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Sökning: db:Swepub > (2010-2011) > Umeå universitet > Högskolan Dalarna

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1.
  • Barron, Andrew, et al. (författare)
  • Corporate political strategizing in the European Union during the 2007-2010 recession : an exploratory study
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Environment and Planning. C, Government and Policy. - : Pion Ltd. - 0263-774X .- 1472-3425. ; 29:5, s. 783-801
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using original data collected from a survey of Brussels-based Government Affairs Managers (GAMs) in May and June 2010, we explore the political actions of firms in the European Union during the 2007 – 10 financial crisis. Findings suggest that the financial constraints imposed by the crisis had a significant impact on whether GAMs entered into short-term or long-term relationships with policy makers and whether they engaged in individual or collective action. Significant cross-country differences were also observed between the political objectives pursued by firms, their propensity to engage in collective political action, and the tactics they use to influence policy makers. Taken together, these findings challenge institutional explanations of EU lobbying, which suggest that the EU system of policy making provides powerful incentives for firms to adopt specific lobbying behaviours in order to gain a seat at the EU policy-making table.
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2.
  • Barron, Andrew, et al. (författare)
  • The financial crisis and the gathering of political intelligence : A cross-country comparison of SMEs in France, Sweden and the UK
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: International Small Business Journal. - : SAGE. - 0266-2426 .- 1741-2870. ; , s. 1-22
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article reports the findings of a study that compared cross-national differences in how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) monitored political responses to the economic and financial crisis of 2007–2009. Original, empirical data collected through an online survey of 206 small business managers in France, Sweden and the UK were analysed to explore the extent that they monitored policy responses to the crisis, their motivations for doing so, and the sources of information they used for political intelligence gathering purposes. The findings show that the monitoring of political initiatives by SMEs in response to the recession varied in accordance with the extent to which their countries are affected by the recession. Also, small business managers on the whole considered it more important, despite the international nature of the crisis, to monitor political responses in national rather than supranational political settings. Contrary to our expectations, we found that SMEs across all three countries drew on similarly wide sources of information when monitoring policy responses to the crisis. Also surprising was the finding that SME managers in the UK relied heavily on official government sources when gathering intelligence on attempts to alleviate the recession’s effects.
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3.
  • Bask, Mikael, et al. (författare)
  • Market power in the expanding Nordic power market
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 43:9, s. 1035-1043
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We examine if the Nordic power market, Nord Pool, has been competitive or if electricity suppliers have had market power. Specifically, since the evolution from national markets to a multi-national and largely deregulated power market has taken place stepwise, we also examine how the degree of market power has evolved during this integration process. The Bresnahan-Lau method together with weekly data during 1996-2004 are used in the analysis, which shows that electricity suppliers have had small, but statistically significant, market power, but that the market power has been reduced as the Nord Pool area has expanded
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4.
  • Graner, Sophie, 1971-, et al. (författare)
  • Adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes and their determinants in rural Vietnam 1999-2005
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. - : Wiley. - 0269-5022 .- 1365-3016. ; 24:6, s. 535-545
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Population-based estimations of perinatal and neonatal outcomes are sparse in Vietnam. There are no previously published data on small for gestational age (SGA) infants. A rural population in northern Vietnam was investigated from 1999 to 2005 (n = 5521). Based on the birthweight distributions within the population under study, reference curves for intrauterine growth for Vietnamese infants were constructed and the prevalence and distribution of SGA was calculated for each sex. Neonatal mortality was estimated as 11.6 per 1000 live births and the perinatal mortality as 25.0 per 1000 births during the study period. The mean birthweight was 3112 g and the prevalence of low birthweight was 5.0%. The overall prevalence of SGA was 6.4%. SGA increased with gestational age and was 2.2%, 4.5% and 27.1% for preterm, term and post-term infants, respectively. Risk factors for SGA were post-term birth: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 7.75 [95% CI 6.02, 9.98], mothers in farming occupations AOR 1.72 [95% CI 1.21, 2.45] and female infant AOR 1.61 [95% CI 1.27, 2.03]. There was a pronounced decrease in neonatal mortality after 33 weeks of gestation. Suggested interventions are improved prenatal identification of SGA infants by ultrasound investigation for fetal growth among infants who do not follow their expected clinical growth curve at the antenatal clinic. Other suggestions include allocating a higher proportion of preterm deliveries to health facilities with surgical capacity and neonatal care.
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5.
