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- Antoniou, A. C., et al.
(författare)
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Common breast cancer susceptibility alleles and the risk of breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers : Implications for risk prediction
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 70:23, s. 9742-9754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The known breast cancer susceptibility polymorphisms in FGFR2, TNRC9/TOX3, MAP3K1, LSP1, and 2q35 confer increased risks of breast cancer for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. We evaluated the associations of 3 additional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs4973768 in SLC4A7/NEK10, rs6504950 in STXBP4/COX11, and rs10941679 at 5p12, and reanalyzed the previous associations using additional carriers in a sample of 12,525 BRCA1 and 7,409 BRCA2 carriers. Additionally, we investigated potential interactions between SNPs and assessed the implications for risk prediction. The minor alleles of rs4973768 and rs10941679 were associated with increased breast cancer risk for BRCA2 carriers (per-allele HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.18, P = 0.006 and HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.19, P = 0.03, respectively). Neither SNP was associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 carriers, and rs6504950 was not associated with breast cancer for either BRCA1 or BRCA2 carriers. Of the 9 polymorphisms investigated, 7 were associated with breast cancer for BRCA2 carriers (FGFR2, TOX3, MAP3K1, LSP1, 2q35, SLC4A7, 5p12, P = 7 × 10-11 - 0.03), but only TOX3 and 2q35 were associated with the risk for BRCA1 carriers (P = 0.0049, 0.03, respectively). All risk-associated polymorphisms appear to interact multiplicatively on breast cancer risk for mutation carriers. Based on the joint genotype distribution of the 7 risk-associated SNPs in BRCA2 mutation carriers, the 5% of BRCA2 carriers at highest risk (i.e., between 95th and 100th percentiles) were predicted to have a probability between 80% and 96% of developing breast cancer by age 80, compared with 42% to 50% for the 5% of carriers at lowest risk. Our findings indicated that these risk differences might be sufficient to influence the clinical management of mutation carriers.
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- Blomquist, Tomas, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Projects - real, virtual or what?
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Managing Business in Projects. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1753-8378. ; 3:1, s. 10-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose – At the heart of this paper is the question of how to describe the ongoing changes of project management (PM) and how to cultivate the understating of projects. In line with the theme of this issue, a non-traditional approach of presenting this paper is used with the aim of providing a lived experience view on projects. This helps pave the way for changed perceptions of many of the traditional ideas of projects and PM, implicitly demanding a need for rethinking the field. The purpose of this paper is to offer some of that rethinking and suggest how to research it. Design/methodology/approach – The approach is narrative and builds on exploratory storytelling which is common in the social sciences but quite non-traditional in the PM sphere. Findings – The paper explores the kind of arguments people might have when defending their perceptions of what a project is and should be. Practical implications – Traditional PM might benefit from being open to experiences from non-traditional areas of application, and equally important is that the reverse might apply. Originality/value – Rethinking PM and relating to social science areas is very much in the vogue presently. The authors wish to push that issue even further, and this paper illustrates one way to achieve a fruitful dialogue or a discussion in a scientifically based context.
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- Chesbrough, Henry, et al.
