These investigations are contributing to understanding the essential functions of mitochondria, defined in the broadest sense, and the limits to which reductive evolution can proceed while maintaining a viable organelle.
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| 3. |
- Rasoal, Chato, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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TOWARD A CONCEPTUALIZATION OFETHNOCULTURAL EMPATHY
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1933-5377. ; 5:1, s. 1-13
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although a number of theoretical frameworks have been developed in previous empathyresearch, the extent to which these frameworks consider cultural and ethnic aspects islimited. This literature study reviews the most influential frameworks of general andethnocultural empathy. The core components of ethnocultural empathy are identified aswell as factors facilitating empathy for persons from other cultures. Most notably, therealization that people in other cultures have similar worries and goals should facilitateethnocultural empathy, in both informal and professional contexts. This analysis canprovide useful insights and tools for practitioners working with patients and clients fromcultures other than their own.
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| 5. |
- Schenk, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Use of Uncertainty Factors by the SCOEL in their derivation of health-based Occupational Exposure Limits
- 2010
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Ingår i: Critical reviews in toxicology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1040-8444 .- 1547-6898. ; 40:9, s. 791-798
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate how the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL) of the European Commission uses uncertainty factors when proposing health-based indicative occupational exposure limit values (IOELVs). In total, 75 IOELVs in 62 summary documents published from 1991 to 2003 were analyzed. For 31 of the IOELVs, no explicit uncertainty factor (EUF) was stated. For these, we calculated an implicit safety margin (ISM) as the ratio between the point of departure (POD, derived from the NOAEL or LOAEL of the critical effect) and the proposed IOELV. We further analysed whether date of recommendation, type of critical effect, nature of POD or amount of available data influenced the magnitude of the EUFs and ISMs. The ISMs varied little (range 1-5), while the EUFs showed more variability (range 1-50). The EUFs remained unaffected over time and the ISMs decreased slightly. Significant differences in the magnitude of the EUFs, but not ISMs, were found between critical effects, however, contrary to expected the average EUFs and ISMs for irritation were similar to those for more severe systemic effects. The nature of the POD affected the ISMs and EUFs only slightly and less than expected. Both EUFs and ISMs showed a weak but significant negative correlation with the amount of available toxicological data, measured as the number of relevant publications in PubMed, whereas SCOEL statements on data sufficiency had no influence. Overall, the most striking difference was that between EUFs and ISMs, the former being on average 2.1 times higher.
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