  • Graner, Sophie, 1971-, et al. (författare)
  • Maternal health care professionals' perspectives on the provision and use of antenatal and delivery care : a qualitative descriptive study in rural Vietnam
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 10:1, s. 608-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: High quality maternal health care is an important tool to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. Services offered should be evidence based and adapted to the local setting. This qualitative descriptive study explored the perspectives and experiences of midwives, assistant physicians and medical doctors on the content and quality of maternal health care in rural Vietnam. METHOD: The study was performed in a rural district in northern Vietnam. Four focus group discussions with health care professionals at primary health care level were conducted. The data was analysed using qualitative manifest and latent content analysis. Result Two main themes emerged: "Contextual conditions for maternal health care" and "Balancing between possibilities and constraints". Contextual conditions influenced both pregnant women's use of maternal health care and health care professionals' performance. The study participants stated that women's uses of maternal health care were influenced by economical constraints and cultural norms that impeded their autonomy in relation to childbearing. Structural constraints within the health care system included inadequate financing of the primary health care, resulting in lack of human resources, professional re-training and adequate equipment. CONCLUSION: Contextual conditions strongly influenced the performance and interaction between pregnant women and health care professionals within antenatal care and delivery care in a rural district of Vietnam. Although Vietnam is performing comparatively well in terms of low maternal and child mortality figures, this study revealed midwives' and other health care professionals' perceived difficulties in their daily work. It seemed maternal health care was under-resourced in terms of staff, equipment and continuing education activities. The cultural setting in Vietnam constituting a strong patriarchal society and prevailing Confucian norms limits women's autonomy and reduce their possibility to make independent decisions about their own reproductive health. This issue should be further addressed by policy-makers. Strategies to reduce inequities in maternal health care for pregnant women are needed. The quality of client-provider interaction and management of pregnancy may be strengthened by education, human resources, re-training and provision of essential equipment.
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6.
  • Granlund, David, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Consumer information and pharmaceutical prices : theory and evidence
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. - : John Wiley & Sons Ltd. - 0305-9049 .- 1468-0084. ; 73:2, s. 230-254
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper, the impact of increased consumer information on brand name and generic pharmaceutical prices is analyzed both theoretically and empirically. The theoretical results show that an increase in information is likely to reduce the price of brand name pharmaceuticals, while the results regarding generics are less clear. In the empirical part of the paper, the introduction of the substitution reform in the Swedish pharmaceuticals market in October 2002 is used as a natural experiment regarding the effects of increased consumer information on pharmaceutical prices. The results clearly show that the reform has lowered the price of both brand name- and generic pharmaceuticals
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7.
  • Granlund, David, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Does increased price competition reduce entry of new pharmaceutical products?
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Advances in Management and Applied Economics. - : International Scientific Press. - 1792-7544 .- 1792-7552. ; 1:1, s. 1-14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In October 2002, a substitution reform was introduced in the Swedish pharmaceuticals market. In this paper, the effects of increased price competition due to the reform on the entry of new pharmaceutical products were studied. The results show that the reform did affect the entry behavior of generic manufacturers as they became more prone to enter new package sizes into the market after the reform, but also that there is considerable heterogeneity in entry behavior between different ATC-code groups for both brand name and generic products.
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8.
  • Hellström, Jörgen, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Uncertainty in the generic versus brand name prescription decision
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Empirical Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0377-7332 .- 1435-8921. ; 38:3, s. 503-521
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper analyzes the impact of uncertainty concerning product qualityof generic drugs on the substitution behavior of prescribing physicians. It is shown thatuncertainty about the generic drug quality gives the physician a value of waiting formore information before switching to the generic version. In addition, it is shown thatreducing the approval requirements for generic drugs, thereby increasing uncertaintyabout quality, may discourage physicians from prescribing such drugs. An empiricalstudy testing the theoretical predictions is presented at the end of the paper.
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9.
  • Hovan, AJ, et al. (författare)
  • A systematic review of dysgeusia induced by cancer therapies
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer. - 0941-4355 .- 1433-7339. ; 18:8, s. 1081-1087
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose. The purpose was to review relevant scientific papers written since 1989 which focused on the prevalence and management of dysgeusia as an oral side effect of cancer treatment.Methods. Our literature search was limited to English language papers published between 1990 and 2008. A total of 30 papers were reviewed; the results of 26 of these papers were included in the present systematic review. A structured assessment form was used by two reviewers for each paper. Studies were weighted as to the quality of the study design, and treatment recommendations were based on the relative strength of each paper.Results. A wide range in reported prevalence of dysgeusia was identified with the weighted prevalence from 56–76%, depending on the type of cancer treatment. Attempts to prevent dysgeusia through the prophylactic use of zinc sulfate or amifostine have been of limited benefit. Nutritional counseling may be helpful to some patients in minimizing the symptoms of dysgeusia.
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10.
  • Hultén, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • A new research paradigm to analyze the threats against fair competition in the global marketplace
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1059-5422 .- 2051-3143. ; 20:2, s. 182-193
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a new research paradigm that can assist in preventing unethical behavior from strengthening its grip on the global economy. Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses examples of corrupt acts, which affect companies' competitive positions in the global economy. The examples draw upon media reports of unethical behavior in Swedish companies and observations made when conducting field studies in Russia and the Ukraine. Findings – This paper identifies what is to be observed and analyzed at close range in companies with regard to corrupt acts. Furthermore, this paper highlights unethical behavior manifested in reward cultures and earnings manipulation in Western companies, which are problems that threaten fair competition. Originality/value – The paper highlights critical areas of investigation with regard to studies of corruption and other forms of unethical behavior which have a detrimental effect on the development of the global market.
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