(författare)
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Open innovation and public policy in Europe
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Industrial innovation processes are becoming more open. The large, vertically integrated R&D laboratory systems of the 20th century are giving way to more vertically disintegrated networks of innovation that connect numerous companies into ecosystems. Since innovation policy ultimately rests on the activities and initiatives of the private sector, it is vital that policy follows this evolution.Previous innovation policies relied on large companies to act as the engines of innovation in the EU. While large companies remain quite relevant to innovation within the EU, they themselves report that their processes involve many more SMEs and other contributors outside their own walls. Therefore, innovation policy must also move outside the walls of these large companies and consider the roles of human capital, competition policy, financing, intellectual property, and public data in promoting an environment of open innovation.In this report, we combine new research and analysis on open innovation with focused interviews of major participants in the European innovation system. The result is a series of recommendations for public policies that could, if implemented, improve the climate for open innovation to take place in the European Union – and thereby improve the competitiveness of the European economy overall. Taken together, these recommendations comprise an informal ‘charter’ for EU open innovation policy. The authors would like to thank Esther Van Zimmeren of the Centre for Intellectual Property Rights (CIR) of the Catholic University of Leuven for her explanation of various aspects of the European patenting system and the role of patent pools and IP clearing houses.This report was commissioned by ESADE Business School in Barcelona and the Science|Business Innovation Board AISBL. The Board is a Belgian not-for-profit scientific association that commissions original policy research, engages with policymakers and the press, and works generally to improve the climate for innovation in Europe. Its three co-founders are Science|Business, ESADE and INSEAD, with participation and support from Microsoft, BP, SKF and Imperial College London. In addition, Pfizer contributed support for this particular study. Further information is at www.sciencebusiness.net. The Board is grateful to Máire GeogheganQuinn, EU Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science, for her encouragement and comments on this research.
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- Fischl, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Validity and rater reliability of the assessment of computer related skills for persons with rheumatic diseases
- 2010
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Ingår i: Philippine Journal of Occupational Therapy. - Quezon City, Philippines : Occupational Therapy Association of the Philippines, Inc.. ; 4:1, s. 4-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Assessment of Computer Related Skills (ACRS) was developed to aid occupational therapists in evaluating computer skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ACRS’ internal scale validity, person response validity, inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability when used for persons with rheumatic diseases. A convenience sample of 20 participants with rheumatic diseases were observed and scored using the ACRS by three raters. Based on the scores from the observations a Many-Faceted Rasch (MFR) model of the ACRS was generated. Eighty-one percent of skill items, 90% of participants, all tasks, and all raters demonstrated goodness-of-fit to the MFR model of the ACRS. The results showed evidence of validity and reliability, which indicates that ACRS has the potential to be used to assess computer abilities of persons with rheumatic diseases.
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- Jacobsson, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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User perceptions of ICT in a major Swedish building and construction company
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in building and construction companies has steadily been growing during the last decade. However, just a few studies inquire perceptions of the ICT actually being used and perceptions among different professional groups in companies. The objective of this paper is to contribute to an enhanced understanding of general perceptions of ICT in building and construction companies and among professional groups by taking the point of departure in the concept of perceived usefulness. Data was collected by a web-based survey in two regional units of a major Swedish building and construction company. 257 completed questionnaires were returned which corresponds to a response rate of 49 %. The data was analysed with T-tests and multiple regression analysis. It can be concluded that respondents are generally fairly satisfied with their ICT and that the ICT is perceived as necessity for the fulfilment of work tasks as well as a valuable support in various areas of decision making. Moreover, a further developed use of ICT is perceived as an opportunity to increase the company’s competitiveness, but this opinion is negatively correlated with the opinion that the ICT is well adapted to the industry’s conditions. Finally are there some significant differences in perceptions of the outcomes of ICT-usage among professional groups. These differences can be explained by distance to operations and nature of work tasks.
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- Linderoth, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Taking industry seriously in ICT research : The case of building and construction industry
- 2011
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Ingår i: ICIS 2011 Proceedings. - : Association for Information Systems. - 9780615559070 ; , s. 3904-3919
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industry has received little attention in Information systems research as a factor explaining information and communication technology (ICT) related activities in organizations. By drawing on a case study in the building and construction industry in Sweden, the aim of this paper is to contribute to an enhanced knowledge of how industry specific features shape the adoption and use of ICT. It is concluded that the adoption and deployment of ICT is shaped by the interplay among three main dimensions of the industry. These dimensions are the market and production environment (shaped by specific interaction patterns among its features), the socio-cognitive environment, and institutional actors. The outcomes of this interplay will “fit” material features of ICT, implying certain ICT applications are preferred in a specific industry. However, the interaction patterns among which features to be included in the framework will vary among industries. The suggested framework can be used as a point of departure when ICTrelated activities in an industry are analysed.
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