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Sökning: db:Swepub > (2010-2011) > Umeå universitet > Örebro universitet

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1.
  • Almon, Ricardo, et al. (författare)
  • Body fat and dairy product intake in lactase persistent and non-persistent children and adolescents
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - Järfälla, Sweden : Co-action Publishing. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 54
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Lactase non-persistent (LNP) individuals may be lactose intolerant and therefore on a more restricted diet concerning milk and milk products compared to lactase persistent (LP) individuals. This may have an impact on body fat mass.Objective This study examines if LP and LNP children and adolescents, defined by genotyping for the LCT-13910 C > T polymorphism, differ from each other with regard to milk and milk product intake, and measures of body fat mass.Design: Children (n=298, mean age 9.6 years) and adolescents (n=386, mean age 15.6 years), belonging to the Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study, were genotyped for the LCT-13910 C > T polymorphism. Dietary intakes of reduced and full-fat dairy varieties were determined.Results: LNP (CC genotype) subjects consumed less milk, soured milk and yoghurt compared to LP (CT/TT genotype) subjects (p<0.001). Subsequent partitioning for age group attenuated this observation (p=0.002 for children and p=0.023 in adolescents). Six subjects were reported by parents to be 'lactose intolerant', none of whom were LNP. LNP children and adolescents consumed significantly less reduced fat milk and milk products than LP children and adolescents (p=0.009 for children and p=0.001 for adolescents).Conclusions: We conclude that LP is linked to an overall higher milk and dairy intake, but is not linked to higher body fat mass in children and adolescents.
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2.
  • Almon, Ricardo, 1965-, et al. (författare)
  • Lactase persistence and milk consumption are associated with body height in Swedish preadolescents and adolescents
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : CoAction Publishing. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 55
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Body height is a classic polygenic trait. About 80%-90% of height is inherited and 10%-20% owed to environmental factors, of which the most important ones are nutrition and diseases in preadolescents and adolescents.Objective: The aim of this study was to explore potential relations between the LCT (lactase) C > T-13910 polymorphism, milk consumption, and body height in a sample of Swedish preadolescents and adolescents.Design: In a cross-sectional study, using a random sample of preadolescents and adolescents (n = 597), dietary intakes were determined. Anthropometric measurements including sexual maturity (Tanner stage) and birth weight were assessed. Parental body height and socio-economic status (SES) were obtained by questionnaires. Genotyping for the LCT C > T-13910 polymorphism that renders individuals lactase persistent (LP) or lactase non-persistent (LNP) was performed by DNA sequencing. Stepwise backward multivariate linear regression was used.Results: Milk consumption was significantly and positively associated with body height (beta =0.45; 95% CI: 0.040, 0.87, p =0.032). Adjustments were performed for sex, parental height, birth weight, body mass index (BMI), SES, and Tanner stage. This model explains 90% of the observed variance of body height (adjusted R-2 =0.89). The presence of the -13910 T allele was positively associated with body height (beta = 2.05; 95% CI: 0.18, 3.92, p =0.032).Conclusions: Milk consumption is positively associated with body height in preadolescents and adolescents. We show for the first time that a nutrigenetic variant might be able to explain in part phenotypic variation of body height in preadolescents and adolescents. Due to the small sample size further studies are needed.
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3.
  • Altmae, Signe, et al. (författare)
  • Variations in folate pathway genes are associated with unexplained female infertility
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Fertility and Sterility. - : Elsevier BV. - 0015-0282 .- 1556-5653. ; 94:1, s. 130-137
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To investigate associations between folate-metabolizing gene variations, folate status, and unexplained female infertility. Design: An association study. Setting: Hospital-based IVF unit and university-affiliated reproductive research laboratories. Patient(s): Seventy-one female patients with unexplained infertility. Intervention(s): Blood samples for polymorphism genotyping and homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate measurements. Main Outcome Measure(s): Allele and genotype frequencies of the following polymorphisms: 5,10-methylenetetra-hydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C/T, 1298A/C, and 1793G/A, folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) 1314G/A, 1816delC, 1841G/A, and 1928C/T, transcobalamin II (TCN2) 776C/G, cystathionase (CTH) 1208G/T and solute carrier family 19, member 1 (SLC19A1) 80G/A, and concentrations of plasma homocysteine, vitamin B12, and serum folate. Result(s): MTHFR genotypes 677CT and 1793GA, as well as 1793 allele A were significantly more frequent among controls than in patients. The common MTHFR wild-type haplotype (677, 1298, 1793) CAG was less prevalent, whereas the rare haplotype CCA was more frequent in the general population than among infertility patients. The frequency of SLC19A1 80G/A genotypes differed significantly between controls and patients and the A allele was more common in the general population than in infertile women. Plasma homocysteine concentrations were influenced by CTH 1208G/T polymorphism among infertile women. Conclusion(s): Polymorphisms in folate pathway genes could be one reason for fertility complications in some women with unexplained infertility. (Fertil Steril (R) 2010;94:130-7. (C) 2010 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.)
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4.
  • Andrén, Daniela, et al. (författare)
  • 'Waiting for the other shoe to drop' : waiting for health care and duration of sick leave
  • 2010
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This paper uses a labor supply model that incorporates waiting for health care to derive an empirical specification for sick leave and to estimate the impact of waiting for health care on the duration of sick leave. In the estimations, we use the 2002 sample of the RFV-LS register database, supplemented with information from questionnaires. The results indicate that almost all waiting for health care variables have a statistically significant positive impact on the duration of sick leave, and did not induce substantial changes on the impact of traditional variables of the labor supply model.
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5.
  • Arafat, Yeasin, et al. (författare)
  • Parameterized sensor model and an approach for measuring goodness of robotic maps
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th IASTED International Conference on Robotics and Applications (RA 2010). - : ACTA Press.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Map building is a classical problem in mobile and au tonomous robotics, and sensor models is a way to interpret raw sensory information, especially for building maps. In this paper we propose a parameterized sensor model, and optimize map goodness with respect to these parameters. A new approach, measuring the goodness of maps without a handcrafted map of the actual environment is introduced and evaluated. Three different techniques; statistical anal ysis, derivative of images, and comparison of binary maps have been used as estimates of map goodness. The results show that the proposed sensor model generates better maps than a standard sensor model. However, the proposed ap proach of measuring goodness of maps does not improve the results as much as expected.
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6.
  • Babri, Maira (författare)
  • Studying codes as transforming objects
  • 2010
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This paper addresses certain methodological aspects of a researchproject, in which an epistemological symmetry is assumed between humans and nonhumans,and this paper is about what implications and challenges such a premise mayentail for the data collection and analysis of the study. Although I adhere strongly to thenotion of epistemological symmetry in theory, there are certain aspects with such a studythat pose methodological challenges and this paper sheds light upon these challenges anddiscusses ways to deal with them. The major concern is retaining the epistemologicalsymmetry throughout the data collection and analysis of the study. This paperinvestigates the methodological aspects of a study on transformations of and by corporatecodes of ethics to analyze how corporate responsibility is influenced. The paper, henceexplores how we can, theoretically and practically, study a non-human actor (in this case,a code), with similar epistemological capabilities as a human actor, in a human-centeredworld.
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7.
  • Bendelin, Nina, et al. (författare)
  • Experiences of guided Internet-based cognitive-behavioural treatment for depression : A qualitative study
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-244X. ; 11:107
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Internet-based self-help treatment with minimal therapist contact has been shown to have an effect in treating various conditions. The objective of this study was to explore participants’ views of Internet administrated guided self-help treatment for depression. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 strategically selected participants and qualitative methods with components of both thematic analysis and grounded theory were used in the analyses. Results: Three distinct change processes relating to how participants worked with the treatment material emerged which were categorized as (a) Readers, (b) Strivers, and (c) Doers. These processes dealt with attitudes towards treatment, views on motivational aspects of the treatment, and perceptions of consequences of the treatment. Conclusions: We conclude that the findings correspond with existing theoretical models of face-to-face psychotherapy within qualitative process research. Persons who take responsibility for the treatment and also attribute success to themselves appear to benefit more. Motivation is a crucial aspect of guided self-help in the treatment of depression.
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9.
  • Blomquist, Tomas, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Project-as-practice : in search of project management research that matters
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Project Management Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 8756-9728 .- 1938-9507. ; 41:1, s. 5-16
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Research on projects is not only an immaturefield of research, but it is also insubstantial whenit comes to understanding what occurs in projects.This article contributes to making projectmanagement research matter to the academic aswell as to the practitioner by developing a projectas-practice approach, in alignment with theongoing debate in social science research.The article outlines a framework and argues thatthere are two major challenges to the researcherand also suggests how these challenges can bemet. Underlying notions of the practice approachare outlined to ensure a development of theproject-as-practice approach that makes projectmanagement research matter!
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